1、生涯規劃輔導所需關注的課題與基本知識的掌握 Alvin Leung(梁湘明)Department of Educational PsychologyThe Chinese University of Hong Kong 資源冊內容(1/2)n單元一：事業輔導與生涯規劃：概論單元一：事業輔導與生涯規劃：概論n單元二：事業與生涯規劃：介入方法單元二：事業與生涯規劃：介入方法n單元三：從校園到工作世界：事業發展理論的單元三：從校園到工作世界：事業發展理論的一些啟示一些啟示n單元四：聆聽青少年的故事、探索生涯規劃主單元四：聆聽青少年的故事、探索生涯規劃主題：事業輔導面談技巧題：事業輔導面談技巧n單元五
2、：生涯評估面談：一個尋找生涯規劃主單元五：生涯評估面談：一個尋找生涯規劃主題的面談方法題的面談方法/程序程序 資源冊內容(2/2)n單元六：如何幫助青少年了解事業興趣單元六：如何幫助青少年了解事業興趣n單元七：事業興趣的評估方法單元七：事業興趣的評估方法n單元八：生涯價值觀的探索和評估方法單元八：生涯價值觀的探索和評估方法n單元九：個人能力的評估方法單元九：個人能力的評估方法n單元十：單元十：從實踐中學習生涯規劃從實踐中學習生涯規劃 每單元n理論、觀念、技巧n討論、思考問題n活動n參考書籍為生計為生計：需要找到一份工作？我是誰我是誰：我有甚麼可用於工作的興趣和長處？甚麼是我認為重要的？我有甚麼
3、使命和任務我有甚麼使命和任務：我如何能透過我的工作產生影響 (make a difference)？生涯規劃(Career and Life Planning)的範圍我的人生目標是什麼？我在世界有什麼任務？我能如何使用我的時間？我如何運用時間做一些可發揮自已的事？我如何增加生活的滿足感生存(Survival)自尊 (Self-Esteem)自我實現(Self-Actualization)(Meaning&Purpose)意義，目的生活/生命(Life)事業 -教育(Learning)-工作 (Work)ABCDEFA:職業介紹 Employment/Educational Counseling
4、/PlacementA&C:事業輔導 Career Counseling A-F:生涯規劃 Career and Life PlanningCareer Planning 生涯規劃(Leung,2005)n生涯規劃是一個深思熟慮的過程，讓人能整全地規劃一生，包括生命中重要的範疇，如工作、學習、人際關係和閒暇。這過程也要求人在其社會環境中按步驟積極地實施所定的計劃。“If you are not deliberate in your life planning,your tomorrow will be just like today.But if you plan with deliberat
5、ion,your tomorrow will be different from today.”生涯規劃的基礎信念(1)n任務、貢獻-你要相信每一項職業對社會都有其獨特的貢獻和重要性。“All work has its unique meaning and contribution.”生涯規劃的基礎信念(2)n意義、方向-你要動員在你內心中那尋求生命意義和方向(夢想)的動力。“Inside everyone there is a thirst for meaning and purposes.Some of us forgetabout the thirst because we do not
6、 believe there is water.”你的個人發揮你的使命經濟需要沒意義的工作：工作不能達成使命，也不能發揮自己你的個人發揮你的使命經濟需要缺乏使命感的工作!你的個人發揮你的使命經濟需要夢想是在生涯中達成使命、個人發揮、和經濟需要生涯規劃工作者要幫助學員：n嘗試從工作崗位中發揮貢獻和影響n建立職業志向(職志、召命，a sense of vocation)n願意在生涯的旅程中尋覓生命的方向和意義。生涯規劃的基礎信念(3)n要整全的規劃生命：你要思想如何能在工作、學習、休閒活動中達致生命意義和目標(包括夢想)。Life Goals,Dreams,etcPlaying(Leisure)L
7、earningWorkingLeisuren“In a world obsessed with work,leisure is a serious matter.The United Nations declared it a basic human right in 1948.”Carl Honore,In praise of slow,2004,p.187Leisure and Life Meaningn“.what we do with our free time gives texture,shape and meaning to our lives.”Carl Honore,In P
8、raise of Slow,2004,p.188Leisure and Quality of Workn“But you are more likely to sustain the intense effort needed to accomplish first-rate work in one area if you allow yourself some leisure time,some recreation,some time for solitude.”nHarry Lewis,Dean of Harvard Undergraduate School in a Letter to
9、 all Harvard Freshman(from In Praise of Slow,Carl Honore,2004,p.216)生涯的節奏與步伐忙碌的生涯是有效的生涯嗎？港人工時全球排第二n(星島)08月 10日 星期四 01:30PM(2006)瑞士聯合銀行（UBS）調查全球71個城市的僱員薪酬水平、工時和消費力，發現港人平均每年工作2,231小時，全球排第二，僅次於南韓首爾。其中小學教師和女售貨員的工時更是全球最長，每星期分別工作49和56小時。調查發現，港人的薪酬水平，在全球排40，在亞洲區排第五。YAHOO,August 2006Over-Work can become a D
10、isease!nIn Japan,there is a word called“karoshi”,which means“death by overwork.”n“In 2001,the government(of Japan)reported a record 143 victims of karoshi.Critics put Japans annual death toll from overwork in the thousands.”Carl Honore,“In Praise of SLOW”,2004,p.6.Work and Our Culture of“Speed”n“The
11、 problem is that our love of speed,our obsession with doing more and more in less and less time,has gone too far;it has turned into an addiction,a kind of idolatry.”Carl Honore,“In Praise of SLOW”,2004,p.4.“Evolution works on the principle of survival of the fittest,not the fastest.”The French Exper
12、iment(35 hour workweek)Transforming life stylesn“.the short workweek has revolutionized peoples lives.Parents spend longer playing with their children,friends see each other more often,and couples have more time for romance.”Carl Honore,In praise of slow,2004,p.170The French Experiment On Productivi
13、tynThose “who warned that the 35-hour workweek would send the French economy into instant meltdown has been proven wrong.The gross domestic product has grown,and unemployment,though still above EU average,has fallen.Productivity also remains high.Indeed,some evidence suggests that many French worker
14、s are more productive now.”Carl Honore,In praise of slow,2004,p.171Work-Life Balance:Work Hours and Productivityn“One of the most important things we learned.Was that people could be just as productive and sometimes even more so when they work fewer hours.”Carl Honore,In praise of slow,2004,p.177,qu
15、oting a study by Marriott Hotel to give managers the OK to leave office at any time after work is done.Pace and Quality of Learningn“A growing body of evidence suggests that children learn better when they learn at a slower pace.”nCarl Honore,In praise of slow,2004,p.219幫助青少年建立合理的生涯節奏和步代n善用工作、學習、和休閒
16、時間n建立合宜的生活節奏n不被電子科技或其它活動(e.g.,computer games,internet)約束生涯規劃的基礎信念(4)n生涯規劃包括探討你的不同生命角色，這些角色之間的關係/相互動力，角色的重要性，和他們與你的生命意義與目的的相關。工作者休閒者兒女學生配偶公民“Structuring your different life roles is an important part of career and life planning”如何在日常生活中充實地活出這些角色n工作者的角色只是生涯的一部分n想一想，在每一個角色中：q你想發揮甚麼特質(別人曾如的形容你)？q有何貢獻？q有
17、何結果？n青少年在一個角色活得精彩和充實，其積極性是可延續到其它角色的n決定甚麼事情是很重要和不很重要，學習排列生命的次序UrgentNot UrgentImportantA AB BNot ImportantCDDecide on Your Life Priorities.Prioritize An important Processn“We must learn to distinguish between what is“merely important”and what is“widely important.”A“widely important goal”carries serio
18、us consequences.Failure to achieve these goals renders all other achievements inconsequential”The Eighth Habit,Steven Covey,2004生涯規劃的基礎信念(5)n生涯規劃不只是看明天，也要看昨天和今天q要有勇氣面對昨天，超越成長障礙，並從以往不同的經驗中找尋“我是誰?”q要積極地生活於今天，擴闊對自己的了解和視野。q清楚了昨天和今天的我，我該如何小心走明天的路？PastPresentFuture“If you are looking for clues about tomor
19、row,the signs are to be found in your past and present.”個人輔導和事業輔導息息相關個人輔導和事業輔導息息相關n個人問題和事業有關的問題是相連的n個人發展和事業發展也相連n個人問題和事業有關的問題都會引起焦慮n相同的輔導過程和技巧Career CounselingPersonal Counseling“Seek first to understand,then to be understood.”nWhen we listen with the intent to understand others,rather than with the
20、 intent to reply,we begin true communication and relationship building.Steven R.Covey,The 8th Habit(2005,p.153)On Judgment and Compassion(1/2)nCompassion can never coexist with judgment because judgment creates the distance,the distinction,which prevents us from really being with the other.Henri Nou
21、wen(1981),The Way of The HeartOn Judgment and Compassion(2/2)n“Become a light,not a judge.Become a model,not a critic.”Steven R.Covey,The 8th Habit(2005)A Common Language,Regardless of Differences in Background and Experience“.the language that everyone on earth was capable of understanding in their
22、 heart,it was love.Something older than humanity,more ancient than the desert”(p.94).A Quote from“The Alchemist”,By Paulo Coelho生涯規劃 基礎理念(6)n生涯規劃的起點是要探索和了解個人的特性，包括需要、興趣、價值觀和技能，以確定個人的事業/生涯方向和目標。個人的特性YouInterestSkillsValues,Needs“The beginning point of a decision-making process is Exploration,not Deci
23、sion.”CrystallizationSpecificationImplementationVocational Developmental Tasks for Youth(Theory by Super)生涯規劃 基礎理念(7)n事業/生涯規劃在社會環境中實踐，是需要仔細考慮和妥協。“A good-enough choice is a good choice.”要清楚後補選擇n要作出有關職業和學業的選擇時，我們除了要確定首要選擇外，他要有些後補選擇(backup plans)。n我們要對後補選擇有足夠的認識先。若預先有足夠的心理準備，若我們真的得不到自己的首選，也較能接受不太理想的次選。
24、後補選擇是妥協嗎？n 我們首要的選擇可能是完整的理想和夢想，但次要或後補的選擇卻不是理想和夢想的完全破滅。n後補的選擇也可能達到部份甚至大部份的理想和夢想。n因此，後補選擇也不一定是妥協。不錯的選擇(A Good Enough Choice)Barry Swartz,The Paradox of Choice(2004)n“Learning to accept“good enough”will simplify decision making and increase satisfaction.”n“To become a satisficer,however,requires that yo
25、u think carefully about your goals and aspirations,and that you develop well-defined standards for what is“good enough.”Practice an attitude of gratitude Barry Swartz,The Paradox of Choice(2004)n“We can vastly improve our subjective experience by consciously striving to be grateful more often for what is good about a choice or an experience,and to be less disappointed less by what is bad about it.”生涯規劃 基礎理念(8)n生涯規劃相信，規劃人生的技巧和方法，是可以從輔導和教育的途徑學習得到。生涯規劃的宏觀目標n生涯規劃教育和輔導工作的一個宏觀目標，是要幫助當事人建立可用在不同人生階段的生涯規劃態度、認知、和技巧。
