1、Unit 2 Grammar关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句北师大新版必修北师大新版必修1走近新课走近新课一起感知一起感知语法探究语法探究一起思考一起思考随随 堂堂 练练 习习语法感知语法感知写出画线部分在句中所做的成分写出画线部分在句中所做的成分1.The man who robbed him has been arrested.2.Thats the best hotel that I know.主语主语宾语宾语3.Have you got the postcard which I sent you?4.The girl whom I saw told me to come b
2、ack today.宾语宾语宾语宾语知识脉络知识脉络语法精讲语法精讲定语从句定语从句(1)关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句关系词通常有下列三个作用关系词通常有下列三个作用:引导定语从句引导定语从句;代替先行词代替先行词;在在定语从句中担当某种成分。定语从句中担当某种成分。关系代词有关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等。等。1.关系代词关系代词that(1)即指人又指物即指人又指物:做主语或宾语做主语或宾语(做宾语时可省略做宾语时可省略)。(2)只用于限制性定语从句中只用于限制性定语从句中,介词后面不能跟介词后面不能跟that。当代当代替物时替物时,可以与可
3、以与which通用。通用。Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress(that)I gave her.昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。I have a friend that likes listening to classical music.我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。2.关系代词关系代词which(1)指物指物:做主语或宾语做主语或宾语(做宾语时可省略做宾语时可省略)。(2)在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中,只用只用which,不能用不能用that。在限制。在限制性定语从句中性定语从句
4、中,可用在介词之后。可用在介词之后。My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old.我的父母住在一座具有我的父母住在一座具有100多年历史的房子里。多年历史的房子里。The train,which is usually very punctual,was late today.这辆火车通常都很准时这辆火车通常都很准时,今天却晚点了。今天却晚点了。【即学即用】【即学即用】单句语法填空单句语法填空The book he bought is very interesting.I will never forget the day
5、s I spent with my grandparents in the countryside.I picked up the apples,some of are badly rotten.that/whichthat/whichwhich3.关系代词关系代词who,whom指人指人:做主语或宾语做主语或宾语(whom常可省略常可省略),先行词必须为人先行词必须为人,who可代替在从句中充当宾语的可代替在从句中充当宾语的whom,若前面有介词若前面有介词,须用须用whom。A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watchi
6、ng TV.“A couch potato”指那种花大量时间看电视的人。指那种花大量时间看电视的人。The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army.我两年前教的那个学生已经参军了。我两年前教的那个学生已经参军了。Her sons,both of whom work abroad,ring her up every week.她的两个儿子都在国外工作她的两个儿子都在国外工作,每周都给她打电话。每周都给她打电话。【即学即用】【即学即用】单句语法填空单句语法填空Jack,there is someone in the offic
7、e would like to speak with you.The boy I talked with just now is my best friend.that/whothat/who/whom单句改错单句改错Any man which has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.The girl whom often helps me with my English is from England.whichwho/thathomwho/that4.关系代词关系代词whose既指人又指物既指人又指物:做定语做定语,是代词的所有格形式。指物时是代词
8、的所有格形式。指物时,相当相当于于of which;指人时指人时,相当于相当于of whom。A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。(“whose parents”表示那个孩表示那个孩子的双亲子的双亲)The room whose window faces south is mine.那个窗户朝南的房间是我的。那个窗户朝南的房间是我的。【即学即用】【即学即用】单句语法填空单句语法填空We all like the teacher class is interesting and
9、creative.whose句型转换句型转换John is my best friend and his mother is our English teacher.John is my best friend is our English teacher.People are all interested in the movie and its leading part is Charlie Chaplin.People are all interested in the movie is Charlie Chaplin.whose motherwhose leading part注意注意
10、1.只能用只能用that不能用不能用 which的情况的情况(1)先行词是先行词是 all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词或先行词被等不定代词或先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰。等词修饰。All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。(2)先行词被序数词先行词被序数词,形容词最高级形容词最高级,the only,the v
11、ery等修饰等修饰时时,关系代词通常只用关系代词通常只用that不用不用 which。The first English novel that I read was Cities.我读的第一本英文小说是城市。我读的第一本英文小说是城市。This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。(3)先
12、行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词只用关系代词只用that不用不用 which。The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。就。The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace.外国游客高度赞扬
13、了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。他们的表演。(4)关系代词在限制性定语从句中做表语并带有类比含义时关系代词在限制性定语从句中做表语并带有类比含义时,通常只用通常只用that不用不用 which。He is no longer the star that he was.他不再是过去的那位明星了。他不再是过去的那位明星了。Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。(5)句中其他位置已出现句中其他位置已出
14、现 which,为避免重复不用为避免重复不用which而用而用that引导限制性定语从句。引导限制性定语从句。Which is the car that has overtaken us?超过我们的是哪辆车超过我们的是哪辆车?【即学即用】【即学即用】单句语法填空单句语法填空11He was the first person passed the exam.12Is there anything you want to buy in the shop?单句改错单句改错13I can remember well the persons and some pictures which I saw i
15、n the room.thatthatwhichthat 2.只用只用which不能用不能用that的情况的情况(1)介词放到关系代词之前形成介词放到关系代词之前形成“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构。结构。The house in which we live is very large.我们住的房子非常大。我们住的房子非常大。This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.这是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。这是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。(2)先行词为先行词为“those+表示事物的复数名词表示事物的复数名词”时时,关系代词通
16、关系代词通常只用常只用 which而不用而不用that。Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behaviour.学生应牢记那些规范他们的行为准则。学生应牢记那些规范他们的行为准则。A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published.书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。(3)在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中,先行词为物或者指代整个主句先行词为物
17、或者指代整个主句的内容的内容,则定语从句只用则定语从句只用which不用不用that引导。引导。He is always ready to help others,which makes him loved by those around him.他总是乐于助人他总是乐于助人,这使他受到周围人的爱戴。这使他受到周围人的爱戴。【即学即用】【即学即用】单句语法填空单句语法填空14Tom came back,made us happy.15This is the room in he lives.whichwhich将下列句子变为定语从句将下列句子变为定语从句1.The boy is my youn
18、ger brother.He was here a minute ago.The boy is my younger brother.答案答案:who/that was here a minute ago2.The old man is a professor.He teaches chemistry in a college.The old man is a professor.答案答案:who/that teaches chemistry in a college3.The woman is here now.You were talking about her.The woman is
19、here now.答案答案:(whom/who/that)you were talking about4.The season is summer.It comes after spring.The season is summer.答案答案:that/which comes after spring5.The building is my uncles.The wall is white.The building is my uncles.答案答案:whose wall is white6.I enjoyed reading the book.You gave me a book last week.I enjoyed reading the book.答案答案:(which/that)you gave me last week
