1、 Language and GrammarHumans and nature Focus on Language:Important words and phrasesFind the following words and phrases in the passage,and work out their meanings.1.收到的短信2.向进发的竞赛开始 3.食物储备4.在为做准备5.极地冬夜6.第一个做_receive messages from the race to beganfood basesin preparation for the total darkness of th
2、e polar winterthe first to do _ Focus on Language:Important words and phrasesFind the following words and phrases in the passage,and work out their meanings.7.拉雪橇8.前进速度很快9.遇到的麻烦10.准备回程11.感到震惊12.雄伟目标_pull the sledgesmake rapid progress have serious difficulties with prepare for the return journey be
3、shockedgoal of ambition_ Focus on Language:Important words and phrasesFind the following words and phrases in the passage,and work out their meanings.13.探险史14.食物短缺 15.天气状况16.绝望境地17.感到愉快_history of explorationrun out of foodweather conditions hopeless situation be cheerful_ Focus on Language:Importan
4、t words and phrasesFind the following words and phrases in the passage,and work out their meanings.18.在返程途中19.某人一路带回了20.证实 21.在遥远的过去22.一度_on ones way backcarry all the way with sb.prove that in the distant past at one time _ Focus on Language:Important words and phrasesFind the following words and p
5、hrases in the passage,and work out their meanings.23.行走艰难24.走向死亡25.的举动26.继续行进27.用某人最后的时间 做 _have great difficulty walkingwalk to ones deathit is the act of carry on spend some of ones last hours doing _ Focus on Language:Important words and phrasesFind the following words and phrases in the passage,
6、and work out their meanings.28.一封充满悲伤的信29.付出了多大的代价啊!30.震惊了世界_a letter full of sadness What a price to pay!shock the world_ 1.On his way，he received a message from 英译汉：英译汉：_ _ on ones way 在途中在途中on ones way home 在某人回家的途中在某人回家的途中Focus on Language:Difficult sentences在途中，他收到了来自在途中，他收到了来自的信息。的信息。2.During
7、the polar summer of 1910 1911,both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.英译汉：英译汉：_ _ in preparation for 在为在为做准备做准备make preparations for 为为做准备做准备Focus on Language:Difficult sentences在在19101910年到年到19111911年的极地夏天，两队进行年的极地夏天，两队进行了食物储备为下一年的旅程做准备。了食物储备为下一年的旅程做准备。英译汉：英译
8、汉：_ _ 3.First,his two sledges broke down,and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.Her health broke down under the pressure of work.她她因工作压力身体因工作压力身体_。But earthquakes do not break down our Chinese heart.但地震但地震_我们的中国心。我们的中国心。Focus on Language:Difficult sentences
9、垮掉了垮掉了打不垮打不垮先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重的问题。雪和严寒的天气下出现严重的问题。4.The next to go was Captain Oates,who was having great difficulty walking.英译汉：英译汉：_ _ have a lot of/much/little/no difficulty(in)doing sth.某人做某事很费劲某人做某事很费劲/不费劲不费劲Focus on Language:Difficult sentences接下来离开的是奥茨上校，他走路很困难
10、。接下来离开的是奥茨上校，他走路很困难。英译汉：英译汉：_ 5.They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag.shocked adj.感到吃惊的；感到惊讶的感到吃惊的；感到惊讶的 shocking adj.令人气愤的；令人憎恶的令人气愤的；令人憎恶的 be shocked at/by(doing)sth.因（做）某因（做）某事被震惊事被震惊Focus on Language:Difficult sentencesshock vt.使震惊；使难以置信使震惊；使难以置信 n.打击；震惊；震动；休克打击；震惊；震动；休克当他们看到挪威国旗时，感
11、到很震惊。当他们看到挪威国旗时，感到很震惊。6.The men were soon very tired and were running out of food.英译汉：英译汉：_ _ Focus on Language:Difficult sentences这些人很快就精疲力竭了，食物也快吃完了。这些人很快就精疲力竭了，食物也快吃完了。run out of=use up 用完；耗尽The petrol is running out.=We are running out of the petrol.汽油快用光了。Focus on Language:Difficult sentences拓展
12、sb.runs out of sth.某人用光某物sth.runs out 某物即将用完sb.uses up sth.某人用光某物sth.is used up 某物被用光sth.gives out 某物用完 7.Later,these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.英译汉：英译汉：_ _ Focus on Language:Difficult sentences后来，这些石块证明在遥远的过去南极洲曾被植物覆盖。后来，这些石块证
13、明在遥远的过去南极洲曾被植物覆盖。at one time 曾经有一个时期；一度曾经有一个时期；一度 Focus on Language:Difficult sentencesat a time at the timeat all timesat timesat other timesat no timein no time一次；逐一；每次一次；逐一；每次当时；在那时当时；在那时随时；总是随时；总是有时；间或有时；间或在其他时候在其他时候决不；在任何时候都不决不；在任何时候都不 立刻；马上立刻；马上拓展拓展 8.Scott and two of his team members carried
14、on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.英译汉：英译汉：_ _ Focus on Language:Difficult sentences斯科特和他的两位团队成员继续向前，到达斯科特和他的两位团队成员继续向前，到达距离食品储存处不足十一英里的地方。距离食品储存处不足十一英里的地方。carry on 继续继续走；继续走；继续行进行进 Focus on Language:Difficult sentencescarry on doing/with sth.继续做某事继续做某事carry out 实行实行/执行；完成执行；完
15、成carry away 带走带走；使失去自控力使失去自控力carry sb./sth.through 使渡过难关；完成使渡过难关；完成/实现实现carry off 赢得；获得赢得；获得拓展1.名词后缀名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis表示表示“做做某件事情或职业的人或物某件事情或职业的人或物”：worker,debtor 2)-acy表示表示“性质，状态，境遇性质，状态，境遇”：democracy,accuracy,diplomacy 3)-ance,-ence表示表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”：importance,dilige
16、nce,difference,obedience 4)-ancy,-ency表示表示“性质，状态，行为，过程性质，状态，行为，过程”：frequency,urgency,efficiencyFocus on Grammar:后缀1.名词后缀名词后缀 5)-bility表示表示“动作，性质，状态动作，性质，状态”：possibility,flexibility,feasibility6)-dom表示表示“等级，领域，状态等级，领域，状态”：freedom,kingdom,wisdom 7)-age:package,shortage,marriage8)-ant:assistant,account
17、ant,inhabitantFocus on Grammar:后缀1.名词后缀名词后缀 9)-hood表示表示“资格，身份资格，身份,年纪，状态年纪，状态”：childhood,manhood,falsehood 10)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition表示表示“行为的过程，结果，状行为的过程，结果，状况况”：action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction 11)-ism表示表示“制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为”：socialism,criticism,colloqui
18、alism,heroism Focus on Grammar:后缀1.名词后缀名词后缀 12)-ty表示表示“性质，状态，程度性质，状态，程度”：purity,reality,ability,loyalty,identity13)-ment表示表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果”：treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument 14)-ness表示表示“性质，状态，程度性质，状态，程度”：goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness 15)-cy:bankruptcy,liter
19、acy,democracy Focus on Grammar:后缀1.名词后缀名词后缀 16)-ship表示表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”：hardship,membership,friendship 17)-th表示表示“动作，性质，过程，状态动作，性质，过程，状态”：depth,wealth,truth,length,growth18)-tude表示表示“性质，状态，程度性质，状态，程度”：latitude,altitude(海拔海拔)19)-ure表示表示“行为，结果行为，结果”：exposure,pressure,failure,proce
20、dure(手续手续)Focus on Grammar:后缀1.名词后缀名词后缀 20)-grapy表示表示“学，写法学，写法”：biography,calligraphy,geography 21)-ic,ics表示表示“学，学，法法”：logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics 22)-ology表示表示“学，学，论论”：biology,zoology,technology(工艺学工艺学)23)-nomy表示表示“学，学，术术”：astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学生态学)Focus on Grammar:后缀2.形容词后缀形容词后缀
21、 带有带有“属性，倾向，相关属性，倾向，相关”的含义的含义 1)-able,-ible:visible,flexible 2)名词名词+-ish:foolish,bookish,selfish (注意注意accomplish,vanish)3)-ive:active,sensitive,productive 4)-like:manlike,childlike 5)名词名词+-ly:manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly 6)-ory:satisfactory,illusory7)-ic:realistic,specific,poetic,energetic8)-ic
22、al:physical,classical,economicalFocus on Grammar:后缀2.形容词后缀形容词后缀 9)-some:troublesome,handsome 10)-ful:beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful 11)-ous:dangerous,generous,courageous12)-ent:violent 13)-most:foremost,topmost 14)-less(表示否定表示否定)：countless,stainless,wireless 15)-al:personal,internal,critical,a
23、ccidental 16)-ary:necessary,primary,secondary17)-ious:religious,furious,precious18)-y:dirty,healthy,rainy,thirsty,sunnyFocus on Grammar:后缀3.动词后缀动词后缀 1)-ize,ise表示表示“做成，变成，做成，变成，化化”:modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize 2)-en表示表示“使成为，引起，使有使成为，引起，使有”:quicken,weaken,soften,harden 3)-fy表示表示“使使化化,使成使成”
24、:beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify 4)-ish表示表示“使，令使，令”:finish,abolish,diminish,establish 5)-ate表示表示“成为成为，处理，作用，处理，作用”:separate,operate,indicate Focus on Grammar:后缀4.副词后缀副词后缀1)形容词形容词+-ly：bad badly 严重地严重地/恶劣地恶劣地careful carefully小心地小心地 2)-wise：clock clockwise(adj./adv.)顺时针方向的顺时针方向的(地地);like lik
25、ewise同样地同样地 3)-ward(s)：out outwards 向向外面地，外面地，north northwards向北方地向北方地Focus on Grammar:后缀VIHomeworkWritingHomework 结合本单元句型，并运用部分重要词组，如结合本单元句型，并运用部分重要词组，如turn up,have difficulty(in)doing,fail to do,back out,as well as,in order to,tooto,be worth doing等，等，表达以下我的经历：表达以下我的经历：我第一次参加英语演讲比赛时很紧张以至于不知我第一次参加英语
26、演讲比赛时很紧张以至于不知说什么。我无法集中思想，准备放弃。但是，老师的说什么。我无法集中思想，准备放弃。但是，老师的笑脸和观众的热烈掌声鼓励了我。我先整理思路，然笑脸和观众的热烈掌声鼓励了我。我先整理思路，然后深呼吸以便保持冷静。虽然我没有得到名次，但我后深呼吸以便保持冷静。虽然我没有得到名次，但我被授予一个特别勇气奖。这让我一时难以相信。被授予一个特别勇气奖。这让我一时难以相信。这一天难道不值得庆祝吗？这一天难道不值得庆祝吗？Homework When I turned up for my first English speech contest,I was so nervous that
27、 I had great difficulty coming up with the words.I failed to concentrate and was about to back out.However,I was greatly encouraged by my teachers smiling face,as well as the audiences warm applause.First,I collected my thought and then I took a deep breath in order to stay calm.Although I was not the winner,I was awarded a special prize of courage,which I thought was too good to be true at that moment.It was really worth celebrating,wasnt it?
