1、UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE素养导航 主题语境人与自然环境保护 Should We Travel to the South Pole?YES.Lin Zhibin,14,from Zhejiang:I think we should travel to the South Pole.There are many beautiful animals such as penguins,seals and many other birds.We cannot bring them back to the zoos,so I think we can go and see them
2、 there.It is good for us to know more about the animals.Liang Luo,14,from Jiangsu:Traveling to the South Pole can help us to explore the worlds most mysterious continent of Antarctica.There are many things we still dont know about it.If we can travel there,the government may make money for their res
3、earch there.It is good for them to find some ways to solve environmental problems.Zhang Wen,13,from Shanghai:Now there are more and more people in the world.It is getting more and more crowded.If we can start traveling to the South Pole from now,maybe some day we can move to live there.Although it i
4、s cold and far from other continents,there are lots of resources there which we can make good use of.NOWang Qi,14,from Beijing:I dont think it is good to travel to the South Pole.It is the last pure land without factories or other products of human society.If we travel there,we will bring so much po
5、llution.Now,the ice in the South Pole is melting.We should not cause any more damage to the place.Zheng Yuan,13,from Jiangsu:The South Pole is a beautiful artwork of nature.Such a fantastic place is a treasure for people around the world.None of us has the right to make any changes to it.Sure there
6、are lots of resources in the South Pole,but we should not use them.It would cause so much damage to the ecosystem.He Maimai,14,from Shanxi:If we travel to the South Pole,we will make it another Asia,Europe,Africa or South America.Now people in the world want to go everywhere in the world.If the Sout
7、h Pole were opened to us,billions of people would want to travel there.It could cause great damage to animals there,and even the worlds ecosystems.词海拾贝melt v.融化ecosystem n.生态系统典句欣赏Although it is cold and far from other continents,there are lots of resources there which we can make good use of.译文:虽然南
8、极很冷而且远离其他大陆,但是那里有很多我们可以充分利用的资源。分析:本句的主干是there are lots of resources there;which we can make good use of 是定语从句,修饰前面的resources;Although it is cold and far from other continents是although引导的让步状语从句。探究思辨Which side do you stand by?What do you think of the South Pole exploration?答案:In my opinion,the South P
9、ole exploration is necessary and will benefit human beings.But the ecosystem there is quite weak.We should pay enough attention to it.The South Pole exploration mustnt be at the cost of environmental damage.Section ATOPIC TALK&LESSON 1.知识体系图解 重点词汇1.flood n.2.drought n.3.hurricane n.4.volcanic adj.5.
10、eruption n.6.wildlife n.7.landscape n.8.deer n.9.insect n.10.soil n.11.ecology n.洪水;水灾 旱灾;干旱飓风火山的;由火山作用引起的爆发野生动植物,野生生物风景,景色鹿昆虫土壤生态;生态学12.jungle n.13.greenhouse n.14.whirlpool n.15.wave n.16.float vi.17.file n.18.descent n.19.tidal adj.20.mystery n.21.soul n.22.edge n.23.barrel n.24.tube n.(热带)丛林温室,暖
11、房漩涡海浪;波涛浮;漂档案,卷宗下降,下落潮汐的,潮水的神秘事物,难以理解的事物灵魂边缘桶圆管,管子;(伦敦)地铁25.n.灾难;灾祸 26.n.评论;意见 27.adj.拥挤的;挤满人的 28.adj.活的,活着的 29.n.气候 30.vt.使震惊;使难以置信 31.n.讲座,讲课;演讲 32.vt.过度使用;滥用 33.n.百万 34.n.题目,标题 35.vi.&vt.逃离;逃避 36.vi.&vt.活下来;幸存 disastercommentcrowdedlivingclimateshocklectureoverusemilliontitleescapesurvive37.n.诗歌;
12、作诗的艺术 38.adj.受惊的,害怕的 39.adj.可怕的,吓人的,令人恐惧的 40.adj.好奇的 41.n.观察;观察结果 42.adj.相等的;相同的 43.n.面积;长度;范围;程度 poetryfrightenedhorriblecuriousobservationequalextent 重点短语1.all at once 2.in the direction of 3.at great speed 4.equal extent 5.be shaped like 6.pull.into.7.pick up 8.对好奇 9.对置之不理,对撒手不管 10.在边缘;某事快要发生(尤指不
13、好的事)突然间朝着的方向以很快的速度同样面积形状像把拖进接载be curious aboutturn ones back(on sb/sth)on the edge of重点句式1.The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.2.As you can see,the reason why Im here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.3.Some time after I left the boat,with my brother in it,it was p
14、ulled into the bottom of the whirlpool.重点语法定语从句(2).阅读导学A.阅读pp.30-31课文,将下列事件按照发生的先后顺序排序。A.I was saved by my old friends.B.We were caught in a terrible storm.C.My younger brother fell into the sea.D.We went over the edge of the whirlpool.E.We were going in the direction of the whirlpool.F.I made impor
15、tant observations in the urgent situation.G.I tied myself to a barrel and jumped into the sea to try to escape.H.My two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we fished.I.Our boat was on the inside of the whirlpool and went round in circles at great speed.J.Our boat was pulled into t
16、he bottom of the whirlpool with my elder brother in it.答案:HBCEDIFGJA B.阅读pp.30-31课文,选择最佳答案。1.What did the writer and his two brothers do when they were caught in the storm?A.They were fishing.B.They were playing on the islands.C.They were returning home.D.They were swimming in the sea.2.What made th
17、e brothers go in the direction of the whirlpool?A.The wind and waves.B.The brothers themselves.C.Nothing.D.The God.答案:A 答案:C 3.The writer tied himself to a barrel.A.to make himself heavier B.to help himself floatC.to make himself smaller D.to make himself lighter4.Which of the following can best des
18、cribe the storyteller?A.Lucky and brave.B.Brave and selfless.C.Humorous and curious.D.Intelligent and helpful.5.The passage is organised in the order of.A.space B.logicC.timeD.importance答案:A 答案:B 答案:C.阅读下列句子,注明其中的定语从句1.That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.2.One day,
19、my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others.3.As you can see,the reason why Im here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.4.I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fish
20、ermen were.答案:1.That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.2.One day,my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others.3.As you can see,the reason why Im here to tell the story is that I made the right decisi
21、on.4.I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were.重点词汇1.Comments 评论(教材p.28)【词汇精讲】comment既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词,意为“评论;意见”;用作动词时,意为“评论;发表意见”。常和介词on连用。The case caused a lot of comment.这个案件引起了很多议论。【词汇拓展】make a comment/comments on/about sth对发表评论comment
22、 on/upon sth对发表评论comment that.对发表评论/表达意见no comment无可奉告He made comments on/about details.他就细节问题发表了评论。He refused to comment on/upon your novel.他拒绝对你的小说加以评论。He commented that it was dangerous.他说这很危险。2.beautiful,quiet,green,busy,crowded 美丽,安静,绿色,忙碌,拥挤(教材p.28)【词汇精讲】此处的crowded用作形容词,意为“拥挤的;挤满人的”;也可意为“充满的,挤
23、满的”。However,our city is more and more crowded and polluted.然而,我们的城市越来越拥挤,越来越脏。We have a very crowded schedule.我们的日程排得满满的。【词汇拓展】be crowded with挤满了crowd n.人群;vt.挤满;塞满;使拥挤crowd into挤上;涌入The places of interest are crowded with tourists during holidays.旅游胜地在假期里挤满了游客。Everyone in the restaurant crowded aro
24、und them and started singing.餐厅里的所有人都挤在他们周围,开始放声高歌。He pushed his way through the crowd.他在人群中往前挤。A small crowd had gathered outside the church.一小群人聚集在教堂的外面。They had managed to crowd into a train.他们勉强挤上了一列火车。3.The two students were shocked at the lecture on nature.这两个学生听了关于自然的讲座感到震惊。(教材p.29)The news o
25、f Scotts death shocked the world.斯科特去世的消息震惊了全世界。(教材p.37)【词汇精讲1】shock在两句中都用作动词,意为“使震惊;使难以置信”;shock还可用作名词,意为“震惊;令人震惊的事;休克”。It shocks us when something like that happens.发生这样的事,真是让我们震惊。Neighbours were shocked that such an attack could happen in their area.竟有这样的暴力行为发生在这一地区,邻居们大为惊骇。He will be OK once he
26、gets over the shock.等他从震惊中恢复过来就没事了。His death came as a shock to us.听到他的死讯,我们都震惊了。He was taken to hospital after suffering from shock.他因休克被送进医院。【词汇拓展】shocked adj.感到震惊的shocking adj.令人震惊的be shocked at对感到震惊We were too shocked to talk.我们震惊得说不出话来。She brought shocking news.她带来了令人惊讶的消息。【词汇精讲2】lecture在本句中用作名
27、词,意为“讲座,讲课;演讲”,除此之外,lecture用作名词时还可以表示“训斥”的意思;lecture也可用作动词,意为“(开)讲座;讲课;训斥”。He is giving a lecture on modern art.他正在作一个有关现代艺术的讲座。Professor Nairns lectures are always very boring.奈恩教授讲课总是非常枯燥乏味。She lectures at the technical college.她在技术学院授课。【词汇拓展】a lecture on sth一个有关的讲座give sb a lecture教训某人lecture sb
28、about/on sth因某事教训某人My mother gave me a lecture about the harm of playing computer games.妈妈告诫我玩电脑游戏的危害。Mrs Reed often lectures her children about/on their behaviour.里德太太经常教训孩子们的行为。4.A fisherman is trying to survive a storm.一个渔夫正试图躲过暴风雨。(教材p.30)【词汇精讲】survive在本句中用作及物动词,意为“活下来;幸存”。它还可以用作不及物动词。The old ma
29、n survived an earthquake.那位老人经历地震而活下来。Of the six people injured in the car accident,only two survived.在这次车祸受伤的六个人中,只有两个活了下来。Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.人的生活是自然的一部分,因此,我们生存下来的唯一的方法就是与自然和谐相处。【词汇拓展】survivor n.幸存者;生还者survi
30、val n.幸存survive on靠存活Survival skills are very important for those people.生存技能对那些人来说至关重要。He is the only survivor of the accident.他是那次事故的唯一幸存者。He cant survive on 50 yuan a week.一周50元,他无法维持生活。5.The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.我一听到这个词就变得非常害怕。(教材p.31)【词汇精讲】frightened在本句中用作形容词,意为“受惊的;
31、害怕的”。He is too frightened to go out at night.他不敢夜间外出。【词汇拓展】be frightened to do sth害怕做某事be frightened to death吓得要死frighten vt.使惊吓;使惊恐frightening adj.令人害怕的She was frightened to death at the sight of so many snakes.看到这么多的蛇,她吓得要死。The noise frightened him a lot.那个声响吓了他一跳。It is frightening to think that i
32、t could happen again.想到此事可能会再次发生就令人不寒而栗。6.After a while,I became curious about the whirlpool itself.过了一会儿,我开始对漩涡本身感到好奇。(教材p.31)【词汇精讲】curious在本句中用作形容词,意为“好奇的”。The old woman is unbearably curious about other peoples business.这个老太太爱打听别人的事,这令人不能忍受。【词汇拓展】be curious about对好奇be curious to do sth很想做某事curiou
33、sly adv.好奇地;奇怪地curiosity n.好奇心out of curiosity出于好奇satisfy ones curiosity满足某人的好奇心Dont be too curious about the things you are not supposed to know.不要对你不该知道的事情太好奇。I am curious to know if the rumour is true.我很想知道这谣言是不是真的。Curiously enough,a year later exactly the same thing happened again.说来也怪,一模一样的事情在一
34、年以后又发生了。I asked only out of curiosity.我只不过是出于好奇问问罢了。7.the second,between two objects of equal extent,round objects fell down less rapidly.第二,在两个同等大小的物体之间,圆形物体下落的速度较慢(教材p.31)【词汇精讲1】equal在本句中用作形容词,意为“相等的;相同的”;equal还可用作动词,意为“比得上;等于”;用作名词意为“同等的人;相等物”。There should be equal pay for equal work.同工应该同酬。He cu
35、t the cake into six equal pieces.他把蛋糕切成了六等份。No one can equal him in math.在数学方面没有人比得过他。3 and 3 equals 6.三加三等于六。She treats the people who work for her as her equals.她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。【词汇拓展】be equal to胜任;相等equal sb in sth在某方面与某人匹敌be without equal=have no equal无与伦比;没有对手equally adv.平等地;同样地equality n.平等;相等N
36、obody can equal him in intelligence.没有人在智力方面能比得上他。We try to divide the work equally.我们尽量把工作均分。They are struggling for freedom and equality.他们正在为了自由和平等而抗争。【词汇精讲2】extent在本句中用作名词,意为“面积;长度;范围;程度”。It is difficult to know the full extent of the damage.损失情况难以全面了解。I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge
37、.他知识之渊博令我惊奇。You cant see the full extent of the beach from here.你从这儿看不到海滩全貌。【词汇拓展】to some extent在某种程度上to a certain extent在一定程度上to a great extent在很大程度上in extent就面积/长度/范围而言To a certain extent,we are all responsible for this tragic situation.在一定程度上,我们都对这悲惨的局面负有责任。8.Without waiting,I jumped into the sea
38、 to try and escape.没等多久,我跳进海里试图逃跑。(教材p.31)【词汇精讲】escape在本句中用作动词,意为“逃离;逃避”。另外,它也可作名词表示“逃避;逃离”。No one can escape from the prison.没有人能从这座监狱逃走。For her travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life.对她来说,旅行是为了从乏味的日常生活中暂时解脱出来。【词汇拓展】(1)escape from从逃跑,逃脱escape doing sth逃脱做某事escape punishment/bein
39、g punished逃脱惩罚escape sb被某人遗忘;未被某人注意escape ones notice 某人没注意escape death死里逃生(2)fire escape太平梯,安全梯;安全出口make ones escape逃跑a narrow escape勉强逃脱Before entering space,rockets must escape from the earths gravity.在进入太空前,火箭必须逃离地球的引力。There is no way to escape doing the work.没有办法逃避做该项工作。His name escapes me for
40、the moment.我一时记不起他的名字了。He made his escape on a rainy night.他在一个下雨的夜晚逃走了。重点句式1.The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.我一听到这个词就变得非常害怕。(教材p.31)【句式剖析】在本句中,名词词组the moment用作连词引导时间状语从句,表示“一就”,意义上和as soon as相近。有相同用法的还有the minute,the second等。Ill tell him the news the moment he comes.他一来我就告诉他这个消
41、息。He stood up the moment I called his name.我一叫他的名字,他就站了起来。The moment I saw him,I knew that he was angry with me.我一见到他,就知道他在生我的气。I was pulled onto the shore the moment I reached the surface.我一浮上水面,就有人把我拉上了岸。The moment the bell rang,the students rushed out of the classroom.铃声一响,学生都跑出了教室。【句式拓展】常用作连词的名词
42、词组还有every time,each time,the first/last time,next time等。Every time we make mistakes in our homework,he will ask us to correct them.每次我们在作业中出错,他总让我们把它们改正过来。Dont stop every time you come across a word you dont know.你不要每次碰到不认识的单词都停下来。They greet each other each time they meet.每次见面他们都打招呼。He came to like
43、the place the first time he came here.他第一次来这儿就喜欢这个地方。2.The first,the larger the bodies were,the more rapidly they fell.首先,物体越大,下沉的速度越快(教材p.31)【句式剖析】本句中含有“the+比较级,the+比较级”句型;这是一个固定句式,意为“越,就越”,相当于一个复合句,其中前面的句子是状语从句,后面的句子是主句。The more he gets,the more he wants.他得到的越多,就越想要。The more she learns,the more sh
44、e wants to learn.她越学就越想学。The harder he worked,the more he got.他工作越努力,得到的就越多。The longer the war lasts,the more people there will suffer.战争持续越久,那里的人们受难就越多。The more,the better.多多益善。The sooner,the better.越早越好。3.As you can see,the reason why Im here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.如你所
45、见,我在这里讲述这个故事的原因是我做出了正确的决定。(教材p.31)【句式剖析】在本句中,why引导定语从句,that引导表语从句,构成句式“The reason why.is that.”,意为“的原因是”。The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。The reason why he didnt come to school is that he got ill.他没来上学的原因是生病了。The reason why Jim mi
46、ssed the bus is that he got up late.吉姆错过公交车的原因是他起床晚了。The reason why Tom looked angry is that he quarreled with his sister this morning.汤姆看起来生气的原因是他和妹妹今早上吵架了。【句式拓展】That is why.那就是的原因It is because.这是因为He didnt go over his lessons;thats why he didnt pass the exam.他没有复习;那就是他考试不及格的原因。He failed the exam.T
47、hat was because he didnt work hard enough.他考试不及格。那是因为他学习不刻苦。4.Some time after I left the boat,with my brother in it,it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool.我离开了船一段时间后,船被拉进了漩涡的底部,我的兄弟还在上面。(教材p.31)【句式剖析】在本句中,“with my brother in it”是with复合结构。介词短语in it作宾语补足语。除此之外,形容词、副词、过去分词、动词的-ing形式和不定式也可以作宾语补足
48、语。Dont stand with your hands in your pockets.站着的时候别把你的双手插在口袋里。【句式拓展】with复合结构主要的考查方式是宾语补足语的非谓语形式和with的使用。在with复合结构中,不同形式的宾语补足语表示不同的用法。(1)动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行,和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。(2)过去分词作宾语补足语表示动作已经完成,和宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,也就是被动关系。(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作暂时没有发生,有将来的含义。(4)形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语表示宾语的特征或性质。With everything don
49、e,we went home.把所有的事做完以后我们就回家了。He lay on the grass,with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上,眼睛看着天空。With so much homework to do,he had to stay at home.有许多的作业要做,他不得不留在家里。She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见。She likes to sleep with the windows open.她喜欢开着窗户睡觉。He left the classroom with the
50、lights on.他开着灯离开了教室。重点语法定语从句(2)关系副词引导的定语从句一、常见的关系副词的用法1.when引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是表示时间的词,如time,moment,month,day,year等,when在定语从句中作时间状语。Do you remember the day when he was born?你记得他出生的日子吗?We dont know the exact time when they will return.我们不知道他们回来的确切日期。2.where引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是表示地点的词,如school,house,place,village等,
