1、V-ing非谓语非谓语概念及分类概念及分类 非谓语动词指在句中非谓语动词指在句中表示一个动作但不能充当谓语表示一个动作但不能充当谓语，而是充当，而是充当其他语法功能的词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有其他语法功能的词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有时态时态和和语态语态的变化的变化。V-ed V-ing To do表被动，表完成表被动，表完成表主动，表进行表主动，表进行表目的，表将来表目的，表将来与谓语动作的时间关系与谓语动作的时间关系与逻辑主语的主动与逻辑主语的主动/被动关系被动关系V-ing的形式的形式 Playing basketball makes me happy.Havi
2、ng studied computer is an advantage for him to find a job.He walked carefully to avoid being hit by others.He suggested taking the children to the zoo.与谓语动作的时间关系与谓语动作的时间关系与逻辑主语的主动与逻辑主语的主动/被动关系被动关系主动主动被动被动一般式一般式(与谓语与谓语同时同时发生发生)完成式完成式(先于先于谓语发生谓语发生)(not)doing(not)having done(not)having been done(not)be
3、ing doneV-ing(短语短语)的语法功能的语法功能 Collecting stamps is his hobby.Her job is keeping the hall clean.He admitted making a serious mistake.I heard him singing in the next door.Keep silent in the reading room.Working hard,you will succeed.主语主语状语状语宾补宾补定语定语宾语宾语表语表语V-ing(短语短语)作主语作主语 Playing basketball makes me
4、 happy.His coming here will be a great help.It s no use waiting here.There is no use crying over spilled milk.1.v-ing作主语，谓语动词用作主语，谓语动词用_2.v-ing前可用前可用_作逻辑主语作逻辑主语3.v-ing做主语的固定句式做主语的固定句式 It+be+a waste of time doing It is/was no good/use doing There is no doing物主代词物主代词/名词所有格名词所有格单数单数V-ing(短语短语)作表语作表语 Th
5、at movie is interesting.Her job is keeping the hall clean.1.v-ing作表语，用来表示主语的作表语，用来表示主语的_2.v-ing作表语，用来说明主语的作表语，用来说明主语的_性质或特征性质或特征内容内容V-ing(短语短语)作宾语作宾语 After winning the prize,she became famous overnight.He admitted taking the watch.He walked carefully to avoid being hit by others.Your shirt needs/req
6、uires/wants washing.Your shirt needs/requires/wants to be washed.1.v-ing可以作可以作_宾语或宾语或_宾语。宾语。2.need,require,want作作“需要需要”解时，后面可用解时，后面可用v-ing形式表被形式表被动，相当于动，相当于need/require/want to be done3.用用v-ing作宾语的动词有：作宾语的动词有：介词介词动词动词用用v-ing作宾语的动词有作宾语的动词有考虑建议盼原谅，考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏，否认完成停能
7、赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。不准冒险凭想象。consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse,pardon admit,delay/put off,fancy avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape forbid,risk,imagine V-ing(短语短语)作状语作状语语法功能语法功能 Hearing the knock on the door,they sto
8、pped talking.Being ill,she didnt go to school.He hurried out,leaving the breakfast untouched.Working hard,you will finally succeed.They stood there,watching the stars in the sky.Taking more care,I still made many mistakes.1.v-ing可以作状语表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步等可以作状语表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步等时间时间原因原因结果结果条件条件伴随伴随/
9、方式方式让步让步V-ing(短语短语)作状语作状语逻辑主语逻辑主语 Looking out of the window,the garden was beautiful.Looking out of the window,we found the garden beautiful.While reading the book,the telephone rang.While she was reading the book,the telephone rang.While reading the book,we heard the telephone ringing.2.V-ing作状语时，其
10、逻辑主语通常是句子的作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的_主语主语V-ing(短语短语)作状语作状语连词连词 Dont talk while having dinner.Dont talk,having dinner.Once losing this chance,you cant easily find it.Losing this chance,you cant easily find it.3.为使为使v-ing作状语所表达的时间、条件、让步等更明确，可在作状语所表达的时间、条件、让步等更明确，可在v-ing形式前加上适当的连词形式前加上适当的连词(when,while,though,onc
11、e,unless,if,even if等等)V-ing(短语短语)作状语作状语时间和逻辑关系时间和逻辑关系 Having been criticized by the teacher,he gave up smoking.Being stuck by the heavy storm,she felt hopeless.Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistakes.4.当当v-ing表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应使用完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应使用完成式：having done.5.当当v-ing
12、与句子的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系时，与句子的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系时，v-ing分词要用分词要用被动式被动式being done或或having been doneV-ing(短语短语)作状语作状语评注性状语评注性状语 有些惯用的有些惯用的V-ing 短语在句中中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，短语在句中中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表面说话者的态度观点它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表面说话者的态度观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语 generally speaking 一般来说；一般来说
13、；strictly speaking 严格来说严格来说 roughly speaking 大致来说；大致来说；broadly speaking 广义上来说广义上来说 narrowly speaking 狭义上来说；狭义上来说；judging from/by 由由.判断判断 considering 考虑到；考虑到；frankly speaking 坦率地说坦率地说 personally speaking 就个人而言；就个人而言；supposing 如果如果V-ing(短语短语)作状语作状语 和和 状语从句状语从句 V-ing作状语可以改写为状语从句或并列句。作状语可以改写为状语从句或并列句。He
14、aring the knock on the door,they stopped talking.When they heard the knock on the door,they stopped talking.Being ill,she didnt go to school.Because she was ill,she didnt go to school.He hurried out,leaving the breakfast untouched.He hurried out and left the breakfast untouched.Working hard,you will
15、 finally succeed.If you work hard,you will finally succeed.V-ing(短语短语)作定语作定语 a walking stick drinking water A barking dog seldom bites.He is a businessman growing rich in recent years.an interesting boy a drinking horse 1.v-ing作定语时，其逻辑主语通常是作定语时，其逻辑主语通常是_，表示被修饰，表示被修饰词的词的_或或_2.单个单个v-ing作定语放在被修饰词之作定语放在
16、被修饰词之_，v-ing短语短语作定语，作定语，放在被修饰词之放在被修饰词之_被修饰词被修饰词用途用途状态或特征状态或特征前前后后V-ing(短语短语)作定语作定语 和和 定语从句定语从句 V-ing短语作定语相当于定语从句。短语作定语相当于定语从句。He is a businessman growing rich in recent years.He is a businessman who grows rich in recent years.Have you ever been to the park being repaired by our company?Have you ever
17、 been to the park which is being repaired by our company?This is the movie that I have watched for many times.3.having done和和having been done不能作定语不能作定语V-ing(短语短语)作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 The boss kept the workers working the whole night.Can you smell anything burning?With so many people looking at her,she felt
18、nervous.1.v-ing作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语是作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语是_2.v-ing作宾语补足语，常放在宾语之作宾语补足语，常放在宾语之_,对宾语进行补充对宾语进行补充说明，表示一个说明，表示一个_和和/或或_的动作。的动作。3.常用常用v-ing作宾补的几类词：作宾补的几类词：感官动词：感官动词：see,watch,hear,feel,find,notice等等 使役动词：使役动词：make,get,have,leave,keep with复合结构复合结构宾语宾语后后主动主动进行进行非谓语作宾语补足语非谓语作宾语补足语感官动词感官动词 He noticed the wate
19、r running and turned it off.She saw the wounded man being carried into the hospital.I was glad to see the child well taken care of.Have you ever heard her sing an English song?Someone was heard to come up the stairs.runcarrytakesing1.see sb./sth.+doing 看见某人正在做看见某人正在做 being done 看见某人正在被看见某人正在被 done看见
20、某人被看见某人被 do看见某人做了看见某人做了2.当感官动词用于被动语态时，之后的非谓语当感官动词用于被动语态时，之后的非谓语(主语补足语主语补足语)要加上要加上tocome make+sb/sth+do 让某人让某人/事做事做 make+sb/sth+done 让某人让某人/事被事被 have+sb./sth.+do 让某人让某人/事做事做 have+sb./sth.+doing 使某人使某人/事一直做事一直做(否定句表容忍否定句表容忍)have+sb./sth.+done 使某人使某人/事被事被/遭受遭受 get+sb./sth.+to do 使某人使某人/事做事做 get+sb./sth
21、.+doing使某人使某人/事一直做事一直做 get+sb./sth.+done 使某人使某人/事被做事被做 leave sb./sth.doing 让某人让某人/物一直物一直 leave sth.undone 留下某事未做留下某事未做 leave sb.to do 让某人去做让某人去做 leave sth.to be done留下某事要做留下某事要做非谓语作宾语补足语非谓语作宾语补足语使役动词使役动词Practice Will you scream when _(see)a snake?_(receive)our invitation,Mr.Smith will come to our sc
22、hool to give us a speech tomorrow.The manager would like to see his plan _(carry)out as soon as possible._(finish)the project,he went to Germany for a short vacation.The woman was smiling when she saw his son _(award)a prize on the stage._(try)many times,he still couldnt overcome the difficulties._(
23、eat)at the cafeteria before,Tina didnt want to eat there again.seeingReceivingcarriedHaving finishedbeing awardedHaving triedHaving eaten The operator left hurriedly with the machine _(run).With the pianist _(perform)music on the stage,the atmosphere is quite romantic.The question _ at the meeting l
24、ast week is very important.The question _at the meeting next week is very important.The question _ now at the meeting is very important.The flowers need _(water)._ too much wine is harmful to your health.The Eleventh Chapter _(show)these days is really a good movie.runningperformingdiscussedto be di
25、scussedbeing discussedwatering/to be wateredDrinkingbeing shownPractice Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.你的同学没有及时回家让她的父母很担心。你的同学没有及时回家让她的父母很担心。Your schoolmates not coming home in time made her parents worried.After joining the Party,he took part in many battles against the Japanese invaders.Having worked at the project for many years,she shed tears with joy when receiving the prize.He found himself being followed by a wolf.Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.
