1、Unit 5 MusicDiscovering Useful Structures 过去分词作表语和作状语的用法 Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.终于婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。一、过去分词作表语1过去分词可放在连系动词be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等之后之后 作表语，表示主语所处的作表语，表示主语所处的状态状态。常见的这种过去分词有：
2、be interestedbe surprisedbe astonishedbe amazedbe movedbe exhaustedbe worriedbe devotedbe pleasedbe inspiredbe encouragedbe excitedbe delightedbe satisfiedbe scaredbe inspiredbe encouragedbe excited The library is now closed(状态)图书馆现在关闭了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday(动作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了
3、。一、过去分词作表语2过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作强调动作。We were amazed at what he said at the meeting 我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。His words were discouraging,which made many people discouraged 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。一、过去分词作表语3感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受人自身的感受或事物自身的状态事物自身的状态，常译作
4、“感到的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人的”。一、过去分词作表语I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel _(challenge).(2018全国卷)答案：challenged解析：考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。连系动词feel后要接形容词作表语。challenged adj.受到挑战的；challenging adj.困难的，富有挑战性的。由语境可知，填challenged。Im _(interest)in reading no
5、vels,_(write)by Jin Yong.我对金庸的小说很感兴趣。答案：interested；written1过去分词作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词when，while，until等，使其时间意义更明确。二、过去分词作状语过去分词表示完成或被动，作状语时，表示动作发生的背景或者情况，在意义上相当于一个状语从句，其省略的主语（逻辑主语）是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在被动关系。过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等。过去分词的否定式是将not放在其前面。Left(=When it was left)to itself in the
6、room,the baby began to cry.当被独自留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。2过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since，because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。二、过去分词作状语 Choked(=Because he was choked)by the heavy smoke,he could hardly breathe.他被浓烟呛到了，几乎不能呼吸了。3过去分词作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为由if，once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。Grown(=If they are grown)in rich soil,
7、these seeds can grow fast.如果被种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。4过去分词作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。二、过去分词作状语 Invited(=Though I was invited)by him,I wont take part in the party.即使被他邀请，我也不会参加聚会。5过去分词作方式/伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。She accepted the gift,deeply moved(=and she was deeply mov
8、ed).她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了。有些过去分词（短语）因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)。二、过去分词作状语 Lost/Absorbed in thought,he didnt hear the bell 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。二、过去分词作状语Everyone was silent,_(wait)to see who would be called upon to r
9、ead his or her paragraph aloud.(2018全国卷)答案：waiting解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。主语Everyone与wait为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填waiting。_(give)a few minutes,Ill finish the report.答案：Given解析：考查过去分词作条件状语。主语I与give为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，故填Given。可转换为条件状语从句“If I am given a few minutes.”。三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词过去分词与句子的主语主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾动宾关系，即表示被动被动；
10、现在分词现在分词与句子的主语主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓主谓关系，即表示主动主动。四、独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语有自己的逻辑主语，我们称之为独立主格结构独立主格结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构的构成：名词/代词+分词；名词/代词+不定式；with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式。四、独立主格结构The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began our holiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。The president assassina
11、ted(=Because the president was assassinated),the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被暗杀了，全国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。Weather permitting(=If weather permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。I stood before her with my heart beating fast.我站在她面前，心跳得很快。Look at the following sentences and underline the
12、past participles.Find more of them in the text.In pairs,discuss their functions.1 Born in the USA on 2 January 1970,Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.2 Moved by this music,he said,“It was like seeing color for the first time.”3 Inspired,he asked his fans to make video
13、s,which he then joined together into one performance.过去分词作状语，与句子主语过去分词作状语，与句子主语Whitacre为动宾关系，即被动关系。为动宾关系，即被动关系。过去分词作状语，与句子主语过去分词作状语，与句子主语he为被动关系，表伴随。为被动关系，表伴随。过去分词作状语，与句子主语过去分词作状语，与句子主语he为被动关系，表原因。为被动关系，表原因。Rewrite the story using past participles as the adverbial.1 Henry was highly interested in mu
14、sic and began to write original compositions when he was in high school.Highly interested in music,Henry began to write original compositions when he was in high school.2 They were pleased with his music and songs and finally invited him to perform in the Silver Hall.Pleased with his music and songs
15、,they finally invited him to perform in the Silver Hall.EXAMPLEThe Silver Hall is usually used for singing performances and is full of cheers and energy.Usually used for singing performances,the Silver Hall is full of cheers and energy.Rewrite the story using past participles as the adverbial.4 When
16、 he got absorbed in his world of music,he felt as if he could“see”the beauty of the world around him,like he had in his previous life.Absorbed in his world of music,he felt as if he could“see”the beauty of the world around him,like he had in his previous life.3 Though he was affected by gradual blin
17、dness soon after the performance,Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.Though affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance,Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was
18、 a relief and cure for his illness.Find out the differences in meaning and function between the newly written sentences and the original ones.Match the sentence halves and rewrite each sentence beginning with a past participle.1 The room had been painted in dark colours2 Dave was unemployed3 The gir
19、l was moved by his romantic words4 He was corrected by his teacher from time to time5 The album was recorded in a new way6 He was invited to perform on the stageA so he had time to consider what job he really wanted.B so he felt nervous and excited.C so it was expected to be popular with techno fans
20、.D so she accepted his gift.E so it needed some bright lights.F so he lost interest in singing.1 EPainted in dark colours,the room needed some bright lights.2 AUnemployed,Dave had time to consider what job he really wanted.3 DMoved by his romantic words,the girl accepted his gift.4 FCorrected by his
21、 teacher from time to time,he lost interest in singing.5 CRecorded in a new way,the album was expected to be popular with techno fans.6 BInvited to perform on the stage,he felt nervous and excited.Complete the passage with the words in brackets in their correct forms.Well known as a successful band,
22、the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities.They never ever give up.When _(question)by the media,they are not _(discourage)and practise even harder.They are improving themselves by attending several master training classes.They are united._(fill with)team spirit,they act as a whole,always
23、 aiming for glory.questioned discouraged Filled with Words and Phrasescapable adj._relief n._ _cure vt._ n._ _absorbed in sth/sb _有能力的；有才能的治愈；治好（疾病）；解决（问题）（焦虑、痛苦的）减轻或消除；（不快过后的）宽慰、轻松或解脱药物；治疗；（解决问题、改善糟糕情况的）措施被吸引住；专心致志previous adj._ unemployed adj._romantic adj._ n._album n._ impact n._aim n._ vi.&vt._ vt._ 失业的；待业的先前的；以往的浪漫的浪漫的人相册；集邮簿；音乐专辑巨大影响；强大作用；冲击力目的；目标力求达到；力争做到；瞄准目的是；旨在Words and PhrasesThank You!
