1、The Present Participle as Adverbial（现在分词做状语）现在分词做状语）-ing分词的构成分词的构成-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。构成。-ing分分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下列几种词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下列几种形式（以形式（以do为例）：为例）：主动形式被动形式一般式 doingbeingdone完成式 havingdonehavingbeendone-ing分词的否定形式是由分词的否定形式是由not 加加-ing分词构成分词构成。如：。如：Not knowing his address,I could do
2、 nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。The ing form as the Adverbial动词动词-ing 作状语作状语 V-ing 作状语时表示的动作是作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分主语动作的一部分，与，与谓语表示的动作或状态时谓语表示的动作或状态时同时或几乎同时发生的同时或几乎同时发生的，或，或是是先于谓语动词发生先于谓语动词发生，它的，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一逻辑主语与句子的主语一致致。V-ing 作状语常表示作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、
3、让步、结果伴随、让步、结果，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。I was feeling tired,so I went to bed early.I worked hard all day.I went to bed early.Feeling tired,I went to bed early.Having worked hard all day,I went to bed early.-ing分词的一般式和完成式：分词的一般式和完成式：-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行同时进行或几乎同时发生的动作；完成式表
4、示或几乎同时发生的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：Being a student,he was interested in books.作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。Not having studied his lessons very hard,he failed the examinations.因为没有努力学习功课，因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。他考试不及格。-ing分词的被动式分词的被动式-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分分词动作的承受
5、者。根据词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的分词动作发生的时间，时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式和完成被动式(having been done)。如：。如：Having been criticized by the teacher,he gave up smoking.被老师批评以后，他把烟戒被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。了。-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。现在分词作状语现在分词作状语-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词状
6、语从句，有时可由连词when,while引出。引出。如如：Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.他一边看书，一边不时地点头。Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如因状语从句。如：Notknowinghisaddress,Icantsendthisbooktohim.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。Beingsoexcited,Manyofuscouldntgotosle
7、epthatnight.因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一条件或让步状语从句。语，相当于一条件或让步状语从句。如：Using your head,you will find a way.Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。要我赔偿损失。注：注：-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。整个句子的主语。ing分词短语作结果状语。如：分词短语作结
8、果状语。如：His father died,leaving him a lot of money.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground,breaking it into pieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。片。The song is sung all over the country,making it the most popular song.-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、分词作伴随状语，可以放
9、在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：的动作。如：Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。Followingtheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词分词”结构在句中作状语，表示结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：Hishairb
10、ecamegreywith the years passing.随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。Without anyone noticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。独立成分：独立成分：有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly)speaking,supposing(假设假设),judging from(从从判断判断),talking of（谈到谈到),spe
11、aking of（谈到）谈到）等。等。Generally speaking,girls are more careful than boys.Supposing you lose,what will you do?Judging from his accent,he must be from the north.Talking of travel,have you ever been to Beijing?After he heard a strong sound,he went out of the room for a look.=Hearing a strange sound,he we
12、nt out of.As the girl was seriously ill,she was taken to hospital immediately.Being seriously ill,the girl was taken to.be-being As she didnt know any French,she couldnt get any one to help her.Not knowing any French,she couldnt get any one to help her.Consolidation1.The secretary worked late into t
13、he night,_ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparingC.prepared D.was preparing2.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make3.”Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrilyC.ang
14、rily pointed D.and angrily pointing4._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving notC.Not having received D.Having not received5The missing singer was last seen _ the voice close to the bridge Aexercising Bto be exercising Cexercise Dto exercise 6.The directors discussed the proj
15、ect that they would like to see _ the next year Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out7._theclassroom,thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch.A.TocleanB.HavingcleanedC.CleanedD.Cleaning8.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.“A.readB.read
16、sC.toreadD.reading9._fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge10._fortheterribleaccident,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.A.HavingblamedB.ToblameC.BeingtobeblameD.Beingtoblame11.Wesleptwiththelight_allnightlonglastnight.A.burntB.toburnC.beingburntD.burning12._hermotherhadcome,herfacelitup.A.HearingB.HavingheardC.WhenhearingD.Whensheheard
