1、第1页，共133页。第一节：分译与合译第一节：分译与合译 第二节：被动语态的译法第二节：被动语态的译法 第三节：名词从句的译法第三节：名词从句的译法 第四节第四节:定语从句的译法定语从句的译法 第五节：状语从句的译法第五节：状语从句的译法 第六节：长句的译法第六节：长句的译法第2页，共133页。第一节第一节分分 译译 与与 合合 译译第3页，共133页。英译汉时，如果一个英语句子不能用一个汉语单句清楚地表达出来，我们可以把原句拆开，用两个或两个以上汉语单句来表达，这叫做分译分译(Division).第4页，共133页。1 S o I s w a m a n d,presumably becau
2、se of the long absence of foreigners from Sichuan,before an undeservedly large and enthusiastic audience.第5页，共133页。于是我就下水游泳了；大概于是我就下水游泳了；大概在四川省人们很久没见过外在四川省人们很久没见过外国人了，所以我游泳时，旁国人了，所以我游泳时，旁边有一大群热心的观众；而边有一大群热心的观众；而单凭我的游泳技术是不配引单凭我的游泳技术是不配引来这样一大群观众的。来这样一大群观众的。第6页，共133页。2.When someone asks me what busines
3、s I am in,I become embarrassed.I stutter and stammer.My face feels hot.当有人问我从事什么职业时，当有人问我从事什么职业时，我感到很尴尬，脸发烫，结结我感到很尴尬，脸发烫，结结巴巴地难以启齿。巴巴地难以启齿。第7页，共133页。I分译法的使用分译法的使用 A单词的分译单词的分译 将原文中的一个单词分离出来单将原文中的一个单词分离出来单独译为汉语的一个句子，使原文的独译为汉语的一个句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个以上的汉语单一个句子分译成两个以上的汉语单句。可能进行分译的单词有：句。可能进行分译的单词有：(1)形容词形容词第8
4、页，共133页。3.He is having an identifiable trouble with his teeth.他正患牙病，他正患牙病，这是大家都看得这是大家都看得出来的出来的。4.The day dawned misty and overcast.那天天亮时那天天亮时雾气很重，天上布雾气很重，天上布满乌云。满乌云。第9页，共133页。5.As a shy young visitor to Einsteins home,I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said,”I have something to show you.”小时候有一
5、次去爱因斯坦家作客，小时候有一次去爱因斯坦家作客，由于由于我很腼腆我很腼腆，他就对我说：，他就对我说：“我我有样东西给你看。有样东西给你看。”于是我便感到于是我便感到不拘束了。不拘束了。第10页，共133页。(2)副词副词 6.Frankly,are you interested in going?你说实话你说实话，有兴趣吗？，有兴趣吗？7.Not surprisingly,those who were praised improved dramatically.那些受到表扬的人进步显著那些受到表扬的人进步显著，这是，这是不足为怪的不足为怪的。第11页，共133页。8.Characterica
6、lly,Mr.Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.哈罗德先生没有表露自己的感哈罗德先生没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色，心领神会。情，只是察言观色，心领神会。这是他的性格。这是他的性格。第12页，共133页。（3）动词）动词 9.We recognize and share Chinas resolve to resist the attempts of any nation which seeks to establish global or regional hegemony.我们认识到中国决心抵抗任何国我们认识到中国
7、决心抵抗任何国家寻求建立全球霸权和地区霸权家寻求建立全球霸权和地区霸权的企图，的企图，我们也有这样的决心我们也有这样的决心。第13页，共133页。（4）名词）名词 10.She left home a child and came back a mother of three children.离家时她还是个孩子离家时她还是个孩子，回来时，回来时已已是是三个孩子的妈妈了。三个孩子的妈妈了。第14页，共133页。11.As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane,it was an excellent site,its remot
8、eness effectively masking its activity.作为新型飞机的训练基地，这是作为新型飞机的训练基地，这是一个非常理想的地方；一个非常理想的地方；因为它地处因为它地处边陲边陲，人们不容易了解其中的活动。，人们不容易了解其中的活动。第15页，共133页。B短语分译短语分译 将原文中的一个短语译为一个句将原文中的一个短语译为一个句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的汉语句子。可能个或两个以上的汉语句子。可能进行分译的短语有：进行分译的短语有：（1）分词短语）分词短语第16页，共133页。12.He was dressed,sitting
9、 by the fire,looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years.他已穿好衣服，坐在火炉旁。他已穿好衣服，坐在火炉旁。这个这个9岁的男孩看上去病得很厉岁的男孩看上去病得很厉害，一副可怜巴巴的模样。害，一副可怜巴巴的模样。第17页，共133页。13.He handed me my draft of the plan completely modified.他把我的计划草案交还了我，他把我的计划草案交还了我，内容全改动了内容全改动了。第18页，共133页。（2）介词短语）介词短语 14.The fire started during
10、the workmens dinner hour.工人们吃饭时工人们吃饭时，发生了火灾。，发生了火灾。15.With all his faults,I like him.尽管他有种种缺点尽管他有种种缺点，我还是喜，我还是喜欢他。欢他。第19页，共133页。（3）名词短语）名词短语 16.Alice,normally a timid girl,argued heatedly with them about it.阿丽丝平时是个腼腆的姑娘阿丽丝平时是个腼腆的姑娘，现在也和他们热烈地辩论起来。现在也和他们热烈地辩论起来。第20页，共133页。17.You should consult your ad
11、visor,Dr.John H.Olson,Room 125D Science Wing,Phone 715 232-2604,concerning the planning of your program.你应找你的指导教师约翰你应找你的指导教师约翰.H.奥尔奥尔森博士商量你的计划。森博士商量你的计划。他在理科他在理科侧楼侧楼125D房间，电话是房间，电话是715232-2604。第21页，共133页。C长句分译长句分译 长句分译这里主要是指长句分译这里主要是指将含有一个或多个定语将含有一个或多个定语从句的英语长句分译为从句的英语长句分译为两个或多个汉语句子。两个或多个汉语句子。第22页，共
12、133页。1 8.B u t u n d e r n e a t h t h e sympathetic talk,they actually feel a little wistful envy of the men who brave the winds,rain,snow,cold,and storms upon the restless water.然而，在这种富于同情的闲聊下面，然而，在这种富于同情的闲聊下面，他们实际上都有着一种强烈的羡慕他们实际上都有着一种强烈的羡慕之情；他们羡慕那些在惊涛骇浪中之情；他们羡慕那些在惊涛骇浪中搏风斗雨、傲雪顶寒的人们。搏风斗雨、傲雪顶寒的人们。第2
13、3页，共133页。19.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they havent.第24页，共133页。一位年轻女士与一位少校展一位年轻女士与一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻女士开了热烈的讨论。年轻女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，认为，妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳
14、到椅子上，少校则就吓得跳到椅子上，少校则不以为然。不以为然。第25页，共133页。20.We have nothing to do with David Swan until we find him at the age of twenty on the main road from his home to the City of Boston where his uncle,a businessman,is going to give him work in the store which he owns.第26页，共133页。我们与戴维我们与戴维.斯旺本来毫无关斯旺本来毫无关系。直到有一天
15、，我们见到系。直到有一天，我们见到20岁的他离家上了大路，去岁的他离家上了大路，去波士顿他舅舅家。他舅舅是波士顿他舅舅家。他舅舅是做生意的，开了个店，安排做生意的，开了个店，安排他去那里做事。他去那里做事。第27页，共133页。II合译法的使用合译法的使用 A将两个或两个以上的英语简单将两个或两个以上的英语简单句合译为一个汉语单句句合译为一个汉语单句 21.It was 2 a.m.on a hot August night.In a San Francisco suburb,a man staggered out of a bar.一个炎热的一个炎热的8月夜晚凌晨两点钟，月夜晚凌晨两点钟，在
16、旧金山郊区，有个人摇摇晃晃在旧金山郊区，有个人摇摇晃晃的走出酒吧间。的走出酒吧间。第28页，共133页。22.People are the same everywhere.They are born.They are babies.They are children.They are adults.They grow old.They die.各地的人都是一样的。人们生下各地的人都是一样的。人们生下来都要经历从婴儿、儿童、成年来都要经历从婴儿、儿童、成年人直至衰老死亡的各个人生阶段。人直至衰老死亡的各个人生阶段。第29页，共133页。B将英语的并列句合译为汉语单句将英语的并列句合译为汉语单句
17、23.Her dress was grey and plain,but it fitted her body nicely.她一身素装简单而合身。第30页，共133页。C将英语的主从复合句译为汉将英语的主从复合句译为汉语单句语单句 24.Thats the only thing we can do now.目前我们只能这样做。目前我们只能这样做。第31页，共133页。25.Thats why you should put one item of information on each of information card.因而每张资料卡上只应记一条因而每张资料卡上只应记一条资料。资料。第32
18、页，共133页。D将两个或两个以上的英语简将两个或两个以上的英语简单句合译为汉语的一个联合复单句合译为汉语的一个联合复句句 26.Pitcher was a quiet man.He didnt usually let his face show his feelings.皮切尔不爱说话，也不轻易在皮切尔不爱说话，也不轻易在脸上显露喜怒哀乐。脸上显露喜怒哀乐。第33页，共133页。第二节第二节被被 动动 语语 态态 的的 译译 法法第34页，共133页。I英语被动语态的用法英语被动语态的用法 英语中被动语态的使用比汉英语中被动语态的使用比汉语较为普遍。英语句子在下语较为普遍。英语句子在下列情况
19、下一般使用被动语态：列情况下一般使用被动语态：A不必或者无法说明主动不必或者无法说明主动者是谁者是谁第35页，共133页。1.T h i s b o o k h a s b e e n translated into several foreign language.该书已经译成了好几种外国该书已经译成了好几种外国语言。语言。第36页，共133页。B谈话的中心是承受者谈话的中心是承受者而不是主动者而不是主动者2.The machine here are all made in China.这儿的所有机器都是中这儿的所有机器都是中国制造的。国制造的。第37页，共133页。C出于礼貌，不愿说明谁是
20、出于礼貌，不愿说明谁是主动者主动者 3.Im flattered.你过奖了。（不可译成：我你过奖了。（不可译成：我受到了奉承。）受到了奉承。）第38页，共133页。D为了使句子易于安排为了使句子易于安排 4.Unfortunately,their plan failed and we mercilessly criticized by their opponents.不幸的是，他们的计划失败了，不幸的是，他们的计划失败了，并且遭到了反对者们的批评。并且遭到了反对者们的批评。第39页，共133页。II被动语态的译法被动语态的译法 A汉语的被动语态一般带有汉语的被动语态一般带有“被被”、“受受”、
21、“由由”等词。等词。有时英文原句的被动语踏可以译有时英文原句的被动语踏可以译成带有成带有“被被”、“受受”、“由由”等词的汉语被动结构等词的汉语被动结构第40页，共133页。5.Both the father and the son were thrown into prison.父子倆都被投进了监狱。父子倆都被投进了监狱。6.Wherever she went,the princess was welcomed with great enthusiasm.无论走到哪儿，公主都受到非常无论走到哪儿，公主都受到非常热烈的欢迎。热烈的欢迎。第41页，共133页。7.The children wer
22、e taken c a r e o f b y t h e i r grandparents when we were away.当我们不在时，孩子们当我们不在时，孩子们由他们的祖父母照看。由他们的祖父母照看。第42页，共133页。B.应该注意绝不可以滥用应该注意绝不可以滥用“被被”字字 如，如，This book was written in 1912.不可译成不可译成“这本书是这本书是1912年被写的年被写的”，而译成，而译成“这本书这本书写于写于1912年较妥。所以，在许年较妥。所以，在许多情况下，应该用其他形式来多情况下，应该用其他形式来翻译英文的被动语态。翻译英文的被动语态。第43页
23、，共133页。（1）译成主动式）译成主动式 8.This project should be finished as soon as possible.这项工程应该尽早这项工程应该尽早完成完成。第44页，共133页。9.This must be made clear to everybody.这一点必须向大家讲这一点必须向大家讲明白明白。10.This issue is not much talked about in China.在中国（人们）很少谈论这个在中国（人们）很少谈论这个问题问题。第45页，共133页。11.She is dressed in red.她身穿她身穿红色的衣服。红色的
24、衣服。12.We are convinced that our team will win.我们我们相信相信我对讲获胜。我对讲获胜。第46页，共133页。13.The gun is loaded.枪枪装有子弹。装有子弹。14.The gun was quickly loaded again.枪很快又枪很快又被装上了子弹。被装上了子弹。第47页，共133页。15.University of Electronic Science and Technology of China is located in the eastern part of Chengdu City.电子科技大学电子科技大学位于
25、位于成都市的成都市的东部。东部。第48页，共133页。（2）译成无主语的句子）译成无主语的句子 16.Smoking(is)prohibited.严禁吸烟。严禁吸烟。第49页，共133页。17.It is said that the old man is a millionaire.据说那老头是个百万富翁。据说那老头是个百万富翁。18.It is well known that Hong Kong has been part of China since ancient times.众所周知（大家知道）香港自众所周知（大家知道）香港自古就是中国的一部分。古就是中国的一部分。第50页，共133页
26、。It is reported that 据报据报 It is supposed that 据推测据推测 It is hoped that 希望希望 It must be pointed out that 必须指出必须指出 第51页，共133页。It must be admitted that It must be admitted that 必须承认必须承认 It is believed that It is believed that 有人相信有人相信 It is generally considered It is generally considered that that 大家认为大
27、家认为 第52页，共133页。It will be said that It will be said that 有人会说有人会说 It was told that It was told that 有人曾说有人曾说 第53页，共133页。(3)(3)译成其他特定的汉语句译成其他特定的汉语句型型19.We19.We were very much were very much impressed byimpressed by what she what she had said.had said.我们为她的言语我们为她的言语深深打动。深深打动。第54页，共133页。20.Everybody in
28、 the room 20.Everybody in the room was was shocked byshocked by his thundering his thundering voice.voice.他那雷鸣般的嗓音把房间里所有他那雷鸣般的嗓音把房间里所有的人的人惊呆了惊呆了。21.The downtown area of 21.The downtown area of T o k y oT o k y o w a s p r a c t i c a l l y w a s p r a c t i c a l l y destroyeddestroyed by the earthq
29、uake.by the earthquake.地震地震几乎使几乎使东京城区东京城区完全毁灭完全毁灭。第55页，共133页。22.They22.They got married got married last last Sunday.Sunday.他们上个星期天他们上个星期天结了婚结了婚。2 3.J a c k2 3.J a c k g o t c a u g h t g o t c a u g h t slipping a note to Lisa slipping a note to Lisa during the exam.during the exam.在考试过程中杰克向莉萨递条在考试
30、过程中杰克向莉萨递条子时子时被发现了被发现了。第56页，共133页。第三节第三节名名 词词 从从 句句 的的 译译 法法第57页，共133页。I I主语从句的译法主语从句的译法含主语从句的句型有含主语从句的句型有1)“1)“主语从句主语从句+主句谓语主句谓语+其其他成分他成分”；2)“2)“形式主语形式主语it+it+主句谓语主句谓语+主语从句主语从句”。第58页，共133页。A.A.上述第一种句型一般用上述第一种句型一般用顺译法顺译法 1 1That she survived the That she survived the earthquake is sheer luck.earthqu
31、ake is sheer luck.她在地震中幸免于难纯靠运她在地震中幸免于难纯靠运气。气。第59页，共133页。2.Who ever breaks the 2.Who ever breaks the regulations deserves a fine.regulations deserves a fine.违规者应予罚款。违规者应予罚款。3.Which result is correct 3.Which result is correct remains to be studied.remains to be studied.哪个结果正确，还有待研究。哪个结果正确，还有待研究。第60页，
32、共133页。4.What little she said has 4.What little she said has left us much to think about.left us much to think about.她说的短短几句话很发人深思。她说的短短几句话很发人深思。5.That he was in error will 5.That he was in error will scarcely be disputed by his scarcely be disputed by his warmest friends.warmest friends.他弄错了，而他那些真诚的
33、朋友对他弄错了，而他那些真诚的朋友对此不会提出质疑此不会提出质疑 第61页，共133页。B.B.翻译第二种句型的句子，除翻译第二种句型的句子，除需省译形式主语需省译形式主语itit外，还需根外，还需根据汉语的表达习惯，有的用顺据汉语的表达习惯，有的用顺译，有的用倒译，有的两者均译，有的用倒译，有的两者均可，有时主从合译可，有时主从合译（1 1）顺译）顺译第62页，共133页。6.It hasnt been made clear 6.It hasnt been made clear when the new expressway is to when the new expressway is
34、to be opened to traffic.be opened to traffic.还不清楚新高速公路什么时候通车。还不清楚新高速公路什么时候通车。7.It occurred to him that he 7.It occurred to him that he had forgotten to take his had forgotten to take his notebook with him.notebook with him.他突然想起他忘了带笔记本了。他突然想起他忘了带笔记本了。第63页，共133页。（2 2）倒译）倒译8.It doesnt matter 8.It does
35、nt matter where where we are going on holiday.we are going on holiday.我们去哪儿渡假我们去哪儿渡假都没关系。都没关系。9.Has it been announced 9.Has it been announced when the planes are to take when the planes are to take off?off?飞机什么时候起飞飞机什么时候起飞播报了没有？播报了没有？第64页，共133页。（3 3）顺译或倒译，两者均可）顺译或倒译，两者均可10.It is common knowledge 10.
36、It is common knowledge that the whale is not a that the whale is not a fish.fish.众所周知，鲸不是鱼。众所周知，鲸不是鱼。或：鲸不是鱼，这是众所周知或：鲸不是鱼，这是众所周知的。的。第65页，共133页。（4 4）主从合译）主从合译11.11.It is probableIt is probable that he has that he has got the clue for solving the got the clue for solving the problem.problem.他很他很可能可能已找到
37、解决这个问题的已找到解决这个问题的线索。线索。12.12.It seems It seems that that datum is that that datum is quite convincing.quite convincing.这个数据这个数据似乎似乎很有说服力。很有说服力。第66页，共133页。It is advisable that It is advisable that 是可能的是可能的 It is desirable that It is desirable that 最好是最好是 It is evident that It is evident that 很明显（或显然）
38、很明显（或显然）It is noteworthy that It is noteworthy that 值得注意的是值得注意的是 It is assumed that It is assumed that 假定假定第67页，共133页。It cannot be denied that It cannot be denied that 无可否认的是无可否认的是 It is preferred that It is preferred that 最好最好 It is reported that It is reported that 据报道据报道 It is said that It is sai
39、d that 据说据说第68页，共133页。It can be seen from this that It can be seen from this that 由此可见由此可见 It is well-known that It is well-known that 众所周知众所周知 It is a fact that It is a fact that 事实上事实上 It is no wonder that It is no wonder that 难怪难怪第69页，共133页。II.II.表语从句的译法表语从句的译法A A翻译表语从句一般用顺译翻译表语从句一般用顺译法法13.This i
40、s what we are 13.This is what we are firmly against.firmly against.这是我们坚决反对的。这是我们坚决反对的。第70页，共133页。14.Things are not always as 14.Things are not always as they seem to be.they seem to be.事物并不总是像表面上看来的那事物并不总是像表面上看来的那样。样。15.That is why we decided 15.That is why we decided to put the discussion off.to p
41、ut the discussion off.这就是我们坚决推迟讨论的原这就是我们坚决推迟讨论的原因。因。第71页，共133页。B B有时可将主从句合译有时可将主从句合译16.There is no air and 16.There is no air and water on the moon.water on the moon.Thats Thats whywhy no living things can no living things can live there.live there.月球上没有空气和水。月球上没有空气和水。因此因此生生物在月球上不能生存。物在月球上不能生存。第72页，
42、共133页。1717.That was how.That was how they they were defeated.were defeated.他们他们就是这样给就是这样给打败的。打败的。第73页，共133页。C C有时可用倒译有时可用倒译18.Raw material is18.Raw material is what what we are badly in need ofwe are badly in need of.我们急需的我们急需的是原料。是原料。第74页，共133页。IIIIII宾语从句的译法宾语从句的译法A A英语的宾语从句有三种：翻译英语的宾语从句有三种：翻译宾语从句一
43、般都用顺译法宾语从句一般都用顺译法 19.I cant make out what they 19.I cant make out what they are talking about.are talking about.我不清楚他们在谈什么。我不清楚他们在谈什么。第75页，共133页。20.She reminded me that I had 20.She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend that a meeting to attend that evening.evening.她提醒我晚上要参加一个会议。她提醒我晚上要参加一个会议。2
44、1.He was not conscious of 21.He was not conscious of what an important discovery he what an important discovery he had made.had made.他没意识到他的这一发现多么重他没意识到他的这一发现多么重要。要。第76页，共133页。22.You may be sure that he is 22.You may be sure that he is honest.honest.你可以相信他是诚实的。你可以相信他是诚实的。23.We are certain that well
45、23.We are certain that well be able to accomplish the be able to accomplish the designing in a short period of designing in a short period of time.time.我们肯定能在短期内完成这项设我们肯定能在短期内完成这项设计。计。第77页，共133页。B B介词宾语从句若位为位于句介词宾语从句若位为位于句首，有时根据汉语习惯，采用倒首，有时根据汉语习惯，采用倒译法译法24.Did she say anything 24.Did she say anythin
46、g aboutabout how the work was to how the work was to be donebe done?关于这项工作该怎么做关于这项工作该怎么做她说了她说了什么没有？什么没有？第78页，共133页。C C英语中有时用英语中有时用itit作形式宾语，作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句末。译成而把宾语从句放在句末。译成汉语时，应将形式宾语省译，汉语时，应将形式宾语省译，而宾语从句则按汉语表达习惯而宾语从句则按汉语表达习惯要么用倒译要么用顺译要么用倒译要么用顺译第79页，共133页。25.We all thought it a pity 25.We all thought
47、 it a pity that the conference should that the conference should have been cancelled.have been cancelled.会议取消了会议取消了，我们都感到遗憾。，我们都感到遗憾。第80页，共133页。26.The teacher made it 26.The teacher made it clear to the students clear to the students that that they must hand in their they must hand in their composit
48、ions by Fpositions by Friday.老师给学生讲清楚了，老师给学生讲清楚了，必须在必须在星期五以前交作文。星期五以前交作文。第81页，共133页。IVIV同位语从句的译法同位语从句的译法 A A用顺译法将同位语从句译用顺译法将同位语从句译为汉语的独立句，并根据具体为汉语的独立句，并根据具体情况在前面加冒号、破折号或情况在前面加冒号、破折号或加加“即即”等表同位关系的词等表同位关系的词第82页，共133页。2727Then arose the Then arose the question question where we were where we were to ge
49、t the materials to get the materials neededneeded于是就产生了这样一个问题：于是就产生了这样一个问题：我们到哪里去找所需要的材我们到哪里去找所需要的材料。料。第83页，共133页。28.In July 1898,Madame Curie 28.In July 1898,Madame Curie and her husband got a great and her husband got a great success success that they discovered that they discovered the radioactiv
50、e element,the radioactive element,polonium.polonium.18981898年年7 7月，居里夫人和她的丈夫月，居里夫人和她的丈夫获得了很大的成功获得了很大的成功他们发现了放他们发现了放射性元素钋。射性元素钋。第84页，共133页。29.29.The name“volcano”The name“volcano”indicates the belief of the indicates the belief of the ancient Greeks ancient Greeks that the that the b u r n i n g h i
