1、2021/7/261(最新整理)大学英语时态12021/7/262英语时态讲座英语时态讲座2021/7/263何谓动词时态：英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表达，这种动词形式称作动词时态。动作或状态发生的时间可以有“现在”、“过去”、“将来”、和“过去将来”四种,发生的方式有“一般”、“进行”、“完成”和“完成进行”四种。2021/7/264一般现在时 (The Present Indefinite Tense)现在进行时 (The Present Continuous Tense)一般将来时 (The Future Indefinite Tense)现在完成时 (
2、The Present Perfect Tense)一般过去时 (The Past Indefinite Tense)过去进行时 (The Past Continuous Tense)过去将来时 (The Past Future Tense)过去完成时 (The Past Perfect Tense)2021/7/265(一般现在时)(现在进行时)(现在完成时)（过去进行时）Make out what tenses they are.2021/7/266(过去完成时)（过去将来时）(一般将来时)（一般过去时）2021/7/267Now lets analyze each tense.一、一般现
3、在时一、一般现在时(The Present Indefinite Tense)1、用法:（1）表示经常反复发生的动作Father often _(go)to work on foot.goes（2）表示现在的状态或主语的特征He _(be)busy at the moment.is（3）表示客观真理、谚语等Trains _(run)faster than cars.run2021/7/268（4）用于时间或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。We will go to the park if it _(not rain)tomorrow.We will leave for home as
4、 soon as the meeting _(be)over tomorrow.(5)表将来的时间有些动词,如begin,come,go,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,dine,end,open,close,be等Tomorrow is Friday.The train leaves at 10 p.m.doesnt rainis2021/7/2692、常与下列时间状语连用:通常与表示频度（即动作发生的次数多少）意义的副词或词组连用.For example:always,often,usually,seldom,never,every day,from time
5、 to time,now and then,once a month,twice a year,generally,etc2021/7/2610二、现在进行时现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)1、用法：、用法：（1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。）表示说话时正在进行的动作。The dog _(run)after a cat now.is running（2）表示一阶段正在进行的动作（但说）表示一阶段正在进行的动作（但说话时不一定进行）话时不一定进行）They_(build)the restaurant these days.(3)表示按计划安排要发生的动作表示按
6、计划安排要发生的动作:I am leaving by the night train.are building2、常用时间状语：、常用时间状语：now,at the moment,these years,etc.动词:look!Listen!Watch out!2021/7/26114、须注意的问题：某些表示感官知觉与心理状态的动词一般不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。For example:see,hear,smell,taste,think,like,hate,want,know,have,wish,etc.He wants to visit his grandfather now.3.非动
7、态动词的现在进行体They are friendly.他们很友好They are being friendly.他们这次表示友好.2021/7/2612三、一般将来时一般将来时(The Future Indefinite Tense)1、用法、用法：表示将来某个时刻将要发生的动作或存在的状态。They _(fly)to Japan the day after tomorrow.will fly2、常与下列时间状语连用：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next week,next year,this week,this coming Saturday,tonigh
8、t,in an hour,soon,etc.2021/7/26133、句子基本结构：肯定句：S+shall/will/be going to+动词原形+否定句:S+shall/will/be going to+not+动词原形+疑问句:Shall/will/+S+动词原形?Am/Is/Are+S+going to+动词原形?口语中大量使用be going to 结构表示事先打算，有意图要发生的动作或客观情况下即将要发生的动作。For example:Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.2021/7/2614Miss Green _(come)to th
9、e party next Sunday.is coming(2)Look!The old man _(die).We must send him to the hospital at once.is dying4、须注意的问题：有些表示位置移动或状态改变的动词（go,come,leave,arrive,die 等等）,用它们的进行时来表示即将发生的动作。2021/7/2615四、现在完成时现在完成时 (The Present Perfect Tense)1、用法：1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果(1)They_(buy)a new house.（影响是他们有新房子住了）have b
10、ought(2)She_(lose)her ring.（影响是她现在没有戒指）has lost2)表示过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点或从句”连用。have learned(2)They_(stay)in this hotel since last Tuesday.have stayed(1)We_(learn)English for seven years.2021/7/26162、常与这些时间状语连用:already,never,ever,yet,before,twice,this month,so far,up to now,in the p
11、ast/last few years,since,for,etc.肯定句:S+have/has+动词过去分词+否定句:S+havent/hasnt+动词过去分词+疑问句:Have/has+S+动词过去分词+3、句子基本结构：2021/7/26174、注意的问题:1）have/has been to 与have/has gone to 区别:have/has been to 表示“曾到过某地”，说明有过某种经历。Have/has gone to 表示“已去某地”，在途中或已到目的地。(1)She _Qingdao（她已去青岛了）has gone to(2)I _Canada（我去过加拿大）hav
12、e been to2）瞬间动词与延续性动词的区别：瞬问动词表示短暂不能持续一段时间的动作。如come,go,leave,start,begin,buy,become,die等 而持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作。如work,stay,live,learn 等2021/7/2618Tell the following sentences true or false.I have bought the calculator for a week.()(2)I have had the calculator for a week.()FT 第一句动词buy 属于瞬间动词，瞬间动词不能与“for+时
13、间段”、“since+时间点或从句”连用，如果要用，必须将瞬间动词改成持续性动词。leave die buy put on borrow becomebe away be dead have wear keep be ajoin the army fall ill catch a cold go outbe in the army be ill have a cold be outfinish/end arrive here begin/startbe over be here be on2021/7/2619五、一般过去时一般过去时(The Past Indefinite Tense)1、用
14、法：1）表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。I _(go)to visit a friend of mine yesterday afternoon.went(2)He_(be)a soldier three years ago.was2）表示过去经常反复发生的动作。She often_(ride)a bike for half an hour every morning when she was young.rode She used to ride a bike for half an hour every morning when she was young.3）在时间、条件状语从句中代替过
15、去将来时。He said he would give her the book if he _(see)her.saw2021/7/2620yesterday,last week,two weeks ago,in,1956,once,once upon a time,a moment ago,just now,etc.2、常与下列时间状语连用:3、句子基本结构：肯定句：S+动词过去式+或 S+was/were+否定句：S+didnt+动词原形+或 S+wasnt/werent+疑问句：Did+S+动词原形+?或Was/Were+S+?2021/7/2621We _(have)a meeting
16、 thewhole morning yesterday.were having六、过去进行时过去进行时 (The Past Continuous Tense)1、用法：1）表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。He _(walk)down the street this time yesterday.was walking2）表示过去某一时间内正进行的动作。2021/7/26223）表示在过去某个过程发生的动作，这个过程往往用过去进行时表示。(1)I _(read)an English book whenhe came to see me.was reading(2)My mother came b
17、ake while I_(do)my homework.was doing常与 at that time,this time yesterday,at eight yesterday evening,from eight to ten 等短语连用(While 表示“在期间”，因此所引导从句是延续性动词，而 when 引导从句，动作有短暂也有延续的,在这类情况下，延续性动词用过去进行时)2021/7/2623七、过去将来时过去将来时 (The Past Future Tense)1、用法：表示从过去的某一时候来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。(1)Mother promised that she_
18、(take)me to the park this Sunday.would take(2)Coke said that he_(make)a trip to the seaside next Tuesday.was going to make 2、常带the next week/day,the following week/month 等时间状语，多用在宾语从句中。2021/7/2624八、过去完成时过去完成时 (The Past Perfect Tense)1、用法：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，可以用五个字简单概括为成了的动作
19、，可以用五个字简单概括为“过去的过过去的过去去”。(1)By last night we_(get)everything ready for the party.（把一切准备好发生在昨天晚上之前）(2)Before he joined NBA,Yao Ming_ (play)for a basketball team in Shanghai for several year.（在上海篮球队打球发生在参加NBA之前）had gothad played2、常与by the end of,before,after 等构成的短语和与when,before,after 等引导的时间从句连用，还可用 在宾
20、语从句中。2021/7/26251.Water_(freeze)at the temperature 0.freezesAnalyze the following examples.评析：此句虽没有时间状语，但水在0度结冰是客观规律，所以应填一般现在时。2.Its late at night.Dad _still _(work)hard to find a solution.is working评析：第一句的is说明现在正在晚上，故用现在进行时。3.The worlds first great nurse Nightinga -les birthday _(become)Internation
21、al Nurses Day in 1974.became2021/7/2626评析：此句的时间状语是“in 1974”，明确表示过去的时间，说明谓语动词是过去发生的动作或情况，故用一般过去时。4.What_ you_(do)when I called you yesterday evening?weredoing评析：此句是when引导的时间状语从句，在过去特定时刻动作发生时，另一动作正在进行，所以用过去进行时。5.The headmaster told us that we _(build)a computer room next year.would build评析：此句为含有宾语从句的复
22、合句，要注意主句和从句谓语动词的时态呼应，主句的谓语动词told是过去时，从句的时间状语 next year为将来时间状语，所以填过去将来时。2021/7/26276.The rain _(stop).Shall we go on with our volleyball match?has stopped评析：雨水停止这一动作对现在产生的结果是继续可以打排球，现在完成时其中一个用法表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，所以填现在完成时，不可填一般过去时。7.I have no idea if she _(come)this afternoon.If she _(come),I”ll let
23、 you know.will comecomes评析：第一个if 解释为“是否”，引导宾语从句，时间状语 this afternoon 表示将来的时间，主句的动作 have no idea 属于现在时态，所以填一般将来时。而第二个if解释为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，主句一般将来时，从句必须用一般现在时代替一般将来时。2021/7/26288.I_(see)Mr Li yesterday.We_(not see)each other since 2000.sawhadnt seen评析：第一句时间状语yesterday显而易见用一般过去时。第二句时间状语 since 1990按照现在完成时态的
24、用法应填现在完成时，但是此句动作not see发生在yesterday之前，所以必须用过去完成时。9.They have told me that he_(buy)a new car next term.will buy评析：这是一句含有that引导的宾语从句的复合句，主句现在完成时属于现在时态范围，根据从句时间状语next term，所以应填一般将来时，而不是过去将来时。2021/7/262910.Mr.Zhang,a famous teacher in Shanghai,_(go)to give lectures in Yunnan last year.He _(stay)there fo
25、r a term.Yesterday he returned home.He told us that he _(make)quite a few good friends there.The newspaper said more good teachers _(send)to Yunnan sometime next year.wentstayed/had stayedwould be senthad made2021/7/2630一、一、Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms.1.We_(solve)the prob
26、lems later on.2.You_(get)wet if you_(go)out without an umbrella.3._(not throw)paper on the ground.4.A:What_you_(do)at the moment?B:I_(go)over my lessons.A:When_ you_(start)going over your lessons?B:An hour ago.5._ you ever_(hear)about the Egyptian Mummy Exhibition at Shanghai Museum?Complete the fol
27、lowing exercises.will solvewill getgoDont throwaredoingam goingdidstartHaveheard2021/7/26316.Your story_ (sound)interesting.You read a lot,dont you?7.We _(build)ten factories in this small town since 1990.8.The old people and children must _ (take)good care of.9.Mary told the boy_(not take)the magaz
28、ines out of the reading room.10.He decided that he_(not say)anything about it.11.The Class Four students_(listen)to a lecture about UFOS this time yesterday.12.As we all know,a lot of changes _ (take place)in our city in the past ten years.soundshave built be takenwould not saywere listeninghave tak
29、en placenot to take2021/7/263214.He_(work)in our school for five years before he_(go)to America.15.Englishmen seldom _(talk)in the underground.16.They _(not get)off the bus until the rain stops.17.They couldnt help_(jump)when they heard the good news.had workedwenttalkwont getjumping2021/7/263318.Fr
30、anklin used to _(eat)American food,but now he has been used to _(eat)the food here19.While we _(travel)in Australia last summer,I visited Lucy who once taught English in our school.20.The Conference on Poverty Reduction(扶贫大会)_(hold)in Shanghai in May,2004.21.The Shanghai Radio and TV Tower _(lie)in
31、Pudong New District.eateatingwere travelingwas heldlies2021/7/2634二、Choose the best answer1.Hes never been to England,_?A.is he B.isnt he C.has he D.hasnt he2.The poor man_in bed up to now.He has no money to see a doctor.A.had laid B.had lain C.has lain D.has laid3.Neither he nor I_ interested in pl
32、aying video games.A.am B.is C.are D./4.You_worry about your son.He will be well soon.A.neednt to B.need to C.dont need D.dont need toCCAD2021/7/26355.Internet bars mustnt let people under 18 in or let anybody _bad things.A.watch B.to watch C.watching D.watches7.A:Would you mind telling me_recently?B
33、:Of course not.A.where did he live B.where does he live C.where he lives D.where he lived8.I wonder if you_(go)there by bus or by train tomorrow.A.would go B.will go C.goes D.goCBA2021/7/2636三、三、Correct the mistakes.(There is only one mistake in each sentence)1.Mr Smith doesnt be in now.He has gone
34、to New York.2.The teacher said that the earth went around the sun.3.The boy is very sad now because he had just lost his new bike.4.By the time she was fifteen,She started to teach herself computer science.doesnt be _isntwent_ goeshad_hasstarted_ had started2021/7/2637 5.You should apologized to him
35、.6.Plastics are used to making many things.7.The old man has died for several years.8.I said I would show him the picture when I finish it.9.His job at the moment is organize the school sports meetingdied_been deadfinish_finishedorganize_to organizeapologized_ apologizeto making_to make2021/7/263810
36、.Bob as well as his friends do some reading every morning.11.They invited to take part in Miss Lis birthday party last Sunday.12.Jessica prefered milk to tea three years ago.13.Im sorry I didnt hear you because I am listening to music.prefered_preferredinvited_were inviteddo_doesam_was2021/7/2639四四、
37、Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the box in their proper forms.(not smoke,hold,remember,see,operate,watch)1.He didnt go to the cinema because he _ the film twice.2.Jack was asked _cigarettes on the bus.3.He still_ riding a bicycle in the street for the first time now.4.The hall is big enough _2,000 people.5.The doctor said that the old woman had to _ on immediately.6.You had better finish your homework before _TV.had seennot to smokeremembers to holdbe operatedwatching2021/7/2640
