1、中考英语语法专项复习 主谓一致 主谓一致语法一致的原则意义一致的原则邻近一致的原则以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except,besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police,cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数由each, some, any, no, every 构
2、成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes,trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员，则用复数不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用
3、单数“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式由连词or, eitheror, neithernor,
4、not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致主谓一致是中考英语的重要语法项目之一，从近年来中考的试题来看，中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空等。做这类题时，必须找出句子的真正主语，然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。思维导图记知识主谓一致概述：谓语受主语支
5、配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1. 语法一致的原则(1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.(2)由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Both he and I are right.Mr Black
6、and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is as
7、ked to help.(4)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：A lot of people a
8、re dancing outside.The police are looking for lost boy.(6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Where are my shoes? I cant find them.Your trousers are dirty.
9、Youd better change them.如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.2. 意义一致的原则(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：Twenty years is not a long time.Ten dollars is too dear.(2)有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数;
10、如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：My family is big one.My family are watching TV.(3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.(4)疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义，则谓
11、语动词用单数。例如：Who is your brother?Who are League members?(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.(6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：I
12、have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.(7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：What she said is correct.What she left me are a few old books.(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单
13、复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The dead is a famous person.3. 邻近一致的原则(1)由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the te
14、acher knows anything about it.(2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。There are two apples and one egg in it.(3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。He as well as I is responsible for it.不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。(4)以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Here is a letter and some books for you.考点一：由or, either. or. , neither. nor. , not
15、only.but also. , whether.or.等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 【典例1】Not only Jim but also his sister _a few cities in the south since they came to China临沂市Awill visit B. has visited Chave visited D visited解析本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not onlybut also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not onlybut a
16、lso连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用“就近原则。【答案】B举一反三1.Neither Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the country very well. 07年潍坊市Ahave been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all Dhas been; both2 Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back.A. have been B. have
17、 gone C. has been D. has gone3.Neither my father _ going to see the patient.A. nor I am B. nor I areC. or me are D. or me is考点二： the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。 【典例2】Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (20
18、04包头) A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers解析该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）【答案】A举一反三1.The number of _ in our class _ fifty. (2004山东烟台) A. student, isB. the students, are C. the students, isD. students, ar
19、e2Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers3The number of _ in our class _ fifty.A. student, isB. the students, areC. the students, is D. students, are4.The number of the students in
20、 our class _ 54.A. is B. are C. has D. have考点三：and连接的两个单数名词作主语。【典例】 Trees and flowers _every year to make our country more beautiful. 陕西省A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted解析 every year说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念，去掉B、D项；trees and flowers表达复数意义，所以选C项。【答案】C举一反三1.A library with five thousa
21、nd books _to the nation as a gift.Ais offered Bhas offered Care offered Dhave offered2When and where to build the new factory _yetAis not decided Bare not decided Chas not decided Dhave not decided考点四：表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。 【典例4】 -How much _the shoes?-Five dollars_ enough 年青岛市Ais；is
22、B are；is Care；are Dis；are解析 答案为B。shoes作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式；five dollars是一个整体，应按单数对待。 【答案】B举一反三1.How time flies! Ten years _ passed. (2004天津)A. have B. has C. is D. are2. (2017四川宜宾27)Two months_ a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation.A. amB. isC. are考点五：就近原则-There_ no milk in the f
23、ridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?-All right, Mum. 福州市A. is B. are C. was D. were解析本题考查there be”句型中be的数及时态，be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词，所以be应使用单数形式，B、D两项可以排除。 【答案】A举一反三1.Not only Jim but also his sister _a few cities in the south since they came to China07临沂市Awill visit B. has visited Chave vis
24、ited D visited2.Neither Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the country very well. 07年潍坊市Ahave been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all Dhas been; both3. (2017贵州铜仁27)Whats in the picture?There_a teacher and some students playing games on the playground.1. (2017贵州安顺 27)_ there anyth
25、ing new in todays Qianzhong Morning Daily?No. But there _ some inspiring stories worth reading.A. Is；is B. Are；are C. Is；are D. Are；is2. (2017贵州贵阳40)We all know that one of the worlds most popular sports _ football.A. amB. isC. are3. (2017贵州六盘水3)The number of the students _ over 2,000 in our school.
26、A. is B. are C. he D. were4. (2017贵州铜仁27)Whats in the picture?There_a teacher and some students playing games on the playground.A. is B. are C. has D. have5. (2017黑龙江齐齐哈尔10)A number of visitors_ visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors_ increasing.A. are；isB. is；areC. are；are6. (2017四川攀
27、枝花31)One great thing about Singapore，unlike most other Asian countries，_ that the temperature is almost the same all year round.A. are B. is C. was D. were7. (2017内蒙古呼和浩特14)Mary，_ is my friend，as well as her sisters，_ Chinese in China.8.How time flies! Ten years _ passed.A. have B. has C. is D. are9
28、.Not only I but also Jane and Mary_ tired of having one examination after anotherAis Bare Cam Dbe10.The number of people invited _fifty， but a number of them _absent for different reasonsAwere，was Bwas, was Cwas，were DwereWere11.Between the two buildings _a monumentAis standing Bstanding Cstands Dst
29、and12.Many a student _that mistake before.Ahad made Bhas been made Chave made D has made13.None of the money _hisAis Bare Cbelongs Dwere14.About threefifths of the work _done yesterdayAhad Bwas Cwere Dhave15.Neither your sister nor mine _the good newsLets tell themAknow B knows CKnewKey:1-5:CBAAA 6-
30、10:BDBBC 11-15:CDABB1.There (be)some milk,two eggs and a few apples on the table.You can take them away.Thanks.I will.2.Nobody but two boys (be)late for class yesterday.3.John with his parents (have)been in Australia for about two years.4.How much (be)this pair of jeans?Twenty dollars (be)enough.5.The number of people invited (be)fifty,but a number of them (be)absent for different reasons.6.What would you like to have for supper? Either noodles or rice (be)OK.I dont mind.Key:is,is,has,is,is,is,are,is9
