1、关系副词的用法关系副词的用法 关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子状语，当一个句子不缺少主语或宾语不缺少主语或宾语时，并能够完整地表达一个意思时，时，并能够完整地表达一个意思时，这时我们不需要关系代词，就可以给这时我们不需要关系代词，就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。这个句子加上特定的关系副词。关系副词关系副词when,where和和why的用法的用法关系副词关系副词指代的先行词指代的先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分when表时间的名词表时间的名词/名词词组名词词组时间状语时间状语where表地点的名词表地点的名词/名词词组名词词组地点状语地点状语w
2、hy表原因的名词表原因的名词原因状语原因状语 关系副词关系副词when,where,why可用适当的可用适当的介词介词+which来替代来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+whichPs:介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。介介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。在动词之后。（注意固定短语中介词的位置注意固定短语中介词的位置）关系副词和介词关系副词和介词+which的关系的关系用关系副词用关系副词whe
3、n时，先行词指时间，时，先行词指时间，when在定在定语从句中作时间状语，语从句中作时间状语，when可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：I still remember the day when(=on which)I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when(=in which)World War broke out.1.whenIll never forget the Ill never forget the dayday whenwhen I joined the army.I joined t
4、he army.on whichJim still remembers Jim still remembers the happy timethe happy time whenwhen we got we got together last year.together last year.during whichIt is It is 1st Oct.1st Oct.whenwhen we celebrate our nations we celebrate our nations birthday.birthday.on which用关系副词用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，时，先行词
5、指地点，where在定在定语从句中作地点状语，语从句中作地点状语，where可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：This is the farm where(=on which)we worked when we were young.The school where(=in which)his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2.whereThis is the This is the househouse wherewhere I lived two years ago.I lived two years ago.in
6、whichWe got the We got the stationstation early early wherewhere we saw Tom off.we saw Tom off.at which用关系副词用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，时，先行词指原因，why在定语在定语从句中作原因状语，从句中作原因状语，why可换成可换成“介词介词+关系代关系代词词”。如：。如：There are several reasons why(=for which)the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason
7、why(=for which)he was late for school.3.whyDo you know the Do you know the reasonreason whywhy she was late.she was late.for whichShe will never tell us the She will never tell us the reasonsreasons whywhy she married she married such an old man.such an old man.for which定语从句必须注意的特殊例子定语从句必须注意的特殊例子(1)
8、当先行词为当先行词为time，表示，表示“次数次数”时，应用关系词时，应用关系词that 或省略。如：或省略。如：This is the first time(that)the president has visited the country.(2)当当point,situation,case,stage等词作先行词表示等词作先行词表示“地点地点”的抽象名词的抽象名词时，其后常由时，其后常由where引导定语从句，引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：在句中作状语。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?(
9、3)先行词为先行词为the way,关系词要用关系词要用that,in which 或省略或省略Do you know the way(that/in which/-)he worked the problem.a.Is this the factory_ we visited last year?b.Is this the house _Lincoln once lived?c.Is this house _ we visited last year?(which/that)where解题点拨解题点拨:看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；若是作若是作状语状语,
10、就用就用where,when,why等等关系副词关系副词；若是作若是作主语主语、宾语或定语宾语或定语，则用，则用关系代词关系代词that,which,whom,whose等。等。the one1.I still remember the days _ I worked with the farmers.I still remember the days _ I spent with the farmersA.which B.on which C.when D.what2.We were on the way _ it began to rain.I dont like the way _ yo
11、u speak to your parents.A.when B.that C.how D.which whenwhichwhenthat3.The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was absent yesterday.The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday.A.how B.why C.that D.who4.Is this school _ you ever visited?Is this the school _ you ever studied?Is thi
12、s the school in _ you ever studied?A.where B.which C.that D.the onewhythatDAB介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toinThe man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介
13、词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可见可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不
14、能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 4在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如何选定介词如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系逻辑关系，如：，如：e.g.Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配习惯搭配，如：，如：e.g.Can you e
15、xplain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.总结：总结：关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构在定语从句中主要结构在定语从句中主要起起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语状语。用在介词后的关系代词只有。用在介词后的关系代词只有whom,whom,whichwhich和和whosewhose 三个，不能用三个，不能用that.that.介词介词+which 指物指物介词介词+whom 指人指人用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从
16、句。1.I disagree with the facts _ which your argument is based.2.The song,_ which he was interested,will never be heard again.3.This is the reason _ which he often comes to school late.4.I will never forget the way _ which my teacher taught me.5.This is the hero _ whom we are proud.on in forinof6.I wa
17、nt to find the very pen _ which I wrote that letter.7.They are the students _ whom our teachers are thinking highly.8.It is important to choose good friends _ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts.9.It will not be necessary to name the person _ whom the card belongs.10.I would always like to
18、 do business with those people _ whom I can rely.withof withtoon/upon“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句结结构引导非限制性定语从句结构构(1)名词名词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：They live in a house,the door of which faces south.(2)代词代词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：There are four students in the classroom,all of whom are working hard.(3)数词数词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代
19、词：Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore,three of which were English novels.(4)形容词比较级形容词比较级/最高级最高级+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.1.whose的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语代替，但语序不同，即序不同，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of which，或，或=of which+the+名词。名词。如：如：The n
20、ovel whose title(=the title of which或或of which the title)is Red and Black is very interesting.2.whose的先行词指人时，可用的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语代替，但语序不同，即序不同，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of whom，或，或=of whom+the+名词。名词。如：如：The boy whose mother(=the mother of whom或或of whom the mother)is a doctor is my friend.whose与与of+wh
21、ich/whom的转换的转换关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中
22、的主谓一致Unit 2 subway /sbwei/n.地下人行道；地铁 elevator /eliveit/n.电梯；升降机 petrol /petrl/n.汽油（=gasoline）gas /s/n.汽油；气体；煤气；毒气 official /fil/adj.官方的；正式的；公务的 voyage /viid/n.航行；航海 conquer /kk/vt.征服；占领 because of 因为；由于 native /neitiv/adj.本国的；本地的 n.本地人；本国人 Amy /eimi/n.艾米（女名）come up 走近；上来；提出 apartment /p:tmnt/n.公寓住宅；
23、单元住宅 actually /ktuli/adv.实际上；事实上 AD 公元 base /beis/vt.以为根据 n.基部；基地；基础 at present 现在；目前 gradual /rdul/adj.逐渐的；逐步的 gradually /grduli/adv.逐渐地；逐步地 Danish /deini/n.丹麦语；adj.丹麦的；丹麦的人；丹麦语的 enrich /inrit/vt.使富裕；充实；改善 vocabulary /vkbjulri/n.词汇；词汇量；词表 Shakespeare/eikspi/莎士比亚(英国剧作家诗人)make use of 利用；使用 spelling /
24、speli/n.拼写；拼法 latter /lt/adj.较后的；后半的；（两者中）后者的 identity /aidentti/n.本身；本体；身份 fluent /flu:nt/adj.流利的；流畅的 fluently /flu:ntl/adv.流利地；流畅地 Singapore /sip:/n.新加坡(东南亚国家)Malaysia /mleizi/n.马来西亚(东南亚国家)such as 例如；像这种的 frequent /fri:kwnt/adj.频繁的；常见的 frequently /fri:kwntli/adv.常常；频繁地 usage /ju:sid/n.使用；用法；词语惯用法
25、command /km:nd/n.&vt.命令；指令；掌握 request /rikwest/n.&vt.请求；要求 dialect /dailekt/n.方言 expression /ikspren/n.词语；表示；表达 midwestern /midwestn/adj.中西部的 African /frikn/adj非洲的；非洲人的；非洲语的 Spanish /spni/adj西班牙的；西班牙人的；西班牙语的 n西班牙人；西班牙语 play a part(in)扮演一个角色；参与 eastern /i:stn/adj.东方的；东部的 southeastern /saui:stn/adj.东南方的；northwestern /n:westn/adj.西北方的 recognize /reknaiz/vt.辨认出；承认；公认 lorry /lri/n.卡车（=truck）Lori /lri/n.罗丽（女名）Houston /hju:stn/n休斯敦(美国城市)Texas /tekss/n得克萨斯州(美国州名)accent /ksnt/n.口音；腔调；重音 lightning /laitni/n.闪电 straight /streit/adv.直接adj.直的；正直的 block /blk/n.街区；块；木块；石块 cab /kb/n.出租车
