1、对英语单句结构的分析理解对英语单句结构的分析理解对固定词组、习惯用法的掌握对固定词组、习惯用法的掌握英汉转译时汉语语句的增、删、调处理英汉转译时汉语语句的增、删、调处理英语句意用汉语表达的精准度及成语运用英语句意用汉语表达的精准度及成语运用第1页，共33页。1、注意观察考核点，看清句型结构，找出主句主语；、注意观察考核点，看清句型结构，找出主句主语；2、找出谓语动词，并观察时态、语态、语气；、找出谓语动词，并观察时态、语态、语气；3、辨认修饰名词的后置定语成分，按汉语习惯调为前置；、辨认修饰名词的后置定语成分，按汉语习惯调为前置；4、观察英语句中的状语成分，按汉语习惯调整其在句中的位置；、观察
2、英语句中的状语成分，按汉语习惯调整其在句中的位置；5、对转译后的汉语全部元素按汉语习惯全部整理排序；、对转译后的汉语全部元素按汉语习惯全部整理排序；6、最后检查是否有遗漏，是否完全准确表达出英文原意。、最后检查是否有遗漏，是否完全准确表达出英文原意。7、尽可能使用恰当的汉语成语转达英语某些结构的含义，使译文更精炼、尽可能使用恰当的汉语成语转达英语某些结构的含义，使译文更精炼、精彩。精彩。8、通览全句，就可以把某些生词的含义大致猜测出来，不要纠缠在个、通览全句，就可以把某些生词的含义大致猜测出来，不要纠缠在个别生词上。别生词上。第2页，共33页。英语最常见基本句型有以下几种：英语最常见基本句型有
3、以下几种：应注意的是，系动词除了常用的应注意的是，系动词除了常用的be动词之外，其他一些能表示主语动词之外，其他一些能表示主语状态的动词和词组，也可以按系动词对待。如：状态的动词和词组，也可以按系动词对待。如：become，appear，look like，get，remain，seem。例：例：They when the teacher asked them to answer the question.The decision .He .The room .The film .The problem to be resolved.第3页，共33页。一些表示感觉的不及物动词也可以按系动词对待
4、。如：一些表示感觉的不及物动词也可以按系动词对待。如：feel，taste，smell，sound。例例:This cloth .The newly cooked mutton （味美的）（味美的）.The perfume（沁人肺腑）。（沁人肺腑）。Your idea !还有一些和形容词连用的不及物动词同样可以按系动词对待。如：还有一些和形容词连用的不及物动词同样可以按系动词对待。如：fall ill，turn pale，prove wrong等。等。要注意要注意be动词的不同时态在句子中表达的时间差异，译成汉语时动词的不同时态在句子中表达的时间差异，译成汉语时要适当表述出来。如：要适当表述出
5、来。如：No matter what we were,are or will be,we should always be loyal to our career and our people.无论我们无论我们什么身份，都应该始终忠诚于我什么身份，都应该始终忠诚于我们的事业和人民。们的事业和人民。第4页，共33页。（1）句子后边可能会有状语，在翻译时要注意先把状语转移到汉语的句首，）句子后边可能会有状语，在翻译时要注意先把状语转移到汉语的句首，且要注意顺序的调换（如英语是：方式且要注意顺序的调换（如英语是：方式+地点地点+时间，要调成汉语的：时时间，要调成汉语的：时间间+地点地点+方式）。方式
6、）。例：例：He met his girl friend 他他去会女朋友。去会女朋友。（2）在英语句子中有双宾结构时，译成汉语要按汉语顺序摆放两个宾语。）在英语句子中有双宾结构时，译成汉语要按汉语顺序摆放两个宾语。如：如：He gave her a cake for her birthday gift.误：误：他给了一块蛋糕（给）她作为生日礼物。他给了一块蛋糕（给）她作为生日礼物。正：正：他给了她一块蛋糕作为（她的）生日礼物。他给了她一块蛋糕作为（她的）生日礼物。（3）英语句子中有单个副词作状语时，译成汉语时要把这个状语）英语句子中有单个副词作状语时，译成汉语时要把这个状语放在主语和动词之间。
7、如：放在主语和动词之间。如：The wind is blowing.风风地刮着。地刮着。You go!你你走！走！（误：你走先！）（误：你走先！）第5页，共33页。这种句型是英语特有的，汉语没有直接对应的句型，在英译这种句型是英语特有的，汉语没有直接对应的句型，在英译汉时，仍然需要先把状语成分移到汉语句首，然后再译剩余部分。汉时，仍然需要先把状语成分移到汉语句首，然后再译剩余部分。例：例：There will be a very interesting movie released 下个月本市将发行一部非常有趣的电影。下个月本市将发行一部非常有趣的电影。（处理技巧：把原有的地点状语转成汉语的主
8、语，被动态改为主动（处理技巧：把原有的地点状语转成汉语的主语，被动态改为主动态）态）There is always her appearance hovering.总是萦绕着她的容貌（身影）。总是萦绕着她的容貌（身影）。there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。（英语成语，翻译时省略地点状语）有志者，事竟成。（英语成语，翻译时省略地点状语）第6页，共33页。英译汉时的一个很常见的难点，是如何处理英语核心名词的英译汉时的一个很常见的难点，是如何处理英语核心名词的后置定语，这也是英语语感和汉语语感最大差别之一。后置定语，这也是英语语感和汉语语感最大差别之一。汉语
9、的特点是，无论修饰核心名词的定语有多长多复杂，都要放汉语的特点是，无论修饰核心名词的定语有多长多复杂，都要放在被修饰的核心名词前边。在被修饰的核心名词前边。英语除了单个的词（可以是名词、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、英语除了单个的词（可以是名词、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、形容词）放在核心名词前以外，其他成分都要置于核心名词后边（如介形容词）放在核心名词前以外，其他成分都要置于核心名词后边（如介词短语、定语从句）。在英译汉时，同样需要将这些后置定语移到核心词短语、定语从句）。在英译汉时，同样需要将这些后置定语移到核心名词前边。转移的原理是大翻转。另一做法是把后置定语断成汉语简单名词前边。转移的原
10、理是大翻转。另一做法是把后置定语断成汉语简单句。见以下示例：句。见以下示例：第7页，共33页。例例1（后置定语前置）：（后置定语前置）：These are winged（中肯的）（中肯的）,convictive and acceptive|that she hasnt ever heard from her parents before.这些是她从未从父母那听到过的中肯、令人信服又易于接受这些是她从未从父母那听到过的中肯、令人信服又易于接受的话语。的话语。（以核心名词为轴心，把后置定语翻转到所有的前置定语的前（以核心名词为轴心，把后置定语翻转到所有的前置定语的前边）边）例例2（长句断句）：（长
11、句断句）：We are now standing on this famous,majestic and far-away-stretched Great Wall|which was built in ancient time|when human had no enough means for transportation|as we have today.我们站在这著名的、宏伟的、绵延万里的长城之上。它建于我们站在这著名的、宏伟的、绵延万里的长城之上。它建于古远的年代，那个时候人类还没有像现在这样的运输手段。古远的年代，那个时候人类还没有像现在这样的运输手段。第8页，共33页。例例3（两
12、个动词连接处断句）：（两个动词连接处断句）：What her name is|is still kept secret to all of us.她叫什么名字对我们大家来说还是个秘密。她叫什么名字对我们大家来说还是个秘密。例例4（两个代词相连处断句）：（两个代词相连处断句）：He told us that|that house is the one built for his parents.他告诉我们，那座房子是给他父母建的。他告诉我们，那座房子是给他父母建的。m writing here to you to complain that （）在此致函投诉）在此致函投诉 This should
13、 be done by all of you.这（这（）应该由你们所有人来做。）应该由你们所有人来做。第9页，共33页。He is responsible for the purchase of spare parts.他负责采购备件。（形容词转为动词他负责采购备件。（形容词转为动词/名词转为动词）名词转为动词）We prepared electric devices for the physical lessons,chemicals for chemistry,animals and plants for biology,and dictionaries for English.我们为物理
14、课准备了电气装置，为化学课我们为物理课准备了电气装置，为化学课化学药品，为化学药品，为生物课生物课动植物，还为英语课动植物，还为英语课辞典。（即把英语省略辞典。（即把英语省略的同样成分补加回来）。的同样成分补加回来）。（上述长句断句即属于分译）（上述长句断句即属于分译）It is|quite appalling|to hear that he is coming back.听说他要回来，真是令人震惊。听说他要回来，真是令人震惊。第10页，共33页。第11页，共33页。1.The little boy wanted to exchange his toy car for my cake.2.Th
15、ese five boys failed in their English exam last term.3.Bill hit his car into a wall last night.第12页，共33页。4.Did you get that e-mail from me?5.As is known to all,China is a developing country.6.Ill have to try using the search engines.第13页，共33页。7.I think everyone knows how to swim.8.One can never succ
16、eed without enough confidence in himself.9.I think the picture shows us how fruit is necessary to life.第14页，共33页。10.Im now a distance education student.（11.Ted and William have lived under the same roof for five years.12.Does the computer has instruction on it?第15页，共33页。13I dont know who broke the w
17、indow.14.It is known to all that exercises are good for health.15.Fred was such a hardworking student that he soon came out first in the class.（原教材译文：汤姆是一个学习十分用功的学生，以至于不久他就成了班（原教材译文：汤姆是一个学习十分用功的学生，以至于不久他就成了班里学习最好的学生）里学习最好的学生）第16页，共33页。16.I think she will change her mind tomorrow.17.Think it over bef
18、ore you speak.18Karsh was praised as a master portraitist,often working in black and white,influenced by great painters of the past.第17页，共33页。19.A good memory is a great help in learning a language.20.How long have you collected your stamps?21Each time history repeats itself,the price goes up.第18页，共
19、33页。22.Im thinking about a visit to Paris.23.Wang Lis father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking university.24.Please give this book to whoever comes first.第19页，共33页。25.Though it was late.They kept on working.26.Would you please help me with this heavy box?27.Apples here like wate
20、r and sunshine.第20页，共33页。28.You neednt go there anymore.He already knows about it.29.A lot of natural resources in the mountain area are to be exploited and used.30.In Foreign Languages Department,a checking machine is used to correct the students papers.第21页，共33页。31.The students are encouraged by t
21、heir teacher to do more listening,reading and writing.32.The plan has been over fulfilled by now.33.The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the atmosphere,water,rocks,etc.第22页，共33页。34.there is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction.35.this place has plentiful materia
22、l resources.36.various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.第23页，共33页。37.transistors are small in size and light in weight.38.john and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant.39.The more passions we have,the more happiness we are l
23、ikely to experience.第24页，共33页。40.In an age of plenty,we feel spiritual hunger.41.If you decided to learn a new language,you would have to dedicate yourself wholeheartedly to the cause.42.In no other country in the world can you find such plants as this one.第25页，共33页。43.I was having a nap when sudden
24、ly the telephone rang.44.All that glitters is not gold.45.He told me that he had lived in America for ten years before he came to China.第26页，共33页。46.All things are difficult before they are easy.47.One can never succeed without enough confidence in himself.48.Yeah,Im anxious to hear all the songs fr
25、om her new album.第27页，共33页。49.I was too excited to say a word in front of him.50.You can buy water inside.51.These five boys failed in there English exam last term.第28页，共33页。52.Its their duty to look after these young trees.53.Ive been so busy lately,I havent had time to call anybody.54.Just because
26、 you like,it doesnt mean I will.第29页，共33页。55.In the world,soccer or football is the most popular sport.56.Riding bicycles can save energy.57.Hi.What can I get for your dinner,sir?第30页，共33页。58.When I was young,Id listen to the radio,waiting my favorite songs.59.I prefer tea to coffee.60.She always laughs at a good joke.第31页，共33页。61.She looks lovely when she is happy.第32页，共33页。第33页，共33页。
