1、English Pronunciation 英语语音讲座第1页，共117页。Read the following sentences:Nancy works at a bank in town./5nns 5wks t 5bNk n 5tan/The streets are wide,clean and beautiful./5stri:ts 5wa d 5kli:n n 5bju:tfl/He said that he was coming to see me./h 5sed Tt h wz 5kQm N t 5sI:m/Give my best wishes and regards to
2、them./5g v ma 5best 5w F z n r 5gB:dz t Tm/2第2页，共117页。有关国际音标的几个概念有关国际音标的几个概念 International Phonetic Association 1886,London 国际语音学协会国际语音学协会 International Phonetic Alphabet 1888 国际音标国际音标 制定原则：一个音位，一个符号；制定原则：一个音位，一个符号；一个符号，一个音位一个符号，一个音位 Daniel Jones:Everymans English Pronouncing Dictionary 英语发音词典英语发音词典
3、 第一版第一版1917 第十二版第十二版1963 第十四版第十四版19813第3页，共117页。英国英语和美国英语英国英语和美国英语 元音音标对照元音音标对照英国英语英国英语 美国英语美国英语 例词例词/I:/I/meat field/I/fish fill/e/bench bed/A/A/cat stand/B:/Br/cart dark /B/B:/calm father/C/B/hot sock/C:/C/Cr/wall short/U/book wood/U:/U/shoe pool4第4页，共117页。英国英语英国英语 美国英语美国英语 例词例词/Q/Q/love mud/:/:r/
4、work learn /L,r/doctor further /ago banana/e/ei/e/lake paper /a/ai/a/bike find/Ci/boy spoil/aU/loud house/U/o/o/boat know/i/r/beer really/e/Z/Zr/chair pair/U/r/tour sure5第5页，共117页。英语元音英语元音 the vowels (20个个)前元音前元音 front vowels /I:，e，A/前元音发音的共同点前元音发音的共同点 舌尖轻触下齿舌尖轻触下齿 舌前部向上颚抬高，但不接触舌前部向上颚抬高，但不接触 气流通过气管经
5、口腔而出，不受任何发音器官阻碍，气流通过气管经口腔而出，不受任何发音器官阻碍，没有任何摩擦没有任何摩擦前元音发音的不同点前元音发音的不同点 舌前部向上齿龈抬高的不同部位和高度决定四个前元音舌前部向上齿龈抬高的不同部位和高度决定四个前元音 的不同音位的不同音位/I:，e，A/的开口程度由小到大的开口程度由小到大 /I:，e，A/的舌位由高到低的舌位由高到低6第6页，共117页。/I:/e/A/beat bit bet batmeet mid met madteam tip tell tapsteel still step stand/I:/-/eat-it seat-sit feet-fit s
6、heep-ship peal-pill leak-lick sleep-slip beat-bit bead-bid field-filled steel-still neat-knit He sees a ship.She sees a sheep.A ship and a sheep.This is a ship.That is a sheep.7第7页，共117页。/e/-/A/bed-bad met-mad men-man net-lap said-sad mess-mass merry-marry set-sat led-lad lend-land beg-bag pen-pan a
7、 red flag get mad very bad weather felt very sad help his dad sat on the bed never come back get to know thatDont let the cat out of the bag.I guess they want gas.Can you bend that iron band?What daddy said made me sad.8第8页，共117页。英语元音英语元音 后元音后元音 back vowels /B:C:U:/英语后元音发音共同点英语后元音发音共同点 舌尖离开下齿舌尖离开下齿
8、舌后部向上颚抬起，但不接触上颚舌后部向上颚抬起，但不接触上颚 气流通过气管经口腔而出，不受任何发音器官气流通过气管经口腔而出，不受任何发音器官 阻碍，没有任何摩擦阻碍，没有任何摩擦英语后元音发音不同点英语后元音发音不同点 舌后部向上齿龈抬高的不同部位和高度决定四舌后部向上齿龈抬高的不同部位和高度决定四 个后元音的不同音位个后元音的不同音位 /B:，C:，U/的开口程度由大到小的开口程度由大到小 /B:，C:，U/的舌位由低到高的舌位由低到高 9第9页，共117页。/B:/C:/U:/bark box bought book bootlark lot lord look loompart pot
9、 port put poolshark shot short shook shootvast what water wood wound/-/U:/foot-boot pull-pool good-food full-foolAt noon I took a bookAnd sat by the pool in the wood,And put my foot in the pool,Oh,how cool!10第10页，共117页。英语元音英语元音 中元音中元音 central vowels /Q /英语中元音发音共同点英语中元音发音共同点 舌尖离开下齿舌尖离开下齿 舌中部抬高，舌身自然、平
10、伸舌中部抬高，舌身自然、平伸 唇形扁平而放松唇形扁平而放松 气流通过气管经口腔而出，不受任何发音器官阻碍，气流通过气管经口腔而出，不受任何发音器官阻碍，没有任何摩擦没有任何摩擦英语中元音发音不同点英语中元音发音不同点 舌中部向上齿龈抬起，舌中部向上齿龈抬起，/的舌位最高，的舌位最高，/Q/的舌位最低的舌位最低 唇形扁平，唇形扁平，/的唇形需向左右两边拉开，略成微笑状，的唇形需向左右两边拉开，略成微笑状，/的唇形自然放松，的唇形自然放松，/Q/唇形自然扁平唇形自然扁平11第11页，共117页。/Q/Monday money month monkey country worry wonderful
11、 mother London in such a hurry love each other suffer hunger My husband is lucky enough to make a lot of money./-/C:/work-walk word-ward worm-warm first world war the worst storm worth much more12第12页，共117页。/B:/-/Q/mask-must heart-hut father-mother cut-cart come-calm duck-dark park the truck a hard
12、nut such a market hurry to the farm rush to the park How much wood would a woodchuck(美洲旱獭美洲旱獭)chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?He would chuck,he would,as much as he could,and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would if a woodchuck could chuck wood.13第13页，共117页。/abroad China banana panda England
13、Martha was crazy about China.Susan drinks a lot of Coca Cola.It was in Canada that the students found them.Potatoes and carrots are vegetables.was (AmE)/wBz/,/wz/(BrE)/wz/,/wz/字母组合字母组合er,re,ar,or,o(u)r,ure处于非重读音节中时，美国英语读为处于非重读音节中时，美国英语读为/r/-er teacher/5ti:tFr/better/5betr/exercise/5eksr9saiz/-re cen
14、tre/center/5sentr/metre/meter /5mI:tr/-ar sugar/5Fugr/polar/5poulr/standard/5stAndrd/-or author/5CWr/doctor/5dBktr/forget/fr5get/-o(u)r colo(u)r/5kQlr/humo(u)r/5hju:mr/-ure feature/5fI:tFr/lecture/5lektFr/14第14页，共117页。下面一些字母组合，下面一些字母组合，在美国英语中读作在美国英语中读作/r/r/-eardear /dr,dr/beard/brd,brd/-eerbeer/br,b
15、r/deer/dr,dr/-erehere/hr,hr/sincere/sn5sr,sn5sr/-ierfierce /frs,frs/pierce /prs,prs/但是并非所有的但是并非所有的/都读成都读成/r/词首的词首的 /不读成不读成/r/about/5baut/ago/5gou/opinion/5pnjn/一些字母和字母组合，在某些词中，美国英语和英国英语读音相同，一些字母和字母组合，在某些词中，美国英语和英国英语读音相同，/后不加后不加 /r/drama/5drAm/panda/5pAnd/banana/b5nAn/sofa/5souf/Diana/da5An/extra/5ek
16、str/China/5tFan/America/5merk/salad/5sAld/polite/p5lat/method/5meWd/zealous/5zels/cautious/5kCFs/yeah/jZ/period/5pI:rd/15第15页，共117页。随着英语语音的发展变化，有些非重读音节里的元音弱读成随着英语语音的发展变化，有些非重读音节里的元音弱读成/，这些，这些/的后面不加的后面不加/r/interesting/5ntrstN/elephant/5elfnt/eleven/5levn/cauliflower/5kClflaur/believe/blI:v/begin/b5gn
17、/在英语中，有三十多个词，在几乎在英语中，有三十多个词，在几乎90%90%以上的情况里都要弱读，而弱读时，大多数是把原来的元以上的情况里都要弱读，而弱读时，大多数是把原来的元音弱读成音弱读成 /，这些词里的，这些词里的/也不能读成也不能读成 /r/a/an/n/the/T/am/m/are/was/wz/were/w/do/d/does/dz/has/hz/have/hv/had/hd/can/kn/could/kd/shall/Fl/should/Fd/would/wd/must/mst/her/h,/us/s/them/Tm/at/t/from/frm/for/f/of/v/to/t/an
18、d/nd,n,n/as/z/than/Tn/that/Tt/but/bt/some/sm/16第16页，共117页。英语元音英语元音 双元音双元音 diphthongs /e，/英语双元音的发音方法英语双元音的发音方法由两个音合而为一，由第一个音向第二个音滑动，滑动过程中没有任何停顿。由两个音合而为一，由第一个音向第二个音滑动，滑动过程中没有任何停顿。由第一个音向第二个音滑动的过程中，第一个音长而响亮；第二个音短而含由第一个音向第二个音滑动的过程中，第一个音长而响亮；第二个音短而含糊；一般来说，由第一个音向第二个音滑动时，不到第二个音的发音部位，糊；一般来说，由第一个音向第二个音滑动时，不到第
19、二个音的发音部位，发音即完成发音即完成/e，/这五个双元音发音的一个共同特点是由前一个音滑到后一个音时，口由这五个双元音发音的一个共同特点是由前一个音滑到后一个音时，口由开到合，因此又叫开到合，因此又叫合口双元音合口双元音17第17页，共117页。/e/take name faint play plane danger train main David snake played same change hate to be late play a game a railway stationwait at the gate make a silly mistake You should pla
20、y it safe and make haste.He did it only for the sake of face saving./nice write kind behind exciting style why mind tight eyes riding writing Fridayride a bike far and wide a quiet night Out of sight,out of mind.Mikes wife likes her life in the countryside.The kite is flying high in the sky.18第18页，共
21、117页。/boy enjoy join point voice spoil annoy boil noisy soil poison coin choice oil One mans meat is another mans poison./loud house shout lounge round now down found crown surround clothes go for an outing how about look outside like a drowned mouse They often make loud noises out of hours./home bo
22、at slowly coat road clothes post telephone tone Joan bowl toast rode wrote go home hold a post wrote a poem make a toast 19第19页，共117页。英语元音英语元音 双元音双元音 /，e，/这三个双元音分别由这三个双元音分别由/、e、/向中元音向中元音/滑动，所以称为集中双元音滑动，所以称为集中双元音/dear clear beer fear hero appear theatre idea serious/e/wear repair stairs careful there
23、 compare fair and square Jack likes to wear his hair long./tour sure February during poor pure furious Europe 20第20页，共117页。元音的长度元音的长度 长元音和双元音都有一定的长度长元音和双元音都有一定的长度 长元音和双元音在句末时比在句子中时较长长元音和双元音在句末时比在句子中时较长 Did you see him?-What did you see?I know him very well.-I dont know.长元音和双元音在浊辅音前比在清辅音前长长元音和双元音在浊辅音
24、前比在清辅音前长 leave-leaf hard-park road-wrote cause-course line-light noise-voice 长元音和双元音在重读音节中比在非重读音节中长长元音和双元音在重读音节中比在非重读音节中长 sofa-window idle-idea board-blackboard21第21页，共117页。短元音一般比较短，但在以下情况下短元音的长度也有变化短元音一般比较短，但在以下情况下短元音的长度也有变化 短元音在浊辅音前比在清辅音前长短元音在浊辅音前比在清辅音前长 bad-hat mud-cup leg-let big-sit dog-hot/A/除
25、了在浊辅音前外，一般情况下也比其他短元音略长除了在浊辅音前外，一般情况下也比其他短元音略长 men-man said-sad bed-bad 短元音短元音/和和/在词尾非重读音节中发音较长较清晰在词尾非重读音节中发音较长较清晰 better-alone doctor-forget city-exam 22第22页，共117页。三元音三元音在双元音在双元音/e、/后面紧接元音后面紧接元音/，称作三元音；称作三元音；三元音有两个音节。三元音的第二个音十分弱化，几乎是从第一个音三元音有两个音节。三元音的第二个音十分弱化，几乎是从第一个音直接滑向第三个音。三元音读音错误比较多，尤其是直接滑向第三个音。
26、三元音读音错误比较多，尤其是/5/，往往被往往被读成读成/5w/e/greyer player betrayal/fire quiet buyer liar lion tired/royal employer /tower hour flower shower coward/grower thrower lower23第23页，共117页。英语辅音英语辅音 the consonants英语辅音共有英语辅音共有 28 个，可以分为两大类：清辅音和浊辅音个，可以分为两大类：清辅音和浊辅音清辅音清辅音 voiceless consonants/p t k f s F W h tF/浊辅音浊辅音 vo
27、iced consonants/b d g v z V T r dV m n N l()w j/英语辅音都受发音器官某一部位的阻碍；按照发音方式，辅音可以分为六类英语辅音都受发音器官某一部位的阻碍；按照发音方式，辅音可以分为六类爆破音爆破音 plosive consonants/p b t d k g/摩擦音摩擦音 fricative consonants/f v s z F V W T h r/破擦音破擦音 affricate consonants/tF dV tr dr ts dz/鼻鼻 音音 nasal consonants/m n N/舌侧音舌侧音 lateral consonants
28、/l ()/半元音半元音 semi-vowels/w j/24第24页，共117页。清辅音清辅音/p t k/在在/s/后面应减少送气，即爆破减弱后面应减少送气，即爆破减弱/p-/-/sp-/peak-speak peach-speech pair-spare/t-/-/st-/team-steam till-still tone-stone/k-/-/sk-/key-ski kill-skill kin-skin Kate-skate注：在窄式音标中将送气的爆破音写为注：在窄式音标中将送气的爆破音写为/p t k/或或 /p t k/；而将不送气的爆破音写为而将不送气的爆破音写为/p t k
29、/把把park写为写为/pB:k/或或/pB:k/把把spark 写为写为/spB:k/25第25页，共117页。/F/she ship shoe push British wish social fashion/V/measure usual television pleasure visual /tr/tree try train truck traffic travel trick introduce/dr/drain dry drop drink draw dream dress dragon/F V/tF dV/tr dr/26第26页，共117页。/w/-/v/wine-vine
30、worse-verse wise-vice wail-vail wake-vague wane-vain Walt-vaultWhile we were walking,we were watching window washers wash Washingtons windows with warm washing water.Who washed Washingtons white woolen underwear when Washingtons washer woman went west?The crow flew over the river with a lump of raw
31、liver.Vincent vowed vengeance very vehemently.27第27页，共117页。/n+/k,g/,g/think/W Nk/anxious/5s/anchor /5Nk/frank/monkey /5mNk/conquer /5kNk/engage /5 Nge dV/finger/5f gE/single/5s gl/hungry/5hgr/language/5lgw dV/English/5 gl/k,g/28第28页，共117页。音节音节在英语中，元音发音响亮，一个元音可以构成一个音节，在英语中，元音发音响亮，一个元音可以构成一个音节，如如 I/a/
32、、ear/；一个元音和一个或几个辅音；一个元音和一个或几个辅音结合也可以构成音节，如结合也可以构成音节，如man/mn/、stand/stnd/。一般来说，元音可以构成音节，辅音不。一般来说，元音可以构成音节，辅音不响亮，不能构成音节，但英语中的四个辅音响亮，不能构成音节，但英语中的四个辅音/l/、/m/、/n/、/N/发音也很响亮，它们和其他辅音发音也很响亮，它们和其他辅音结合，也可以构成音节叫结合，也可以构成音节叫成节音成节音，往往出现在词尾，往往出现在词尾，一般是非重读音节，如一般是非重读音节，如apple/5pl/、reason/5ri:zn/。29第29页，共117页。单词重音单词重
33、音 双音节词双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读一般在第一个音节重读:letter sorry England movement exercise b)有有 a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音:about believe address decide condemn respect compare inform discuss impress mistake enforce prepare employ pe
34、rmit escape produce exclaim translate report 30第30页，共117页。c)有有 de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上:record-record insult-insult conduct-conduct present-present desert-desert import-import produce-produce object-object d)有些复合词和带有前缀有些
35、复合词和带有前缀 re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,-teen等的词，有两个重音等的词，有两个重音:outside retell well-known unreal fourteen Chinese pre-war post-war31第31页，共117页。单词重音单词重音 多音节词多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音一般倒数第三个音节是重音:5difficult 5communist 5family e5conomy 5exercise 5interesting oppor5tunity de5mocracy possi5bility b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节
36、，但这些词按原来有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音词根的重音读音:5carefully in5definite 5comfortable con5ductor ac5cording dis5turbance 5complicated es5tablishment 32第32页，共117页。c)词尾有词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,-ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上:5courteous cal5ligr
37、aphy edi5torial his5torian mathe5matics ex5perience suf5ficient i5dentify trans5lation re5ligious curi5osity pro5tective mathema5tician d)词尾有词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音次重音:enter5tain employ5ee mountai5neer Japa5nese ciga5rette33第33页，共117页。复合词的重音复合词的重音复合名词的重音一般
38、在第一个音节上复合名词的重音一般在第一个音节上5blackboard 5anybody 5handbag 5bookstore 5hot dog 5classroom 5pickpocket 5lifestyle 5website 5sleeping car com5puter games 5middle school 5sitting room 复合动词的重音一般在第二个音节复合动词的重音一般在第二个音节 9ill5treat 9over5do 有些复合词有双重音有些复合词有双重音 5kind5hearted 5three-5legged 5after5noon少数复合词的重音在第二个音节上
39、少数复合词的重音在第二个音节上 what5ever your5self through5out 34第34页，共117页。有些复合词的重音位置对词义的变化有影响有些复合词的重音位置对词义的变化有影响5darkroom 暗房暗房 5dark 5room 黑暗的房间黑暗的房间 5greenhouse 温室温室 5green 5house 绿色的房屋绿色的房屋 5bluebottle 矢车菊矢车菊 5blue 5bottle 兰色的瓶子兰色的瓶子 5blackboard 黑板黑板 5black 5board 黑色的木板黑色的木板5English book 英语教材英语教材 5English 5boo
40、k 英文书英文书 (printed in English)35第35页，共117页。5blackbird 乌鸫乌鸫,贩卖黑奴贩卖黑奴 5black 5bird 黑色的鸟黑色的鸟5shorthand 速记速记 5short 5hand 时针时针5toy shop 玩具店玩具店 5toy 5shop 玩具商店玩具商店(玩具玩具)5baby doctor 儿科医生儿科医生 5baby 5doctor 年轻的医生年轻的医生5White House 白宫白宫 5white 5house 白色的房屋白色的房屋36第36页，共117页。重音的转移重音的转移5after5noon 5this after5no
41、on 5afternoon 5tea5four5teen Hes four5teen.5fourteen 5years5Chi5nese Were Chi5nese.the 5Chinese 5people5un5known 5quite un5known an 5unknown 5fact5in5side 5come in5side an 5inside 5seat37第37页，共117页。音的变化音的变化在实际交际中，音素总是一连串地发出，说话或朗读时，我们是以短语或在实际交际中，音素总是一连串地发出，说话或朗读时，我们是以短语或句子为单位的。在单词、短语或句子中，音素的相互影响会引起因素
42、发音句子为单位的。在单词、短语或句子中，音素的相互影响会引起因素发音的变化的变化辅音连缀辅音连缀/sp/speak spill spot spade The spy speaks no truth./st/star stay story study steam stand stare stare at the stars/sk/skate sky skin school sketch 38第38页，共117页。其他其他sphere Sphinx small smoke smog snow snob sleep slave sweep sway Swiss print twice twin tw
43、elve class cry cream cross quite quick queen blue blind bread bright glass globe grow green clear climb dwell fly flesh flag from afraid three throw thrice shrimp spring spread spray splash street strong scream describe split square squat straight 39第39页，共117页。词尾的辅音连缀词尾的辅音连缀caps books desks stops do
44、gs leaves clothes ribs tools doors bridges oranges watches stopped coughed asked watched laughed robbed killed begged called holds bathed closed rests breasts giftscosts fields seemed spends 40第40页，共117页。He could read ten pages in three minutes.The six small foxes fight for the cakes on the desks.He
45、 likes playing tricks on others.She stopped and asked for directions.He spends a lot of time working in his corn fields.He lends all his money to his classmates.Id go to the ends of the earth to see her again.41第41页，共117页。连读连读辅音辅音+元音元音come out look at take it off beat it drop in put on bend over kee
46、p onan orange one of us half an hour read it stand up put it on not at all first of all a cup of tea take it easy back in a minute in an hour pick it up an hour and a half let him in A group of people put on their coats and went out.42第42页，共117页。/r/+元音元音 far away after all for ever a pair of our own
47、 there is for example After all,this is our own home.元音元音+元音元音go on how old go away try again I love you and all.How are you?No end Say it again.I am who elseWe are.see it try it see off any other we agree May I?two oclock in the afternoon 43第43页，共117页。连读练习连读练习Take a look at it.Ill be back in half a
48、n hour.Will it take a lot of time to go to town on foot?There is a pair of shoes.She was away from her own country for a long time.Shall we meet at ten oclock tomorrow morning?Each of us had a sandwich and a cup of tea.Is it very cloudy outside?Those who are quick can go early.Do I have to do every
49、exercise?Many of us will go out tonight.Everybody can see that he is blue in the face.44第44页，共117页。失去爆破和不完全爆破失去爆破和不完全爆破爆破音爆破音+爆破音爆破音blackboard goodbye football active postcard September Octobergood girl next time first period stop talking bad cold pocket book keep quiet sit down wet ground next door
50、 waste time a great dealhard times quite different take care 45第45页，共117页。爆破音爆破音+其他辅音其他辅音advice picture advance redfish lipstick upstairs thanks old friends loud voice get there ask them deep snow good jobs short story red stars a bit shy a big child first visit get through quite sure just then good
