1、What is a paragraph?o It is a part of a larger piece of writing composition.o A paragraph is a unit of thought.It must be about one single topic.o Each sentence should be logically and structurally joined to the one before it.o A paragraph must be adequately充分地 developed.Paragraph Structure 段落结构 o T
2、opic Sentence (Beginning)主题句o Supporting ideas/sentences 支撑句o Concluding sentence 结论句Find out the topic sentence,supporting sentences and the concluding sentence of the following paragraph.o Music affects us in many ways.It can affect us physiologically.Exciting music can increase our heart rate,our
3、 breathing,and our blood pressure.Calming music can relax our muscles and even lower our skin temperature.Music can affect us physically too.Everyone has found themselves tapping their feet or wanting to get up and dance to their favorite song.Music can definitely affect our mood and emotions.Music
4、is slow and quiet makes us feel relaxed and less stressed,and stimulating music can energize us and make us feel playful and alive.Find out the topic sentence,supporting sentences and the concluding sentence of the following paragraph.o Music affects us in many ways.It can affect us physiologically.
5、Exciting music can increase our heart rate,our breathing,and our blood pressure.Calming music can relax our muscles and even lower our skin temperature.Music can affect us physically too.Everyone has found themselves tapping their feet or wanting to get up and dance to their favorite song.Music can
6、definitely affect our mood and emotions.Music is slow and quiet makes us feel relaxed and less stressed,and stimulating music can energize us and make us feel playful and alive.Topic sentence 主题句o at the beginning:mostly o at the end:sometimes o in the middle：rarely Please write a topic sentence for
7、 the following paragraph.o Some sportsmen use music to help them train and perform better.People listen to music to pass the time while driving through traffic.Couples might use music to create a romantic evening.Some businesses even use music to increase productivity and efficiency.Please write a t
8、opic sentence for the following paragraph.o We/People often use music to do certain things.Some sportsmen use music to help them train and perform better.People listen to music to pass the time while driving through traffic.Couples might use music to create a romantic evening.Some businesses even us
9、e music to increase productivity and efficiency.A topic sentence shouldo be a complete sentence.(subject+Verb)o control all the supporting ideas.o be clear and concise.o not too general,and not too specific.o Music affects us in many ways.It can affect us physiologically.Exciting music can increase
10、our heart rate,our breathing,and our blood pressure.Calming music can relax our muscles and even lower our skin temperature.Music can affect us physically too.Everyone has found themselves tapping their feet or wanting to get up and dance to their favorite song.Music can definitely affect our mood a
11、nd emotions.Music is slow and quiet makes us feel relaxed and less stressed,and stimulating music can energize us and make us feel playful and alive.Too Generalo Music is good for us.It can affect us physiologically.Exciting music can increase our heart rate,our breathing,and our blood pressure.Calm
12、ing music can relax our muscles and even lower our skin temperature.Music can affect us physically too.Everyone has found themselves tapping their feet or wanting to get up and dance to their favorite song.Music can definitely affect our mood and emotions.Music is slow and quiet makes us feel relaxe
13、d and less stressed,and stimulating music can energize us and make us feel playful and alive.Too Specifico Music affects us physiologically,physically,and emotionally.Exciting music can increase our heart rate,our breathing,and our blood pressure.Calming music can relax our muscles and even lower ou
14、r skin temperature.Everyone has found themselves tapping their feet or wanting to get up and dance to their favorite song.Music is slow and quiet makes us feel relaxed and less stressed,and stimulating music can energize us and make us feel playful and alive.Supporting Sentences Supporting sentences
15、 shouldo describe,explain,and prove the topic sentence.o be close to the topic sentence.o support the topic sentence.o be close to each other.o be logical.Direction:decide which is the topic sentence of the paragraph first.Then,arrange the supporting sentences in logical order.o a.Later on,people be
16、gan to write on pieces of leather,which were rolled into scrolls.o b.In the earliest times,people carved(carve:雕刻)or painted messages on rocks.o c.In the Middle Ages,heavy paper called parchment（羊皮纸）was used for writing;books were laboriously（艰苦地，费力地）copied by hand.o d.With the invention of the prin
17、ting press（印刷机）in the middle of the fifteenth century,the modern printing industry was born.o e.Some forms of written communication have been used through out the centuries.o Some forms of written communication have been used through out the centuries.In the earliest times,people carved or painted m
18、essages on rocks.Later on,people began to write on pieces of leather,which were rolled into scrolls.In the Middle Ages,heavy paper called parchment was used for writing;books were laboriously copied by hand.With the invention of the printing press in the middle of the fifteenth century,the modern pr
19、inting industry was born.Read the following paragraph carefully.Then underline the controlling idea and cross out the sentences that do not help to develop the controlling idea.o Once people were very much afraid of ghosts鬼.Their fear led them to develop elaborate精细的 rituals典礼 to ward off 避开 encount
20、ers遭遇 with the dead.For example,since primitive原始的 people believed that ghosts could capture their spirit at funerals葬礼,they carried wooden images of themselves in the hope that the ghosts would be fooled into carrying off the images.Images have been popular with people from primitive times until to
21、day.Once people believed that taking a picture of someone would rob the person of his or her soul灵魂.It is possible,too,that the tradition of sitting up with the dead comes from a belief that ghosts escape in the night.Certainly the ritual of laying tombstones墓碑 is derived from a superstition迷信 about
22、 the dead.People once believed that stones piled on top of a grave would keep the dead persons ghost from escaping and haunting（haunt:鬼神出没）the living.Eventually the number of stones diminished减少 until only one stone,the tombstone,was left as a reminder 提醒of the ancient superstition迷信.Read the follow
23、ing paragraph carefully.Then underline the controlling idea and cross out the sentences that do not help to develop the controlling idea.o Once people were very much afraid of ghosts鬼.Their fear led them to develop elaborate精细的 rituals典礼 to ward off 避开 encounters遭遇 with the dead.For example,since pr
24、imitive原始的 people believed that ghosts could capture their spirit at funerals葬礼,they carried wooden images of themselves in the hope that the ghosts would be fooled into carrying off the images.Images have been popular with people from primitive times until today.Once people believed that taking a p
25、icture of someone would rob the person of his or her soul灵魂.It is possible,too,that the tradition of sitting up with the dead comes from a belief that ghosts escape in the night.Certainly the ritual of laying tombstones墓碑 is derived from a superstition迷信 about the dead.People once believed that ston
26、es piled on top of a grave would keep the dead persons ghost from escaping and haunting（haunt:鬼神出没）the living.Eventually the number of stones diminished减少 until only one stone,the tombstone,was left as a reminder 提醒of the ancient superstition迷信.Please write some supporting sentences for the followin
27、g topic sentenceo The New Year is a time for resolution.Please write some supporting sentences for the following topic sentenceo The New Year is a time for resolution.o Mentally,at least,most of us could compile formidable lists of dos and donts.We resolve to get up earlier each morning,eat less,fin
28、d more time to play with the children,do a thousand and one jobs about the house,be nice to people we dont like,drive carefully,and take the dog for a walk every day.However,most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them
29、out.We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways.Concluding Sentence Concluding Sentence o Concludes/summarizes the entire paragraph.o in conclusion;o in summary;o in brief;o in short;o to conc
30、lude;o to sum up;o all in all Which sentence is the concluding sentence of the following paragraph?o The cafeteria food is terrible in our campus.First of all,the mashed potatoes could be used to make a collage大杂烩.Next,the meat must be cut in small pieces because its too tough to chew.Finally,the ve
31、getables are cooked so long you cant tell the string beans from the spinach.In short,our school cafeteria serves food that is unfit for student consumption.o The cafeteria food is terrible in our campus.First of all,the mashed potatoes could be used to make a collage大杂烩.Next,the meat must be cut in
32、small pieces because its too tough to chew.Finally,the vegetables are cooked so long you cant tell the string beans from the spinach.In short,our school cafeteria serves food that is unfit for student consumption.Please write a short concluding sentence for the following paragraph.o Culture shock ha
33、s four main stages.In the first stage,everything in the host culture 东道国 is exciting and new.In the second stage,visitors start feeling frustrated失意的，受挫折的 due to problems.After this stage of frustration,visitors start to relax and laugh more.In the final stage,the visitors start to feel adjusted（adj
34、ust调整，使适合）in the host country.o Concluding Sentence:?Please write a short concluding sentence for the following paragraph.o Culture shock has four main stages.In the first stage,everything in the host culture is exciting and new.In the second stage,visitors start feeling frustrated due to problems.A
35、fter this stage of frustration,visitors start to relax and laugh more.In the final stage,the visitors start to feel adjusted in the host country.o Following the initial初步的 adjustment调整period of living in a different culture,comes a true sense of belonging,being one with host culture.Please find out
36、the topic sentence and supporting ideas，and concluding sentence for the following paragraph.o Generally speaking,English is a difficult language for me to learn.For example,vocabulary is a problem.Sometimes,several words like“thin”,“slender”,“skinny”,or“slim”have almost the same meaning.How can you
37、tell which word to use?Pronunciation is hard also.My tongue will not make sounds such as“the”,“g”,and“k”.Furthermore,writing presents a whole group of different obstacles:grammar,word order,and spelling.These are only some of the difficulties I have with this language.o Generally speaking,English is
38、 a difficult language for me to learn.For example,vocabulary is a problem.Sometimes,several words like“thin”,“slender”,“skinny”,or“slim”have almost the same meaning.How can you tell which word to use?Pronunciation is hard also.My tongue will not make sounds such as“the”,“g”,and“k”.Furthermore,writin
39、g presents a whole group of different obstacles:grammar,word order,and spelling.These are only some of the difficulties I have with this language.Please find out the topic sentence and supporting ideas，and concluding sentence for the following paragraph.Make the following groups of sentences in orde
40、r by first choosing one as the topic sentence.o a.For example,you dont need many clothes.o b.However,despite these advantages,those who have lived in warm climates and in cold climates often prefer a cold climate because it is less monotonous and offers winter sports.o c.In addition,you dont have to
41、 shovel snow or pay heating bills.o d.Living in a place where the weather is always warm has its advantages.o e.You can wear light weight,inexpensive,and easy-to-clean cotton clothing all year.Make the following groups of sentences in order by first choosing one as the topic sentence.o d.Living in a
42、 place where the weather is always warm has its advantages.oa.For example,you dont need many clothes.oe.You can wear light weight,inexpensive,and easy-to-clean cotton clothing all year.oc.In addition,you dont have to shovel snow or pay heating bills.o b.However,despite these advantages,those who hav
43、e lived in warm climates and in cold climates often prefer a cold climate because it is less monotonous and offers winter sports.Which sentence does not develop the controlling idea?o Topic sentence:I enjoy weekends.o a.I can sleep late on Saturday morning.o b.My friends and I can visit and run arou
44、nd.o c.I can do all kinds of shopping.o d.School assignments are due on Sunday.o e.We usually go for a ride on Sunday afternoons.Which sentence does not develop the controlling idea?o Topic sentence:I enjoy weekends.o a.I can sleep late on Saturday morning.o b.My friends and I can visit and run arou
45、nd.o c.I can do all kinds of shopping.o d.School assignments are due on Sunday.o e.We usually go for a ride on Sunday afternoons.What makes a good paragraph?Effective Paragraphso A paragraph is a unit of thought;it is at once a unit in itself and part of a larger whole,that is,the essay.o A paragrap
46、h is like a mini-essay;it should be unified统一的,coherent连贯的 and well developed.Paragraph Unityo A paragraph is unified when all the sentences in the paragraph are focused on one central thought or on a single topic.o When you want to introduce a new thought or topic,you should begin a new paragraph.P
47、aragraph Unityo Unity of a paragraph is concerned with its content.o If all the sentences in the paragraph lead to one central theme一个中心思想,the paragraph is unified.o The central theme is usually summarized in what is called the topic sentence.o It often appears at the beginning of the paragraph;howe
48、ver,it may also be found in the middle or at the end of a paragraph.o My fathers face is rough.His complexion面色 is leathery像皮革的 and wrinkled皱的.There are large pores毛孔 in the skin that cover his nose and cheeks.His nose,broken twice in his life,makes him look like a boxer who has lost too many fights
49、.His mouth,unless he smiles,looks hard and threatening.His chin is massive厚重 and angular尖角的.Shaved or not,my fathers face is rugged.oMy father is very strict with his children,especially me.he wont let me out of work.Frankly,I dont care whether I go to school or not.School is such a waste of time.Th
50、ere arent any good jobs,anyway.My mother doesnt agree with my father.They quarrel a lot.Sometimes I wish they would get a divorce,but then who would I live with?o My fathers face is rough.His complexion面色 is leathery像皮革的 and wrinkled皱的.There are large pores毛孔 in the skin that cover his nose and chee
