1、2021年北京市西城区中考英语一模试卷一、单项填空（共6 分，每小题0.5 分）从下面各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1（0.5分）We all like the book Lonely Planet. It tells _ a lot about the world.AusBhimCherDthem2（0.5分）My home is _ my school. It is only five minutes walk.AforBonCnearDat3（0.5分）Susan is ill， _ she is not at school today.Athou
2、ghBbutCorDso4（0.5分）Mom， it is really hot today. May I have some icecream？Of course you _.AshouldBmustCneedDcan5（0.5分）_ did you visit the National Museum last time？About a year ago.AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere6（0.5分）The mind exercise is as _ as body exercise.AimportantBmore importantCmost importantDthe most i
3、mportant7（0.5分）The students _ on the playground when it began to rain.ArunBare runningCwere runningDwill run8（0.5分）Jack， would you like something to eat？No， thank you. I _ a big meal.AhaveBhave hadCwas havingDhad9（0.5分）There is a new park next to my home. I _ a walk there every day.AtookBtakeCwas ta
4、kingDhave taken10（0.5分）When Helen Keller was 7， she _ to learn to read by using her fingers.AstartsBstartedCwill startDhas started11（0.5分）It is said that a starship _ to Mars around 2030.AsendsBwill sendCis sentDwill be sent12（0.5分）Do you know _？She lost her passport yesterday.Awhy does Lisa miss th
5、e flightBwhy did Lisa miss the flightCwhy Lisa misses the flightDwhy Lisa missed the flight二、完形填空（共 8 分，每小题1 分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。13（8分）Vertical Gardens Henrietta did not have a big yard. She only had a small deck （平台） overlooking a tiny piece of grass. It was not enough ya
6、rd for her dog to play on. She（1） a garden really bad， but did not have space. What could she do？ For a while， she just kept a few plants in pots on the deck. They took up space and there was hardly any space for her table and chairs. So， she made some flower boxes with rope to put plants in. She（2）
7、 one on her window and put two more on the bars， which were great for flowers. This helped for a time， but she still longed for more. She（3） got an idea： if she couldnt build out， why not build up？ She had heard of vertical gardening from a friend. She had wooden fences （栅栏） all around her little pi
8、ece of grass， so if she could fix some pots to the fence， she could（4） up into that space， and her dog could still play. She went to the building store and got some supplies. It was（5） to find pots that would fit what she had in mind. So she looked around to find something else for her vertical gard
9、en. Then she had an idea with rain gutters （排水槽）. Rain gutters could hold water， so why not plants？ She decided to（6） them. Back at home， she fixed the boards to her fence for supporting the gutters. She put caps on the end and extra supports in the middle. Then she filled them with potting soil and
10、 planted three long rows of（7） . A few days later， there were new leaves. Weeks later， she was harvesting vegetables to eat. She went all out then， lining all three walls of her fence with more long rain gutter planters. She had made her vertical garden! Best of all， her dog， Skippy， still had（8） to
11、 run and play.（1）A. wantedB. hatedC. missedD. treated（2）A. hidB. openedC. hungD. carried（3）A. almostB. seldomC. finallyD. hardly（4）A. moveB. lookC. climbD. garden（5）A. quickB. hardC. funD. convenient（6）A. tryB. sellC. coverD. repair（7）A. grassB. treesC. flowersD. vegetables（8）A. timeB. roomC. energy
12、D. interest三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。（共 26 分，每小题 2 分）14（6分）Best Gifts for Your Teen Friends Shopping for your teen friends birthday gifts can be difficult.Each year，we pay close attention to the newest gifts hitting the market.Below，weve created such a list，choosing some of the ho
13、ttest items on store shelves right now.Colorchanging Lamp Speaker36.00With a simple touch，this speaker lamp changes color，plays music and helps them sleep.They can even bring it with them on camping trips since it runs for up to 120 hours.Harry Potter Paperback Box Set80.00If theyre getting sick of
14、borrowing the local librarys copies，then they need a complete collection of Harry Potter books to call their own.This set comes with all seven books in the series （系列）.The Mind Card Game20.00This is a board game that encourages true teamwork，because the number one rule is No talking!If successful，th
15、eyll be amazed at how well they work with their teammates without using any words.Bluetooth Wireless （无线） Smart Beanie15.00Trying to wear headphones and a hat at the same time is usually uncomfortable.This smart beanie can keep their ears warm in winter，while allowing them to listen to their favorit
16、e playlists for up to five hours.Also，its washable as long as you take out the battery （电池） .（1）Which gift encourages teamwork？ A.The Mind Card Game.B.Harry Potter Paperback Box Set.C.Colorchanging Lamp Speaker.D.Bluetooth Wireless Smart Beanie.（2）How much should you pay for a colorchanging lamp spe
17、aker？ A.80.00.B.36.00.C.20.00.D.15.00.（3）The Bluetooth Wireless Smart Beanie .A.comes with all seven booksB.can run for five hours in winterC.can change color and help one sleepD.follows the number one rule No talking!15（6分）Field Day Its time for Field Day again， thought Carly as she started the las
18、t week of school. Carly was not looking forward to it. Why does everybody make a big deal out of it？ Carly asked her mom. Well，its supposed to be a fun day and a day to let yourself go， said Carlys mom. Im not good at any of those games that are played，and Im afraid the kids are going to laugh at me
19、.Maybe I can stay home and miss Field Day， said Carly. Mary was Carlys closest friend，and they walked to school every day. Arent you excited about Field Day？ Mary asked Carly. No，I dont care about such a silly day.No one ever picks me for their team because Im not good at those games， answered Carly
20、. Mary felt bad and she told her mom how unexcited Carly was and wondered what she could do to cheer her friend up. See if you can get in a game that you know Carly is good at， suggested Marys mom.Mary thought for a moment and said that she knew Carly loved to play horseshoes，and was really good at
21、that game.She was also good at the water balloon toss （投掷） too. Field Day finally arrived.Mary came by Carlys house for their daily walk to school.Carly was very quiet on the way to school. I hear they are going to have horseshoes this year and also a water balloon game， Mary said. Really？I love hor
22、seshoes，and I am pretty good at catching those water balloons， said Carly.Suddenly，Carly felt more excited about going to school and starting Field Day than she had ever been. The games began and Carly had the best Field Day ever!Her team won first place in the water balloon toss thanks to her，and s
23、he got a ribbon （绶带） for second place in horseshoes. What a great day! Carly said to Mary.Carly is now looking forward to Field Day next year!（1）Carly wasnt looking forward to Field Day at first because .A.she didnt have friends to go with herB.her friend Mary wasnt excited about itC.her mom told he
24、r that it wasnt fun at allD.she wasnt good at those games that were played（2）In the story，Mary .A.tried hard to cheer Carly upB.won first place this Field DayC.taught Carly how to play horseshoesD.stayed at home and missed this Field Day（3）Carly will probably next Field Day.A.invite her family to jo
25、in herB.make a completely new ruleC.take an active part in the gamesD.plan the whole event for her school16（6分）Imagine that your friend is cutting the cake to share with all the guests at the birthday party. The first three guests are handed large pieces of cake， while you are handed a teenytiny one
26、. How would you feel？ Is this fair？ Most of us have a clear sense of what is fair and what is not， but where does this come from？ Scientists try to study fairness in primate species （灵长类物种） to understand how fairness came about. Fairness often involves equal outcomes （平等的结果） Do monkeys behave in way
27、s that lead to equal outcomes？ To find out， scientists give monkeys choices about how to share food. Scientists ask a monkey to choose between two optionsto provide a piece of food just for themselves， or to provide food for another monkey nearby， as well as for themselves （Figure 1）. If monkeys are
28、 trying to achieve equal outcomes， they would give food to both themselves and another. Do they？ Sometimes.The left monkey has just chosen the board to give food to himself and the neighboring monkey.The left monkey has just chosen the board that provides food for himself only.（Figure 1） Whether mon
29、keys favor equal outcomes seems to depend on the species. The species which live in groups will prefer equal outcomes， but not all the time. What else might be influencing whether monkeys create equal outcomes？ If the two monkeys are friends， one is more likely to share food with the other. It also
30、seems that monkeys would make the equal choice when they cannot see the actual foodsome scientists use pictures of food. But wait， does effort matter？ Scientists have developed a way to test whether monkeys prefer everyone to be paid equally for doing the same work. In this study， monkeys are traine
31、d to work for food by exchanging small coins with a scientist. To determine if and how monkeys respond to unfairness， scientists have two monkeys take turns exchanging coins and give them different foodtheir favorite food or a lesspreferred food （Figure2）. If the monkey getting the lesspreferred foo
32、d refuses to keep exchanging coins， scientists conclude the monkeys respond to unfairness.The monkey on the left exchanges the coin for a piece of banana. Next， the neighbor monkey will also exchange a coin， but receive a lesspreferred piece of food.（Figure 2） The results of the study have suggested
33、 differences across monkey species. Generally， monkeys living in groups do not respond to unfairness， while other monkeys do respond to it. However， monkeys do not appear to mind if they get a better food than others. All in all， monkeys sense of fairness does not seem to be as welldeveloped as our
34、own. By studying their preferences for fairness and responses to unfair situations， we can learn more about how these values developed in humans. And this also helps us to better understand the natural world and how to care for animals as well.（1）In the first monkey study， .A. scientists use more pi
35、ctures of food than actual foodB. scientists let monkeys choose from a variety of foodsC. the left monkey will get no food if it provides food for anotherD. the left monkey can choose between two ways of providing food（2）What can we learn from these monkey studies？ A. Monkeys living in groups value
36、effort more.B. Monkeys of different species enjoy different work.C. Not all monkeys stop working when treated unfairly.D. Monkeys seem to mind if the neighbor gets less food.（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？ A. Do Monkeys Care What Is Fair？B. Can Equal Outcomes Bring
37、 Fairness？C. Why Do Monkeys Value Fairness and Effort？D. How Do Monkeys Develop a Sense of Fairness？17（8分）Weve all experienced failure.Whether we like it or not，failure is part of life.How people respond to it is of great importance both to their decisions and achievements.Some are likely to have su
38、ch expectations： If I should reach that goal，how happy would I feel？ In a recent study，we wanted to understand how such expectations may change in the face of failure.Are people able to predict their own happiness？ The old saying the grass is always greener on the other side suggests that people spe
39、nd much of their time searching for things they cant have.In other words，the harder it is to achieve，the higher the valuation.But is this a good model for how ordinary people process failure？According to the story The Fox and the Grapes，failure often leads us to drop our initial （最初的） plan.In the st
40、ory，the fox jumps with all his strength，yet he fails to reach the grapes.Finally，he walks away，concluding that the grapes were sour （酸的） anyway. So，which is it：greener grass or sour grapes？We did an experiment to determine how people react to failure. In the study，about 1，200 participants （参加者） rece
41、ived either good or poor feedback （反馈） on the practice trial of a test.Half of them were told that they had performed in the bottom 20 percent，while the other half，in the top 20 percent.They were then asked to predict how they would feel if they earned a high score on the actual test. The research r
42、esults showed that those who received poor feedback on the practice trial predicted that they would feel less happiness and less pride，compared to those who received strong feedback.However，when they received a top score on the actual test later，they were just as happy as the other half，and much hap
43、pier than they had predicted before.This suggests that the initial failure made people undervalue how good it would feel to succeed in the future. The question though，is why failure makes us downplay our future happiness.According to Professor Jon Elster，people dont always know what they want，and of
44、ten change their wishes to match what appears within reach.When the outcome doesnt fit the one they have of themselves，they protect themselves by devaluing the goalrather than devaluing themselves.In other words，when personal failure happens，one way of protecting our positive （积极的） sense of self is
45、to refuse to accept the emotional importance of future achievements. Detachment （超脱） from personal goals can be useful，if it helps people redirect their attention from the impossible to better and more achievable goals.However，if the sourgrape effect kicks in too early and people become fearful of f
46、ailure，they could miss out on the chance to try again and realize that what once seemed impossible is now within reach.（1）What does the story The Fox and the Grapes suggest？ A.The outcome valuation depends on what goal is set.B.Difficulties result in a higher achievement expectation.C.Past performan
47、ce doesnt help predict future happiness.D.Initial failure makes future success appear less attractive.（2）The word downplay in Paragraph 6 probably means .A.undervalueB.better understandC.destroyD.discover（3）What do we know from the passage？ A.The participants cared more about strong feedback.B.The happier people are those who predict less happiness.C.The participant
