1、 自动化专业英语自动化专业英语English for Specific Purpose of Automatization目目 录录I.Mechanical Technology Block(机械技术模块机械技术模块)II.Electronic Technology Block(电子技术模块电子技术模块)III.Electric Control Block(电气控制模块电气控制模块)IV.Automatic Detection Block(自动检测模块自动检测模块)V.Composite Application Block(综合应用模块综合应用模块).Mechanical Technology
2、 Block(机械技术模块机械技术模块)Lesson 1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)Lesson 2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合公差与配合)Lesson 3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类钢的种类)Lesson 4 Forging(锻造锻造)Lesson 5 Five Basic Machining Techniques(五种五种基本加工技术基本加工技术)下一页.Mechanical Technology Block(机械技术模块机械技术模块)Lesson 6 Jigs and Fixtures(钻模和夹具钻模和夹具)Lesson 7 H
3、ydraulic Power Transmission(液力传输液力传输)Lesson 8 Numerically Controlled Machine Tools(数数控机床控机床)Lesson 9 Turret Lathe Center(转塔式车削中心转塔式车削中心)Lesson 10 Flexible Manufacturing System(柔性制造柔性制造系统系统)上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)Working Drawings(I)During the design process,an engineer records ideas by me
4、ans of sketches and design drawings of prototypes and their development.Once satisfied with the degree of perfection,the sketches are handed over to the draftsman who takes off the detail and makes working drawings of the whole unit.A set of working drawings for a machine would include detail drawin
5、gs of the various parts and an assembly drawing showing how these parts are assembled to make up the complete machine.下一页返回Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)Detail drawingsThe detail drawing is used as the main reference in manufacture of individual components.It should contain sufficient information
6、to manufacture the part as well as suitable,fully dimensioned orthographic view of each part,together with other information that may be required in the manufacturing process.A complete detail drawing should contain at least the following information(not necessarily in order of importance).See Figur
7、e 1-1-1.下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)1.Sufficient orthographic views of the part concerned;2.Dimensions and instructional notes;3.Scale used;4.Projection used,for example,first or third angle;5.Drafting standard reference,for example,as 1 100;6.Name or title of drawing;7.Dimensional units
8、 which apply;8.Tolerances where necessary;9.Surface finish requirements;下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)10.Special treatments needed;11.Type of material used;12.Names of draftsman,checker,approver,etc.;13.Relevant dates of action by those concerned;14.Zone reference system when necessary;15.
9、Drawing sheet sine;16.Name of company or department as applicable;17.Drawing sheet reference,for example,sheet 1 to 2.下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)New Words and Expressions1.working drawings 工作图工作图2.sketch n.草图，简图草图，简图3.prototype prautataip n.原型，样机原型，样机4.development divelapmant n.发展，研制发展，
10、研制5.perfection n.完成，完美完成，完美6.draftsman dra:ftsman n.绘图员绘图员7.detail di:teil n.零件零件;细节细节,详细详细;详图详图下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)8.assembly asembli n.装配装配9.individual individjual adj.个别的个别的ponent kampaunant n.零件，部件零件，部件11.dimension n.尺寸尺寸12.orthographic adj.正交的，正投射的正交的，正投射的13.view vju:n.视图视图1
11、4.in order of 按照按照次序次序下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)15.instrctional adj.指导的，说明的指导的，说明的16.projectuion n.投影投影17.tolerance n.公差公差18.finish n.光洁度光洁度19.approver apruva n.批准者批准者20.relevant relivant adj.有关的，相关的有关的，相关的21.zone zaun n.带，范围，区域带，范围，区域22.applicable adj.合适的，能应用的合适的，能应用的下一页返回上一页Lesson1 W
12、orking Drawings(工作图工作图)NotesOnce satisfied with the degree of perfection,the sketches are handed over to the draftsman who takes off the detail and makes working drawings of the whole unit.句中句中who引导限定性定语从句，修饰引导限定性定语从句，修饰the draftsman。takes off意为意为:复复制。制。译文译文:当对设计感到完美时，草图就交给绘图员绘制设备的整套工作当对设计感到完美时，草图就交
13、给绘图员绘制设备的整套工作图。图。下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)A set of working drawings for a machine would include detail drawings of the various parts and an assembly drawing showing how these parts are assembled to make up the complete machine.句中句中showing是现在分词短语作定语，修饰是现在分词短语作定语，修饰an assembly drawing。h
14、ow 引导宾语从句。引导宾语从句。译文译文:一套机器的工作图包括各个零件的零件图和一张装配图，装配一套机器的工作图包括各个零件的零件图和一张装配图，装配图显示这些零件如何装配成完整的机器。图显示这些零件如何装配成完整的机器。下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)It should contain sufficient information to manufacture the part as well as suitable,fully dimensioned orthographic view of each part,together with
15、other information that may be required in the manufacturing process.句中句中to manufacture the part是不定式短语作目的状语。是不定式短语作目的状语。that引导限定引导限定性定语从句，修饰性定语从句，修饰other information。译文译文:它应包含制造零件足够的信息，还有各个零件适当的具有完整它应包含制造零件足够的信息，还有各个零件适当的具有完整尺寸的视图以及制造零件所需的其他信息。尺寸的视图以及制造零件所需的其他信息。下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作
16、图)Working Drawings(II)Assembly drawingsAssembly drawings are primarily used to show how a number of components are fitted together to make a complete product unit.The term subassembly is commonly applied to a product unit which combines with other subassemblies to make an assembly.For example,an ass
17、embly drawing of a motor car engine would show a number of complete units included on the drawing.Each of these units is referred to as a subassembly of the engine assembly.下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)Assembly drawings may be divided into two types depending on the proposed use:1.General
18、 assembly where the main purpose is to identify the individual components and show their working relationship;2.Working or detailed assembly combined detail and general assembly drawing which provides the function of both types.Features of a general assembly drawing are:1.Views are selected which sh
19、ow how the parts fit together and indicate how the unit may function.下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)2.Sectional views are used to eliminate the use of hidden detail lines where possible.3.Dimensions which relate to the function of the unit as a whole are indicated,for example,the maximum an
20、d minimum operating heights of the jack.4.Individual components are identified by the use of numbers contained in circles,which are connected by leaders to the related parts.5.A parts list relates to the numbers on the drawing and identifies the component.下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)6.A
21、revision table is provided to record modifications to individual components which may occur from time to time.7.Some assemblies may be so large that it is necessary to draw different views of the assembly on separate sheets.Features of a working assembly drawing are:1.Only simple assemblies are draw
22、n in this manner as views have to be chosen which show the assembly relationship as well as sufficient dimensional details of individual components to enable their manufacture.下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图工作图)2.It is ideally suited to furniture construction drawings where the assembly views a
23、re not complex and details of joints may be enlarged and shown as partial views.The information provided on a general assembly drawing is somewhat different from that required on a detail drawing.Information on the manufacture of individual parts is not required,for example,surface finish,tolerances
24、 or treatments.However,assembly instructions are required as dimensions which may be used for installation purposes or which are relevant to the operation of the assembly as a working unit.返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合公差与配合)Limits of size and toleranceSince it is accepted that it is virtual
25、ly impossible to manufacture a part without error,or in the rare event of a part without error,to be able to proclaim it to be perfect(because the measuring instruments are subject to errors),it is necessary to indicate the maximum errors permitted.The draughts man must indicate the largest and smal
26、lest sizes that can be permitted without the part functioning incorrectly.The extreme dimensions are called the limits of size,and the difference between them is called the tolerance.The method of indicating,on a drawing,the permitted tolerance depends mainly upon the type of operation involved,but
27、local preference must also be taken into account.下一页返回Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合公差与配合)FitsFits are concerned with the relationship between two parts.Consider a shaft and hole combination:if the shaft is larger than the hole,the condition is said to be of interference;and if smaller than the h
28、ole,the condition is said to be of clearance.In order that the precise condition is ensured,the limits of size of both the shaft and the hole must be stipulated.Fits can be classified as follows:clearance fit,interference fit,and transitional fit.Hole-based system and shaft-based system下一页返回上一页Lesso
29、n2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合公差与配合)In order to obtain a range of degrees of clearance,and the degrees of interference,it is necessary to use a wide variation of hole sizes and shaft sizes.For example,a manufacturing company could be making a number of parts,all of a nominal 25 mm diameter,but which a
30、ll slightly different in actual limits of size,to suit the actual fit required by each pair of parts.This situation could mean that a large number of drills,reamers,gauges,etc.,were required.It is logical that,to reduce this number,a standard hole could be used for each nominal sine,and variation of
31、 fit be obtained by making the mating shaft smaller or larger than the hole.This is known as a hole-based system.下一页返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合公差与配合)New Words and Expressions1.virtually vaajuali adv.事实上，实质上事实上，实质上2.rare rea adj.罕见的，稀有的罕见的，稀有的3.proclaim prakleim vt.宣布，声明，显示宣布，声明，显示4.instru
32、ment instrument n.仪器，工具仪器，工具5.permit pamit v.许可，允许，准许许可，允许，准许6.draughts man 设计人员设计人员7.extreme ikstri:m adj.极限的，极端的极限的，极端的8.preference prefarans n.偏爱，优先选择偏爱，优先选择bination n.组合，配合组合，配合10.interference intafiarans n.过盈，干涉过盈，干涉下一页返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合公差与配合)11.clearance kliarans n.间隙间隙12.p
33、recise prisais adj.精确的，准确的精确的，准确的13.transitional adj.过渡的过渡的14.hole-based system 基孔制基孔制15.shaft-based system 基轴制基轴制16.drill dril n.钻头钻头17.reamer ri:ma n.铰刀铰刀18.gauge n.标准尺，规格，量规，量表标准尺，规格，量规，量表19.mate meit v.连接，配合连接，配合20.depend upon 取决于取决于21.a range of 一系列的一系列的下一页返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合
34、公差与配合)NotesSince it is accepted that it is virtually impossible to manufacture a part without error,or in the rare event of a part without error,to be able to proclaim it to be perfect(because the measuring instruments are subject to errors),it is necessary to indicate the maximum errors permitted.句
35、中句中Since it is accepted.it to be perfect为原因状语从句，其中为原因状语从句，其中it是形是形式主语，真正的主语是式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。引导的主语从句。译文译文:要制造一个没有误差的零件，实际上是不可能的，或者即使偶要制造一个没有误差的零件，实际上是不可能的，或者即使偶然造出一个没有误差的零件，但并不表明该零件是绝对正确无误的然造出一个没有误差的零件，但并不表明该零件是绝对正确无误的(因为测量仪器也存在误差因为测量仪器也存在误差)。下一页返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合公差与配合)由于这一点
36、已得到公认，因此有必要注出最大容许误差。由于这一点已得到公认，因此有必要注出最大容许误差。The method of indicating,on a drawing,the permitted tolerance depends mainly upon the type of operation involved,but local preference must also be taken into account.句中句中indicating是动名词短语是动名词短语;on a drawing是介词短语作状语是介词短语作状语;the permitted tolerance是动名词是动名词in
37、dicating的宾语。的宾语。译文译文:在图纸上所标注的容许公差主要取决于所采用的加工方法，但在图纸上所标注的容许公差主要取决于所采用的加工方法，但还必需考虑到局部优先的原则。还必需考虑到局部优先的原则。下一页返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合公差与配合)Dimension MeasurementA machinist is mainly concerned with the measurement of length;that is the distance along a line between two points.It is length
38、that defines the sine of most object.Width and depth are simply other names for length.A machinist measures length in the basic units of linear measure such as inches,millimeters,and in advanced metrology wavelengths of light.In addition,the machinist sometimes needs to measure the relationship of o
39、ne surface to another,which is commonly called angularity.Squareness,which is closely related to angularity,is the measure of deviation from true perpendicularity.下一页返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合公差与配合)A machinist will measure angularity in the basic units of angular measure,degrees,minutes,
40、and seconds of arc.In addition to the measure of length and angularity,a machinist also needs to measure such things as surface finish,concentricity,straightness,and flatness.He or she also occasionally comes in contact with measurements that involve circularity,sphericity,and alignment.However,many
41、 of these more specialised measurement techniques are in the realm of the inspector or laboratory metrologist and appear infrequently in general machine shop work.返回上一页Lesson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类钢的种类)Steels can,depending on the amount of alloying elements,be roughly classified into a few groups:car
42、bon steels with less than 1%2%alloying elements(micro-alloyed),the widely used plain carbon steels are contained;low-alloy steels(1%5%alloying elements);high-alloy steels(5%30%alloying elements)etc.Plain carbon steels may be grouped under three heads.Low carbon steel(0.05%0.15%C);medium carbon steel
43、(0.15%0.60%C);and high carbon steel(0.60%1.5%C).Also classification of steels by applications results roughly in two main groups:constructional steels(0.90%C)and tool steels(0.5%2.0%C),while constructional steels may still be subdivided into many groups.下一页返回Lesson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类钢的种类)For some
44、 special applications,for example,for gears,bearings,springs,shafts etc.,the development of the many available steels has been carried out to obtain their functional and applicational properties as well as their manufacturing properties.Because of the alloying elements making alloy steels tougher,st
45、ronger,or harder than carbon steels,some alloying elements cause steel to resist corrosion and such steels are called stainless steels.Stainless steels contain a high percentage of chromium.Chromium also makes steels harder.Nickel is used in steel to increase strength and toughness.下一页返回上一页Lesson3 K
46、inds of Steels(钢的种类钢的种类)Some alloying elements make the grain of steel finer,thus increasing the hardness and strength of steel,because the finer the grain is,the stronger the steel becomes.Heat-resistant steel is made by adding some tungsten and molybdenum,while manganese increases the wear-resista
47、nce of steel.Vanadium steels resist corrosion and can stand shocks and vibration.Tools made of high-speed steel containing tungsten,chromium,vanadium and carbon,may do the work at much higher speeds than carbon tool steels.These steels permit cutting-edge temperatures in the range 500C600C.下一页返回上一页L
48、esson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类钢的种类)New Words and Expressions1.alloy n.合金合金vt.使成合金使成合金;合铸，熔合合铸，熔合2.classify vt.把把分类分类3.carbon ka:ban n.碳碳4.group gru:p vt.把把分组分组(归类归类)5.application n.应用应用;运用运用6.result n.结果结果7.result in 归于，导致归于，导致8.subdivide vt.再分再分;细分细分9.available aveilabal adj.可获得的可获得的;可用的可用的下一页返回上一页Les
49、son3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类钢的种类)10.function n.功用功用11.toughness tnfnis n.韧性韧性12.stainless steinlis adj.不锈的不锈的13.percentage n.百分数，百分率百分数，百分率14.chromium kraumiam n.铬铬15.nickel nikal n.镍镍16.grain grein n.晶粒晶粒17.tungsten n.钨钨18.molybdenum malibdinam n.钼钼19.manganese n.锰锰下一页返回上一页Lesson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类
50、钢的种类)20.vanadium vaneidiam n.钒钒21.alloying element 熔合元素熔合元素22.plain carbon steel 纯碳钢纯碳钢23.constructional steel 结构钢结构钢24.carry out 实现实现25.stainless steel 不锈钢不锈钢26.heat resistant 耐热的耐热的27.high-speed 高速度的高速度的28.cutting-edge 刀刃刀刃下一页返回上一页Lesson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类钢的种类)NotesFor some special applications
