1、动词的八大时态和语 态What is verb？T:Is Kiss a noun or a verb?？S:Its conjunction。Because when kisshappened,they must be mouth to mouth.1.Which words are verbs?2.How many kinds of verbs are there?3.Do you know anything about the verb tenses?类别类别意义意义例句例句行为动词行为动词Action Verbs系系 动动 词词Link Verbs助助 动动 词词Auxiliary Ver
2、bs情态动词情态动词Modal Verbs含有实在的意义，表示含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语独立作谓语。put,run 本身有一定的词义，但本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。与表语一起构成谓语。be look get，feel，本身没有词义，不能独本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式或其他语法形式.本身有一动的意义，但不能本身有一动的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动独立作谓语，只能和主
3、要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。动词没有人称和数的变化。She has some bananas.They eat a lot of potatoes.His father is a teacher.Twins usually look the same.He doesnt speak English.We are playing basketball.Do you have a brother?She had been to America.You can keep them for two week
4、s.May I smoke here?Review：动词种类动词种类分类：一般体一般体现在体现在体过去体过去体将来体将来体一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成进行现在完成进行时时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成进行过去完成进行过去将来时过去将来时时时将来进行时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成时考向一：一般体考向一：一般体考点考点1：一般现在时的用法：一般现在时的用法表示现状、性质、状态、经常发生的或表示现状、性质、状态、经常发生的或习惯性的动作，且常与习惯性的动作，且常与usually,always,every
5、 day,twice a week,seldom,sometimes 等频度副词连用。等频度副词连用。eg.John sometimes sits up very late.I eat breakfast every day.(注意：第三人称单数的变形注意：第三人称单数的变形)考向一：一般体考向一：一般体考点考点1：一般现在时的用法：一般现在时的用法表示客观事实或普遍现象。表示客观事实或普遍现象。eg.The sun rises in the east.Knowledge is power.主将从现：即如果主句是一般将来时，主将从现：即如果主句是一般将来时，那么时间，条件等状语从句中用一般现在
6、那么时间，条件等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。时表示将来。eg.If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.(注意：第三人称单数的变形注意：第三人称单数的变形)1.He,She,It He likes watching TV.2.单数可数名词单数可数名词，this,that,the+单数可数名词单数可数名词3.单个人名，地名，称呼作主语时单个人名，地名，称呼作主语时4.不可数名词作主语不可数名词作主语 Water is pure.5.数字或字母作主语时数字或字母作主语时 6 is a lucky number.6.someone,somebody,nobody,
7、everything,something 等不定代词作主语时等不定代词作主语时 Everyone is here.2)This book is yours.3)Beijing is in China.注意：第三人称单数注意：第三人称单数(哪些主语是哪些主语是“三单三单 ”)对应训练4题：1.My parents_in HongKong.they were born there and have never lived anywhere else.A.live B.lived C.were living D.will live2.Water _at 100.In such hot weather
8、,it wont take much time to boil water.A.boils B.is boiled C.will boil D.is boilingAA对应训练：3.-Youd better keep quiet in class.-Sometimes I _.Yesterday,I was as quiet as a mouse during my English class.A.would B.do C.did D.was4.We_(have)dinner at six oclock when JSTV _(start)to show the film If You Are
9、 Not the One.Bwill be havingstarts考点考点2 2：一般过去时：一般过去时(往往暗示现在“已不再这样)表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或表示表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或表示在过去某个时候发生的动作或状态。在过去某个时候发生的动作或状态。She went to the cinema last night with her boyfriend.When I was in the countryside,I often called on my old friends there.考点考点2 2：一般过去时：一般过去时(往往暗示现在“已不再这样)表示事先不知道或不记得，
10、但现在已知表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。道或记得的事情。Sorry,I didnt know you were here.注；背诵不规则动词过去式和过去分词表注；背诵不规则动词过去式和过去分词表teach taught taught,see saw see leave left left,make made made tell told told,talk talked talkedthink thought thought 考点考点3 3：一般将来时：一般将来时 will do 表从现在来看以后要发生的表从现在来看以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，指事物的固有属性或动作或存在
11、的状态，指事物的固有属性或必然趋势必然趋势。Fish will die without water.be going to do表示打算或计划要做某表示打算或计划要做某事；还表说话人根据已有的事实或迹象事；还表说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，对未来进行推断。对未来进行推断。They are going to meet outside the school gate.考点考点3 3：一般将来时：一般将来时 be about to do 表表即将即将.,因此不与因此不与表示时间副词或时间状语连用。表示时间副词或时间状语连用。The English evening is about to start.b
12、e to do表示按计划、安排即将发生表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作；还可表示的动作；还可表示“吩咐、命令、禁止等。吩咐、命令、禁止等。Theres to be a slide show this afternoon.You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.考点考点3 3：一般将来时：一般将来时 有些动词如：有些动词如：go,come,begin,leave,arrive,return,take等，其一般现在时、等，其一般现在时、现在进行时都可以表按计划或安排将要发现在进行时都可以表按计划或安排将要发生的动作或状态。生的动作或状态。Im leav
13、ing for Tibet on Sunday.对应训练6题：1.-Ann is in hospital -Oh,really?I _(not)know.I _(go)and visit her.2.-The telephone is ringing.-I_(answer)it.3.The sky is clouding over;we can see there _(be)a rainstorm.4.Its really time I went home but Im enjoying myself,so I_(stay)here a bit longer.didntwill gowill
14、answeris going to beam staying对应训练6题：5.On the stage in a theatre,where a consert _(hold),some young people were busily setting the musical instruments.6.-What did you do last Sunday,Peter?-Well,I_(go)to see a friend of mine,but in the end I stayed at home doing nothing.was to be heldwas going考向二：进行体
15、考点考点1：现在进行时的用法：现在进行时的用法表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或现阶表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作，由段正在进行的动作，由“be V-ing构成。构成。What are you doing?Im doing./He is doing.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作表示按计划安排即将发生的动作She is leaving for.tomorrow.考向二：进行体考点考点1：现在进行时的用法：现在进行时的用法与与always,forever,constantly,continually 等词连用表示赞赏，厌恶等感情色彩。等词连用表示赞赏，厌恶等感情色彩。He is alw
16、ays helping others.用进行时表示渐变过程用进行时表示渐变过程The food is getting cold.对应训练4题：1.-John,what_you_(hold)in your hand?-Look!Its a birthday gift for my grandma.2.-Tom,lets go and see if the football match has started.-Started?It has nearly got to the end.It must be clear who_(win)by now.3.-_Mr Brown_this week?(
17、work)-No.He is on holiday.4.How can I ever consentrate if you_ continually _ me with silly questions?(interrupt)are holdingis winningIs working areinterrupting 考向二：进行体考点考点2：过去进行时的用法：过去进行时的用法表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，由进行的动作，由“was/were V-ing构成。构成。She was watching TV at six yesterday?表示动作
18、在另一过去动作发生时进行表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行He was reading a novel when I came in.考向二：进行体考点考点2：过去进行时的用法：过去进行时的用法表示过去计划好或安排好的将来动作表示过去计划好或安排好的将来动作(只限于只限于come,go,leave,move,arrive,start,sail,travel,fly等等)He said she was arriving the next day.对应训练4题：1.-Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?-No!I _(do)my homework all day
19、yesterday.2.-Mum,you should have taken me to the park this morning.-I had planned to,but I couldnt afford the time.I _(give)a lecture.was doingwas giving3.-Hi,Susan,where were you at lunch time?I_(save)a seat for you in the coffee shop.-Oh,sorry to miss you.My political science class ran longer than
20、 usual.4.-I missed Jackies party last night because my car broke down.-Pity!You could have borrowed mine.I_(not use)it.was savingwasnt using考向三：完成体考点考点1：现在完成时：现在完成时1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。常用的状语有果，或说话时已完成的动作。常用的状语有：already,just,yet,never,before等。等。I have already posted th
21、e photos.2.表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在，往往和到现在，往往和for,since,up to now,recently,so far等表一段时间的状语连用。等表一段时间的状语连用。They have worked here since they left college.考向三：完成体3.It/This is the first/second time that(从句从句)。This/It is the first time I have been here.4.用在状语从句中表将来某时以前完成的用在状语从句中表将来某时以前完成的动作。动
22、作。When you have learned English,you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.对应训练5题：1.This is the first time we _(see)a film in the cinema together as a family.2.Excuse me,I wonder if you can help.I _(lose)my ID card.-But where did you lose it?3.Do you know our city of Xian at all?-No,not at all.Y
23、ou see,this is the first time I_(come)here.have seenhave losthave come4.Years ago we didnt know this,but recent science _(show)that woman who drink more than two cups of coffee every day are more likely to have heart disease than those who dont.5.By the time he realizes he _(walk)into a trap,itll be
24、 too late for him to do anything about it.has shownhas walked考向三：完成体考点考点2：过去完成时：过去完成时1.表示过去某一动作以前已经发生或完成了的表示过去某一动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作动作(过去的过去过去的过去)。时间状语用。时间状语用by,before等构等构成的短语，也可用时间状语或通过上下文的语成的短语，也可用时间状语或通过上下文的语境表示。境表示。He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.2.表动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到表动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到
25、过去的这一时间，而且还可能延续下去，常用时过去的这一时间，而且还可能延续下去，常用时间状语有：间状语有：by then,by the end of,by the time,until,before等。等。Until then he had known nothing about it yet.3.用在用在It was the first/secondtime thatThis was the first time that they had met in 39 years.4.It was 一段时间一段时间 sinceIt was ten years since we had had such
26、 a wonderful time.5.表愿望或打算一类的词，如表愿望或打算一类的词，如intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等等，其过去完成时表过去未曾实现的意图或希望，其过去完成时表过去未曾实现的意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。等，含有某种惋惜。I had intended to call you yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor.6.用在表用在表“刚一刚一就就”句型中。句型中。Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had 主语主语 V-ed when didN o s o o n
27、 e r h a d 主 语主 语 V-e d thandid.Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.对应训练7题：1.Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No.I _(read)the book,so I already knew the story.2.Suddenly everyone stopped talking,it became clear that something unexpected _(happen).But for a while,I didnt know w
28、hat it was.had readhad happened3.Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.-Oh!I thought they _(go)without me.4.John,a friend of mine,who got married only last week,spent$3,ooo more than he _(plan)for the wedding.5.The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous.S
29、he _(flow)before.had gonehad plannedhadnt flown6.No soon _the news than they rushed out into the street.A.they heard B.they had heard C.did they hear D.had they heard7.It was the third time that he _the same mistake.A.has made B.had made C.makes D.madeDB考向四：完成进行体现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在，表示
30、一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在，并有可能延续下去。完成进行体是完成体和进并有可能延续下去。完成进行体是完成体和进行体的结合。它具有未完成性、短暂性、感情行体的结合。它具有未完成性、短暂性、感情色彩等特点。色彩等特点。We have been discussing the matter several times this years.They have been living here for ten years.对应训练4题：1.The manager_(tell)the workers how to improve the program since 9am.2.I wonder if
31、 John has forgotten my number.I _(expect)him to call me for the past two hours.3.I havent seen Mary these past few days.Im afraid she _(feel)herself for some time.4.Hi,Tracy,you looked tired.-I am tired.I _(paint)the living room all day.has been tellinghave been expectinghasnt been feelinghave been
32、painting主动语态变被动语态主动语态变被动语态：主动语态变被动语态：三变三变三不变三不变三变三变：原句原句宾语宾语变变主语主语 原句原句主语主语变成变成byby短语短语 原句原句谓语动词谓语动词由由主动变被动主动变被动三不变三不变：时态不变：时态不变 句意不变句意不变 除主谓宾以外的成分不变除主谓宾以外的成分不变主动语态变被动语态考向五：主动语态和被动语态1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没必要指不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没必要指出谁是动作的执行者出谁是动作的执行者This jacket is made from cotton.2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者事件本身为了强调或突出动作的承受者
33、事件本身Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.3.在文章标题、广告、新闻中在文章标题、广告、新闻中Girls wanted.招女工招女工4.get+v-ed 可表被动可表被动对应训练5题：1.Why does the lake smell terrible?-Because large quantities of water _(pollute)2.Where can we get your new science fiction?-Im sorry.It _(print)and will come out next week.3.H
34、e _(regard)as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.have been pollutedis been printedwas regarded4.This Monday morning I was informed I _(choose)as one of the three exchange students from our college.5.-Your job _(keep)open for your return.-Thanks.had been
35、chosenwill be kept考向五：主动语态和被动语态考点考点2.主动形式表被动的意义主动形式表被动的意义1.系动词系动词(look,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,seem,appear等等)+adj./n.The dish tastes good.2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词表示开始、结束、运动的动词(begin,move,finish,close,open,start,stop等等)The store closes at 6pm every day.考向五：主动语态和被动语态考点考点2.主动形式表被动的意义主动形式表被动的意义3.表示主语的特点或特征的
36、动词表示主语的特点或特征的动词(read,write,sell,wash,wear,cut,lock,act,draw,drive,eat,drink,clean等等)Books of this kind sell well.The pen writes smoothly.4.介词介词in,on,under等等+n.构成介词短语表被构成介词短语表被动，常见的有：动，常见的有：under control/treatment/repair/discussion/construction;in print,on show对应训练3题：1.How did you like his speech?-Oh,it was very good.What he said _(sound)like poetry.2.What about the fashion experts opinions?-Oh,he thinks that clothes made of this material_(wear)comfortable,but _(not wash)easily.3.Where are you going?-To send for a carpenter;my door _(close)soundedweardont washwont close
