1、 现在完成时的定义现在完成时的定义 现在完成时的基本句型现在完成时的基本句型 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词现在完成时 The Present Perfect Tense 定义：定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。造成的影响或结果。I have opened the window already.(The window is open now.)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。My grandma has lived in Zhangzhou for forty years.Li Pi
2、ng has learned English for three years,so he can speak English well.We TheyYou 复数主语复数主语2.基本句型：基本句型：主语主语+助动词助动词 have/has+动词动词过去分词过去分词doneShe HeIt单数主语单数主语 +has done+have done3.动词过去式和动词过去式和过去分词过去分词的构成规则的构成规则 规则变化：规则变化：原形原形 -过去式过去式 -过去分词过去分词allow allowed -allowed look looked -lookedaccept -accepted -acc
3、epted 直接加直接加ed原形原形 -过去式过去式 -过去分词过去分词 refuse -refused -refused use -used -used lived -lived -lived以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的动结尾的动词直接加词直接加d原形原形 -过去式过去式 -过去分词过去分词 tidy -tidied -tidiedstudy -studied -studied 以辅音加以辅音加y结尾的动词，结尾的动词，把把y改为改为ied原形原形 -过去式过去式 -过去分词过去分词 chat -chatted -chatted stop -stopped -stopped prefer -
4、preferred-preferred 以重读闭以重读闭音节结尾的音节结尾的动词，双写动词，双写辅音字母再辅音字母再加加ed2.不规则变化：不规则变化：cost cut hit hurt letA A B 型型 cost cost cut cut hit hit hurt hurt let let A A A 型型 原形原形 -过去式过去式 -过去分词过去分词beat原形原形 -过去式过去式 -过去分词过去分词beat beatenbecome come run原形原形 -过去式过去式 -过去分词过去分词A B A 型型 A B B 型型 原形原形 -过去式过去式 -过去分词过去分词 brou
5、ght brought bought bought thought thought caught caught taught taughtbring buy think catch teach became become came come ran runwas/were beendid donewent gone began begun drank drunkrang rung sang sung swam swum A B C 型型 原形原形 -过去式过去式 -过去分词过去分词bedo/doesgobegin drink ring sing swim句型练习：句型练习：1.她她已经解答出已
6、经解答出那道数学题了。那道数学题了。She has worked out the math problem.2.我我已经做完已经做完作业了。现在我可以看电视了。作业了。现在我可以看电视了。I have finished doing the homework.Now I can watch TV.3.我我已经告诉已经告诉她那个好消息了她那个好消息了,她感到很高兴。她感到很高兴。I have told her the good news,and she feels very happy.肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+have/has+done否定否定句句:主语主语+havent/hasnt+doneS
7、he has worked out the math problem.否定句：否定句：She hasnt worked out the math problem.They have had some bread.否定句：否定句：They havent had any bread.一般疑问句一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语主语+done?肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes,主语主语+have/has.否定回答：否定回答：No,主语主语+havent /hasnt.We have finished the work.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：肯定回答：肯定回答：否定回答：否定回答：Have you fin
8、ished the work?Yes,we have.No,we havent.Tom has come back home.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：肯定回答：肯定回答：否定回答：否定回答：Has Tom come back home?Yes,he has.No,he hasnt.他们已经到达学校了。他们已经到达学校了。肯定句：肯定句：改为否定句：改为否定句：改为一般疑问句：改为一般疑问句：肯定回答：肯定回答：2.康康已经读过那本书了。康康已经读过那本书了。肯定句：肯定句：改为否定句：改为否定句：改为一般疑问句：改为一般疑问句：否定回答：否定回答：They have arrived at sc
9、hool.They havent arrived at school.Have they arrived at school?Yes,they have.Kangkang has read the book.Has Kangkang read the book?Kangkang hasnt read the book.No,he hasnt.复习复习 have/has been to VS have been/has gone to 3.yet,already,ever等词的使用等词的使用说出下列动词的过去式及过去分词形式。说出下列动词的过去式及过去分词形式。be(am/is/are)begi
10、n come do drink find take work pay see write hit was/were been began begun came come did done drank drunk found found took taken worked worked paid paid saw seen wrote written hit hit carry chat fly say cost like use watch change leave carried carried chatted chatted flew flown said said cost cost l
11、iked liked used used watched watched changed changed left left按要求完成下列句子。按要求完成下列句子。我吃过晚饭了。我吃过晚饭了。I have had dinner.2.他知道那个消息了。他感到非常兴奋。他知道那个消息了。他感到非常兴奋。He has known the news.He feels very excited.3.这些天你有看到李老师吗？这些天你有看到李老师吗？没，他去北京了。没，他去北京了。Have you seen Mr.Li these days?No,he has gone to Beijing.4.以前他们曾
12、经去过古巴。以前他们曾经去过古巴。1.They have been to Cuba before.have/has been to 和和 have/has gone to的区别的区别 have/has been to 表示表示“曾经到过某地曾经到过某地”，暗示人，暗示人 已经回来了，而已经回来了，而have/has gone to表示表示“已经去已经去 某地了某地了”，暗示人不在说话地点。，暗示人不在说话地点。He has been to Shanghai.他去过上海。（已经回来）他去过上海。（已经回来）He has gone to Shanghai.他已经去上海了。（还没回来）他已经去上海了
13、。（还没回来）Fill in the blanks with have/has been to or have/has gone toA:Hi,Wang Wei.Nice to see you again.B:Hi,Jack.Nice to see you,too.A:Wang Wei,where _ you _?B:I _ Jiuzhaigou.A:Did you enjoy yourself there?B:Yes,I did.By the way,where is Tom?I didnt see him today.A:Well,he _ Fuzhou.B:How soon will h
14、e come back?A:In two days.have been have been to has gone to1.just -刚刚刚刚,刚才刚才；一般用于一般用于肯定句肯定句中中她她刚刚刚刚看过新闻。看过新闻。She has just watched the news.just already yet ever never before 用法用法 have/has just done2.already-已经；已经；多用于多用于肯定句肯定句中中 他们他们已经已经看过这部电影了。看过这部电影了。They have already seen this film.3.yet -已经，尚、还已
15、经，尚、还；多用于；多用于否定句或疑问句句否定句或疑问句句末末Have they finished their homework yet?No,they havent finished homework yet.或简单回答成或简单回答成:No,not yet.just already yet ever never before 用法用法4.ever -曾经曾经；表示到现在为止的任何时候表示到现在为止的任何时候，多用于多用于疑问句疑问句中中 你你曾经曾经去过北京吗？去过北京吗？Have you ever been to Beijing?5.never-未曾，从来没有未曾，从来没有；否定词否定词，
16、用于现在，用于现在 完成时表示以前从未做过某事完成时表示以前从未做过某事 6.before-以前以前；指过去某个时间点之前所发；指过去某个时间点之前所发 生的事，用于完成时生的事，用于完成时 以前以前我我从未从未见过你。见过你。I have never seen you before.他从未读过那本小说。他从未读过那本小说。He has never read that novel.just already yet ever never before 用法用法Fill in the blanks with:already/yet/ever/never/just/before-Have you _
17、 visited the Great Wall?-Yes,many times.2)-Hurry up!He has _ waited for us for two hours.3)When you arrive,Tom has _ left.4)I have _ seen such an interesting film _.5)-Have you watered the plants _?1)-Yes,I have.ever already just never before yet since,for的使用的使用 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 现在完成时态与一
18、般过去时态的现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别区别现在完成时现在完成时(三三)一、现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻延续到一、现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的动作或状态，常与现在的动作或状态，常与for,since(自从）自从）引导的状语连用。引导的状语连用。e.g.:He has lived in the city for forty years.他住在这座城市已经他住在这座城市已经40年了。年了。He has learned English since 1990.自从自从1990 年，他就一直在学英语。年，他就一直在学英语。for+时间段时间段 since+时间点时间点时间段时间段+ago
19、 从句（过去时态）从句（过去时态）two hours a year three months several weeks one oclock 2019 last month yesterday half an hour ago he arrived.forsinceFill in the blanks with for or since.She has lived in this city _ five years.I have taught in the school _ ten years ago.The old man has been ill _ last month.The boy
20、 has watched TV _ an hour.He has been a doctor _ 2019.Mr.Yang has worked in the factory _ he moved there.for since since for since since 1.针对针对since+时间点时间点/for+时间段的提问用时间段的提问用how long.The baby has slept for nine and a half hours.How long has the baby slept?My mother has worked in this factory since 1
21、990.How long has your mother worked in this factory?2.for+时间段时间段 与与 since+时间点时间点 常可进行替换。常可进行替换。He has lived in Zhangzhou for six years.=He has lived in Zhangzhou since six years ago.I have been back since last week.=I have been back for one week.二、二、在现在完成时态中，短暂性动词不能与表在现在完成时态中，短暂性动词不能与表 示一段时间的状语示一段时间
22、的状语(for,since)连用。连用。如：如：I have bought the new bike.I have bought the new bike for two days.当它需要与表示一段时间的状语连用时，通常当它需要与表示一段时间的状语连用时，通常要进行转换。要进行转换。如：如：I have had the new bike for two days.常见的词有：常见的词有：leave be away(from),borrow keep,buy have,die be dead,begin/start be on,join be a member of/be in become
23、be,fall ill be ill短暂性短暂性V.与延与延续性续性V.的互换的互换 come arrive-be open-be open close-be closed lose-havent had die-be dead1.He left China for Australia in 2019.He _ China since 2019.2.He borrowed the book last week.He _the book for one week.3.His grandpa died three years ago.His grandpa _ for three years.4.
24、The film began at 8:00 p.m.The film _ since 8:00 p.m.has been away fromhas kepthas been deadhas been on5.She became a doctor in 2019.She _ a doctor since 2019.6.The young man joined the army last year.The young man _the army since last year.The young man _ the army since last year.7.The girl fell il
25、l two days ago.The girl _ for two days.has beenhas been a member ofhas been inhas been ill三、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别三、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，强调的是现在的情况，而一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态，而一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态，强调的是强调的是过去的情况。过去的情况。如：如：He has lived in Xiamen since 2
26、000.2000年一来他一直住在厦门。年一来他一直住在厦门。（强调现在还住在那里）（强调现在还住在那里）He lived in Xiamen in 2000.2000年他住在厦门。年他住在厦门。（不涉及他现在是否还住在那里）（不涉及他现在是否还住在那里）Exercise:用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。John _(go)to Shanghai last week.Tina _(be)in Fuzhou since last week.He _(visit)his uncle yesterday.Maria _(wake)up very early this morning.I _(stay)at home since yesterday.She _(listen)to music for half an hour.I _(have)dinner.Now I dont want to eat anything else.8.Mr.Li _(begin)to work in 2019.He _1.(work)in this hospital since then.went has been visited woke have stayed has listened have had began has worked
