1、GRE ANALYTICAL WRITING关于新GRE写作的几个重要概念核心测试点：（OG P11）ISSUE题目：针对一般性话题提出观点，包含如何就话题进行回应针对一般性话题提出观点，包含如何就话题进行回应提提出出明确的写作要求明确的写作要求。任务：任务：评估话题 考虑复杂性 推理和实例展开论证并支持自己的观点ARGUMENT题目：依据具体题目要求对依据具体题目要求对已有的论证已有的论证进行评估。进行评估。任务：任务：论证是否符合逻辑考试模式：在所有在所有GRE考试内容的第一项出现考试内容的第一项出现Issue 30分钟分钟Argument 30分钟分钟所有所有AW的考题均出自于官方题库的
2、考题均出自于官方题库 ets.org/gre/revised/awtopics每项满分每项满分6分，分，2019年开始启动年开始启动e-rater计划计划课时分配Issue:6节课节课Language:2节课节课Argument:2节课节课几个学生经常问到的问题GRE写作需要准备多长时间GRE写作用模板会怎样会死会死GRE写作需要背范文么不不GRE分数和字数有关系么没没GRE借鉴别人的文章会被判抄袭么会会网上有很多GRE写作的高频，要看么？这个可这个可以有以有推荐几本GRE写作复习的参考书OGThe EconomistTIME民主的细节民主的细节重新发现社会重新发现社会Elements of
3、StylesA Peoples History of The United States旧旧GRE官方题库范文官方题库范文上课如何听讲鼓励录音回家听课间休息不答疑，有问题写纸条如何与老师互动互动提问的要求不是你提的问题我都会回答，我回答的都是有意义的问题，不回答不是你提的问题我都会回答，我回答的都是有意义的问题，不回答的问题，一般是没有什么意义的的问题，一般是没有什么意义的如何避免提没有意义的问题认真听课，你的绝大多数问题，其实都在课上回答了。不要为了提认真听课，你的绝大多数问题，其实都在课上回答了。不要为了提问而提问问而提问对于其他门派的复习方法问题，不回答对于其他门派的复习方法问题，不回答
4、 例如：我听XXX老师说要这样对于情商不高的问题（挑战我思路的问题），基本不回答对于情商不高的问题（挑战我思路的问题），基本不回答 例如：夏总，你这个点讲错了。你这么宣扬美国民主制度，难道美国的民主制度就没有缺陷么？你为什么这么自大？如何避免GRE备考中出现自虐从而虐他的惨剧不要钻牛角尖不要钻牛角尖，很多问题是无解的，很多问题是无解的不要完美主义，你如果不能理解我的思路，索性就不要理解了不要完美主义，你如果不能理解我的思路，索性就不要理解了针对不会写的题目，请自我安慰：这个题不会考的，不会考的，不针对不会写的题目，请自我安慰：这个题不会考的，不会考的，不会的，不会的，夏总会保佑我的。会的，不会
5、的，夏总会保佑我的。GRE考不好，还可以扫大街。考不好，还可以扫大街。Tomorrow is another day面对自己的无知和无能的最为重要的社会底线，就是不要用自己的面对自己的无知和无能的最为重要的社会底线，就是不要用自己的无知和无能去麻烦别人，即便你给了别人钱无知和无能去麻烦别人，即便你给了别人钱GRE写作有什么捷径死磕死磕那听新东方的课，或者说听你的课，对GRE提分帮助大么不大不大那么可以退班么？试听期内试听期内可以可以鼓励鼓励我，听完你讲的，我都绝望了从绝望中寻从绝望中寻希望，人生希望，人生终将辉煌终将辉煌那你的课到底能帮助我们什么为成为一个合格的知为成为一个合格的知识分子，打下
6、最为基识分子，打下最为基本的理性思维和人文本的理性思维和人文关怀关怀ISSUE的评分标准SCORING 6In addressing the specific task directions,a 6 response presents a cogent and well-articulated analysis of the issue and convey the meaning skillfully Articulates a clear and insightful position on the issue in accordance with the assigned task De
7、velops the position fully with compelling reason and/or persuasive examples Sustains a well-focused,well-organized analysis,connecting ideas logically Conveys ideas fluently and precisely,using effective vocabulary and sentence variety Demonstrates superior facility with the conventions of standard
8、written English(grammar,usage,and mechanics)but may have minor errors回忆一下StyleLanguage positionreasonexampleslogicanalysis写作时要避免发生的情况（SCORING 3及以下）Vague or limited in addressing the specific task directions and/or in presenting or developing a position on the issueWeak in the use of relevant reasons
9、 or examples or relies largely on unsupported claimsLimited in focus and/or organizationHas problems in language and sentence structure that result in a lack of clarityContains occasional major errors or frequent minor errors in grammar,usage or mechanics that can interfere with meaning什么样的文章是3分以下毛新
10、宇毛新宇范文分析6分范文分析As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems,the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your
11、 position,you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.The statement linking technology negatively 立场明确立场明确 with free thinking plays on recent human experience over the past century.Surely 逻辑承逻辑承接接 there has bee
12、n no time in history where the lived lives of people have changed 埋下伏笔埋下伏笔 more dramatically.A quick reflection on a typical day 针对前文的针对前文的change给出进一步扩展给出进一步扩展 reveals how technology has revolutionized 立场词立场词 the world.Most people commute to work in an automobile that runs on an internal combustion
13、engine.During the workday,chances are high that the employee will interact with a computer that processes information on silicon bridges that are.09 microns wide.Upon leaving home,family members will be reached through wireless networks that utilize satellites orbiting the earth对于上对于上文的文的typical day
14、中中technology如何如何revolutionized the world给出具体描述给出具体描述.Each of these common occurrences could have been inconceivable at the turn of the 19th century再次表明立场再次表明立场.逻辑结构Technology changed human lifecarcomputerMobile phoneTechnology changed human lifestatementThe statement attempts to bridge these dramati
15、c changes to a reduction in the ability for humans to think for themselves 重述题目重述题目.The assumption 挖掘题目成立的逻辑前提挖掘题目成立的逻辑前提 is that an increased reliance on technology negates the need for people to think creatively to solve previous quandaries.Looking back at the introduction,one could argue that wit
16、hout a car,computer,or mobile phone与第一段与第一段出现的例子次序完全对应出现的例子次序完全对应,the hypothetical worker would need to find alternate methods of transport,information processing and communication再次对应再次对应.Technology short circuits this thinking by making the problems obsolete给出给出technology让人们思考能力下降让人们思考能力下降的原因，的原因，
17、sub-point.Technology changed human lifecarcomputerMobile phoneTechnology changed human lifestatementNegative sides of techtransportationinformationcommunicationTech short circuits human thinkingHowever逻辑转折逻辑转折,this reliance on technology does not necessarily preclude the creativity that marks the hu
18、man species 重复转折法重复转折法.The prior examples reveal that technology allows for convenience.The car,computer and phone 一致性一致性 all release additional time for people to live more efficiently.This efficiency 重复前重复前词，顶真结构词，顶真结构 does not preclude the need for humans to think for themselves.树树立对立观点立对立观点 In f
19、act,technology frees humanity to not only tackle new problems,but may itself create new issues that did not exist without technologysub-point.For example,the proliferation of automobiles has introduced a need for fuel conservation on a global scale.With increasing energy demands from emerging market
20、s,global warming becomes a concern inconceivable to the horse-and-buggy generation针对针对create new issue给出的具体事例给出的具体事例.Likewise并行例子并行例子 dependence on oil has created nation-states that are not dependent on taxation,allowing ruling parties to oppress minority groups such as women.Solutions to these com
21、plex problems require the unfettered imaginations of maverick scientists and politicians RebuttalNegative sides of techtransportationinformationcommunicationTech short circuits human thinkingNew issue raisedautomobileGlobal warmingoppressionNew issue raisedIn contrast to the statement 逻辑词逻辑词,we can
22、even see how technology frees the human imaginationsub-point现象列举，证明现象列举，证明technology frees human imagination.Consider how the digital revolution and the advent of the internet has allowed for an unprecedented exchange of ideas.WebMD,a popular internet portal for medical information,permits patients
23、to self research symptoms for a more informed doctor visit.This exercise opens pathways of thinking that were previously closed off to the medical layman 将例子回归主旨将例子回归主旨.With increased interdisciplinary interactions,inspiration can arrive from the most surprising corners 再次再次现象列举现象列举.Jeffrey Sachs,on
24、e of the architects of the UN Millenium Development Goals,based his ideas on emergency care triage techniques.The unlikely marriage of economics and medicine 对应前文中的对应前文中的interdisciplinary interactions has healed tense,hyperinflation environments from South America to Eastern Europe.This last example
25、 provides the most hope in how technology actually provides hope to the future of humanity.sub-point By increasing our reliance on technology,impossible goals 对对hope to the future of humanity的进一步论述的进一步论述 can now be achieved.Consider how the late 20th century witnessed the complete elimination of sma
26、llpox.例证，例证，对应对应impossible goals This disease had ravaged the human race since prehistorical days,and yet with the technology of vaccinestechnology的具体化的具体化,free thinking humans dared to imagine a world free of smallpox.Using technology,battle plans were drawn out,and smallpox was systematically targ
27、eted and eradicated.Tech does not deteriorate human thinkingFrees human imaginationWebMDInterdisciplinary interaction Hope to humanitySmallpoxTech does not deteriorate human thinkingTechnology will always mark the human experience,from the discovery of fire to the implementation of nanotechnology.Gi
28、ven the history of the human race,there will be no limit to the number of problems,both new and old,for us to tackle 对应之前的对应之前的sub-point.There is no need to retreat to a Luddite attitude to new things,but rather embrace a hopeful posture to the possibilities that technology provides for new avenues
29、of human imagination.整体文章结构Relied on tech,human fails to think creativelyTech changes human lifeCar/computer/mobile phoneTech short circuits human thinkingNew issues arisenTech does not deteriorate human thinkingimaginationHope to humanityWebMDInterdisciplinarysmallpoxTech,in spite of some shortcomi
30、ngs,still boosts civilization forward GRE写作到底考什么GRE写作流程如何审题Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your position,you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true
31、 and explain how these considerations shape your position.文章结构Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your position,describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation
32、 would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.文章结构Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim.In developing and supporting your position,be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your p
33、osition.文章结构Discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your position,you should address both of the views presented.文章结构Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and reason,on
34、which that claim is based.文章结构Discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take.I developing and supporting your position,you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.文章结构审题就是梳理行文结构
35、逻辑形式破题对于题目如何分解It is primarily in cities that a nations cultural traditions are generated and preserved.Citiesrural areasCultural traditions?Generatedpreserved进一步的逻辑层次Cultural traditionsgeneratedpreservedcitiesRural areas分解的思路定义核心词定义核心词取反取反第三种可能第三种可能例题Some people claim that you can tell whether a nat
36、ion is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers,artists,or scientists.Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is,in fact,the general welfare of all its people.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reaso
37、ning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your position,you should address both of the views presented.GRE题材分类存在论：主观意识与客观存在存在论：主观意识与客观存在认识论：人类的经验、知识、超验认识论：人类的经验、知识、超验时间性：历史观时间性：历史观道德论：人性道德论：人性社会组织形式社会组织形式政治政治社会发展论：人性的物化社会发展论：人性的物化全球化浪潮全球化浪潮存在论REALISM VS IDEALISM对于现实的妥协让人能够生存，而对于理想的
38、追求能让人真正的生对于现实的妥协让人能够生存，而对于理想的追求能让人真正的生活活The compromise with reality makes people survive,but the pursuit of ideal makes people truly live.We are all in the gutters,but some of us are looking at the stars.-Oscar Wilde例题 Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study i
39、n which they are unlikely to succeed。Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your position,you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequen
40、ces shape your position.文章结构思路反思现实主义：成功，吃喝玩乐，人的基本需求，不反抗，逆来顺受、活得很自在，被世俗所接收。和现实做敌人，其实生活的很累但是做了现实的奴隶，我们其实就没有活过我们当中的绝大多数人在绝大多数情况下，都是现实主义者通过容易成功的学科学习让绝大多数学生更加成功学的简单符合规律思路例题 Claim:Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience.Reason:People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible wi
41、thout the constraints of established habits and attitudes.理想与现实、创新与继承理想与现实、创新与继承Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.文章结构思路反思主观：想象力主观：想象力客观：基于经验的认知规律客观：基于经验的认知规律客观强调存在客观强调存在主观强调超越（主观强调超越（transcenden
42、talism）对于比较类型的题目，如：对于比较类型的题目，如：Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience.可以谈两者同等重要可以谈两者同等重要存在论例题The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individualsWrite a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agre
43、e or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your position,you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.文章结构思路反思心外无物心外无物任何既成的事实都是在人脑中的映像任何既成的
44、事实都是在人脑中的映像Inner heart decides outer world奢侈品和便利品关键看奢侈品和便利品关键看使用者如何去看待他们使用者如何去看待他们练习The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase peoples efficiency so that they have more leisure timeWrite a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the state
45、ment and explain your reasoning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your position,you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.思路认识论EPISTEMOLOGY知识到底是经验的（EMPIRICAL）还是超验的（TRANSCENDENTAL）几个问题给大家思
46、考美，到底是主观的还是客观的？美，到底是主观的还是客观的？这个世界上到底存不存在上帝？这个世界上到底存不存在上帝？为什么为什么2+2=4？是因为？是因为1+1=2么？那么为什么么？那么为什么1+1=2？实践是检验真理的唯一标准，这句话对么？实践是检验真理的唯一标准，这句话对么？Isaac Newton vs Albert Einstein KNOWLEDGE IS BASED ON OUR EXPERIENCE AND LOGICS,YET KNOWLEDGE ITSELF DOES NOT EQUAL TO TRUTH,FOR TRUTH CAN ONLY BE APPROXIMATED B
47、UT NEVER REACHED.AS A RESULT一道曾经做过的题目Claim:Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience.Reason:People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes.理想与现实、创新与继承理想与现实、创新与继承Write a response in which you discuss the extent to
48、 which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.思路过往经验由于人类认知能力的局限，有可能是错误的例题Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement
49、 and explain your reasoning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your position,you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.文章结构思路Acquiring knowledge,students should adopt critical thinking,for
50、 it is the only means to seclude falsehood and approximate the truth Knowledge taught by the teacher or alleged in the book could be outdated and misleading.Questioning motivates students and ensures their reception of knowledgeCritical thinking is based on thorough comprehension of the existing kno
