1、1注蒸汽热力采油注蒸汽热力采油2依据对象方式目的效果3内涵45学习方法主要内容注蒸汽热力采油简介油藏岩石和流体温度对相渗透率的影响地面管线井筒蒸汽吞吐蒸汽驱物理模型与数学模型678MPa.s或脱气粘度大于100MPa.s的原油。MPa.s 稠油是指粘度很大的原油,重油是指密度很高的原油。稠油是指粘度很大的原油,重油是指密度很高的原油。一般情况一般情况下,粘度和密度成正比关系,即粘度越大密度越大,因此稠油和重下,粘度和密度成正比关系,即粘度越大密度越大,因此稠油和重油是指同一类原油。油是指同一类原油。910注:我们通常所说的稠油是指注:我们通常所说的稠油是指I I类普通稠油类普通稠油111213
2、141516171819202122Kqsrrpkhqweln22324aoWy09.15.1315.14119.298.0:aW2526wcSorS27282930313233348.1794.195225.0PT35232410315.73.1302107765.8095.4TTTTHw)240(0CT)240(0CT wH2.36107.388.112500TTHSSH36WSVHHTL38.015.374273VL26510063.310615.49967.0TTW37)15.273(196.2TZPSSSZ3826410663.11098.210461.4012.1TTTZS3875
3、97.478.11743TTw41037.8836.0Tswswsvxxvv1)(wsvx39vwsxLHH4041420536.00225.0917.0536.5588.010.0FKddmFddK2mFm433.448.033.0157.413.01drlmdfafdlldfa)(drl117.0o675.0w44gwgowowSSSSSSS)(gowS45qsf8.265.1qf5.039.025.2272.1wsswSS矿物石英正长石斜长石方解石云母绿泥石导热系数,W/(m0C)7.702.322.153.602.214.914628.1102738.139.1201074.02031
4、8.032020320TTT2042.1521030.252352TT5247DFCKBAp1.0510地层压缩系数ABCD高0.131.440.0930.07中0.0580.880.0450.017低0.0320.360.0230.008648FKpr030.0093.04.113.01010.05rP0P0P0PKK0PFF49mHTQCP00oQm0HTCR410797.9813.0PCRC岩样砂岩粉砂岩页岩灰岩细砂粗砂比容热,(g)0.7660.8540.8040.8460.7660.76650CMRggggwwwwooooRRRBCSBCSBCSCM1106)()(gwoRCR51R
5、M岩样砂岩粉砂岩页岩灰岩细砂粗砂0.7660.8540.8040.8460.7660.76652PPvv153ooT/00054.0101172.0CTCo002000,95.078.0o513410372415.273103716.315.2731022766.715.27310051.615.2731041233.215.27304436.051153.3TTTTTw54513410372415.2731004511.215.2731029764.415.2731057767.315.2731046888.115.2730297429.035787.2TTTTTstMCPgg48.2186
6、.47154.0PCM55热区冷区vhvciRRiRTT 1TiTTRRi156tRttPvvvvvRiRiRRvvRRiRiRvvTTvvRRitRRiRi11TTRRiiT1157PvCvPiPPPiPPCPPCvvvvvPiiPitPPitP11PCPiiPPCTTPiRRiPT1158PCTTpiRRii11hPRRiiihhPhvPCTTvv111htPihtcPcvvPCvvv159PCTTvvvvvvvPRRiithitPcPhtP11160wcSorS61wS)(irwTK)(irowTKlS)(irgTK)(irogTKTwcSorwSrwroKrocwKorgSgcSgrS
7、rgroS62 iorwiwciwcwwTSTSTSSs1 irwroirwrwTKTKK irocwirowrowTKTKK TSTSTSSorwwcwcwws163 TKKTKrwrorwrw TKKTKrocwrowrowlS_rogK_ iorgiwciorgiwcllTSTSTSTSSs1 irocwirogrogTKTKKlS_rogK_rK_64 TSTSTSTSSorgwcorgwclls1 TKKTKrocwrogrog igciwciorgigcggTSTSTSTSSs1 irgroirgrgTKTKK65gS_rgK_rKgS TSTSTSTSSgcwcorggcggs1
8、 TKKTKrgrorgrg66gworoSK*gcomwcomoSSSSSoS1*1wrowwSK*1groggSK)(gcomS67lTllilTPCPlilPPCTPlillilPlTPCTPllili168TvvlthlilTPCPlilPPCTvvPlilthlilPlTPCTvvPlthlili169TBAoDlgTBAoDlglglg70 oDDoCoDoDClglg515.0105615.0sRC338.01037433.0sRD333686.3:mmRs7172rwK73wororSwcS74rwKrgKrowKrogK75rgrwrgrocwrogrwrocwrowrocw
9、roKKKKKKKKKKrocwS76SL=Swc+SowirowiSfK1lirgiSfK4lirogiSfK3wifrwiSK277jwcjTfS5 jorgjTfS8 jgcjTfS7jorwjTfS6 jrocwjTfK9 jrgjTfK10jrwjTfK1178 PnorwwcwcwrwrorwwTSTSTSSTKK1*1PPPnnPnwpww gngcorgwcgcgrgrorgTSTSTSTSSTKK1 ognorgwcgorgwcrocwrogTSTSSTSTSTKK11 ownorwwcorwwrocwrowTSTSTSSTKK11 gwnPn,ogownn,*P79 TSo
10、rg TSwc TSorw TSgc TKrocw TKrg TKrw808112/ln21rrlTQ12/ln21rrTlQq82rhlTQ21rhTlQq21h83AThQrrrhTlQq212122210TTTThrrh848586878889RTTqasllqR5432151RRRRRRRii901RifrhR211CmhKcalo2fh2R91iprhR212phCmhKcalo23RioprrRln213pCmhKcalo2924RoinsinsrrRln214insCmhKcalo25RinsfcrhR215fchCmhKcalo2935432151RRRRRRRiiinsfco
11、insinsiopipifrhrrrrrhrh1ln1ln1112194oeiopipifrDarchrrrhrhR1ln1112195eCmhKcalo21ln2ooorDrDrDarch96CmhKcalp2.37CmhKcalins0595.0CmhKcalhf29773phCmhKcalhfc22197insfcoinsinsiopipifrhrrrrrhrhR1ln1ln11121RTTqasl501.2R12CmhKcalo109lqmhKcal98efgdldPdldPdldPdldP99f3102DvfdldPmmffmmmv1slmxvvxv 1)(slmv1004000eR
12、eRf644000eReRfDf934ln08685814.11240002000eR20002000 eRfffff f101310dldVVdldPmmmemV610dldPPAqidldVVPssmmmsqPAsi10292101PAqidldPPssf103gxwxwwswwgsgslhxhxhxhxilq11104)(wshvwgswswgslLxxihhxxilqvLvslgwLilqxxshvLwh105 )(siq 压力变化中重力项不能忽略压力变化中重力项不能忽略;井筒结构不同,周围环境不同,沿井深方向地层温度逐渐增加,井筒结构不同,周围环境不同,沿井深方向地层温度逐渐增加,同
13、时散热方式以导热为主。同时散热方式以导热为主。106107dzwRdzRTTdQwhs1)(hsT1dQ10871iiwRR1h11121rhRtub122ln21rrRtub109ins233ln21rrRinstub344ln21rrRtub)(rch4521rhhRrc110cascicocasrrRln216cemcohcemrrRln217cohcemcicocasrctubinstubiiwrrrrrrhhrrrrrrrrrrrrhrrRRlnln)(lnlnln2122423422321221122711111224234223212211222lnln)(lnlnln21coh
14、cemcicocasrctubinstubrrrrrrhhrrrrrrrrrrrrhrrUdzTTUrdQhs22122U 该过程是不稳定传热,因此热量是随时间而变化的。对地层的热损失该过程是不稳定传热,因此热量是随时间而变化的。对地层的热损失开始时较大,但随着注汽的进行,地层温度增加,传热动力温差开始时较大,但随着注汽的进行,地层温度增加,传热动力温差 减小,减小,热损失降低,如图:热损失降低,如图:T112dzeR2dQdzRTTdzqdQeehz2113随时间不断变化,仿照一维径向稳定传热热组的表达式:随时间不断变化,仿照一维径向稳定传热热组的表达式:eR eweetfrtfR2ln21
15、其中其中则地层中不稳定传热可表示为:则地层中不稳定传热可表示为:dztfTTdzRTTdQeheeeh22原始地层温度原始地层温度,0 0C C;eTaZTTmetf地面温度地面温度,0 0C C;mT地温梯度地温梯度,0 0C/mC/m;ae地层导热系数,地层导热系数,w/w/(m.m.0 0C C););无因次地层导热时间函数,可由无因次地层导热时间函数,可由K.ChiuK.Chiu等人的等人的经验公式给出:经验公式给出:114 hrttf81.11ln982.0热扩散系数,热扩散系数,m m2 2/h/h;根据连续性方程可得:根据连续性方程可得:时间内由油管中心到水泥环外缘传递的热量时间
16、内由油管中心到水泥环外缘传递的热量dt时间内从水泥环外缘至地层传导的热量时间内从水泥环外缘至地层传导的热量dt即:即:21dQdQ 115eseehtfUrtfUrTTT)()(2222 222122dQdztfTTdzTTUrdQehehs由此可得:由此可得:应当指出,这里应当指出,这里 只有在为常数时才成立,也就是说只有在井口只有在为常数时才成立,也就是说只有在井口定注定注入工况入工况的条件下,才能用于计算。对于的条件下,才能用于计算。对于变注入工况变注入工况,注入速率、井口压力,注入速率、井口压力和蒸汽干度的变化都将导致和蒸汽干度的变化都将导致 的改变;下图表示了的改变;下图表示了 随是
17、的变化,这时随是的变化,这时可以利用可以利用叠加原理叠加原理(与渗流力学中相似)可以得到第(与渗流力学中相似)可以得到第n n时间段热损失量。时间段热损失量。hThThT116 dzttfTTttfTTtfTTdQnnhnhhhehez111121.2 dzttfTttfTttfTttfTtfTtfTnnhnnhnnhhhee11121111.2117其中:其中:11111ttftff212111ttfttff121111nnnttfttff.由此可的第由此可的第n n时间段的水泥环外缘处温度时间段的水泥环外缘处温度 为:为:1221111221.nennnhhensennhttfUrfTfT
18、tfTTUrT nhT118该时刻的井口注入条件hT该时刻的dQhT2U 由此可见,任何时刻的由此可见,任何时刻的 不仅取决于井口当前的注入工矿条件,而且还不仅取决于井口当前的注入工矿条件,而且还取决于前一时刻的取决于前一时刻的 。为求的井筒的热损失,需要求的某一时刻。为求的井筒的热损失,需要求的某一时刻的的 ,而,而该值又与该值又与 有关。求取有关。求取 则需要迭代。则需要迭代。hT前一时刻的hThThT2U2U1192U2UQ4TciTdzdQrrrrrrTTtubinstubs13423124ln1ln1ln121dzdQrrrrTTcowcemcicocasbhci1ln1ln1211
19、20rhcicirTTTTAh42244隔热管辐射热率,无因次;隔热管辐射热率,无因次;111144cicirrci套管内壁发射率,无因次;套管内壁发射率,无因次;斯蒂芬斯蒂芬-波尔兹曼常数,波尔兹曼常数,=5.673=5.6731010-8-8w/w/(m m2 2.0 0C C););2U 22UU 121开始开始U2=0.5计算Th计算Q计算T4、Tci计算hr 计算2U22uu 22UU 结束结束YesYes 22UU NoNo122 即:即:gidzdhidzdQsmsmh饱和蒸汽的焓,饱和蒸汽的焓,Kcal/kgKcal/kg;123wvwwswsmhLxhhhxhxxhh1wh饱
20、和水的焓,饱和水的焓,Kcal/kgKcal/kg;又井口以定工矿条件注入:又井口以定工矿条件注入:dzTTUrdQhs222eseehtfUrtfUrTTT)()(2222 022222222gidzdxLitfUrtfUrTTTUrsvesees124两端同时除以两端同时除以 得:得:viLx令:令:02222222eseesvsvtfUrtfUrTTTLiUrLgdzdx 022222eesevsvtfUrTTLiUrLgdzdx eevsUrtfUrLiA22222vLgB125则:则:0ATBAATdzdxesazTTme0ATTBAAazdzdxmsdzATTBAazdxmsdzA
21、TTBAazdxzzzmstzxtzzx,22,),(AzTzzaTBAAzatzzxtzxsm126 127 sPsT dzVdVgdzdPmfm128PmsAiVPA管子横断面面积,管子横断面面积,m m2 2;故:故:mPmsPmsPmsmmdAiAidAiVdV12而又而又RTPv vMdPdPMPRTPdMRTdmm1112dPPAiVdVmPsm22129dzdPPAqidzVdVPgsm2或:或:gq蒸汽体积流量,蒸汽体积流量,m m3 3/h/h;将将代入代入中得:中得:ZPAqigPPgsfm21130 giVdzdidzdhidzdQssms22wsmhxxhh1dzdxhdzxdhdzdhxdzdhxdzdhswswm11