1、2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题 科目名称及代码： 基础英语 612 适用专业（领域）： 外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具： 考生注意事项：所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。I. Paraphrase（20 points, 2 points each）Write your answer on the answer sheet1. Serious looking men spoke to each other as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them.2. I exp
2、erienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hroshima in my socks.3. Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U.S.A.4 The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament.5. He lowered the leve
3、l of his incongruous falsetto voice.6. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the Kings English slips and slides in conversation.7. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe.8. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of
4、 cooperative ventures. 9. The Fiesta appears to have sunk without a trace. 10. Children dodged in and out, their high calls rising like the swallows crossing flights over the music and the singing.II. Vocabulary and Grammar（20 points, 1 point each）Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding
5、 letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1 It is essential that he _ all the facts first.Ais examining Bwill examine Cexamines Dexamine2 Which of the following sentences expresses a future action?ALucy is continually finding fault with her sister.BWe are meeting the visitors
6、 after the performance.CThe coach is now crossing the Garden Bridge.DIm hoping that youll give us some advice.3 Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement?AThe front door remained locked. BThe boy looked disappointed.CNancy appeared worried. DHe seemed to have no money l
7、eft.4 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?APhysics is an important school subject.BThe United States borders Canada.CThe Niagara Falls is in North America.DMumps is a kind of infectious disease.5 Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY?AThe moon cannot always be at the fullB
8、You cannot smoke inside the building.CHe cannot come today. DShe cannot play the piano.6 Hydrogen, which is _ than oil, is pretty easy to produce and does no harm to the environment.Amuch energy more abundant sourceBan energy source more abundantCa much more energy abundant sourceDa much more abunda
9、nt energy source7 When _, the bridge connecting the island to the continent will be open to traffic next year.Acompleted Bcompleting Cbeing completed Dto be completed8_ these objections, we can not ignore the advantages of learning through the Internet.A. Despite B. Instead of C. For DLike9Mom enjoy
10、ed herself so much _ she was on vacation in France with dad last year.Awhere Bthat Cwhich Dwhen10The experiment was _ we had anticipated.Aa success more than Bmore a success thanCa success as much as Das much of a success as11Mary was _ to tears by their criticism.Asunk Breduced Cforced Ddeclined12T
11、he police fortunately gained the key clew according to the foot mark in the _ of the road.Aclay Bdirt Cmud Dsoil13These magnificent _ buildings demonstrate the great intelligence of the laboring people.Aantique Bancient Cprimitive Dremote14 I dont remember meeting him, but the name John Smith rings
12、a bell. The underlined part means _.Ais omitted Bis warned Cis appearing Dis familiar15 These goods are _ for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market.Aessentially Bcompletely Cnecessarily Dremarkably16 I wish you break a leg in the coming English speech contest The underlined par
13、t means _.Aget injured Bplay well Cgood luck Dhave fun17 I have the car now but my sister was the _ owner.Ainitial Boriginal Cprimitive Dprimary18 The principal stressed using multimedia teaching would never replace the one-to-one _ between pupil and teacher.Aperceptions Bconsultations Cinteractions
14、 Dinterruptions19 Theyve made a great_ forward with their road building in the last few years.Abounce Bbound Chop Dleap20 Your books and magazines are almost in a _; go and put them in order.Achaos Bdisorder Cmess DriotIII. Fill in each blank with one suitable word （30 points, 2 points each）; write
15、your answer on the answer sheet1 understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference 2 marketing 3 selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily 4 the efficient production of goods, and then relied 5 “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much
16、of these goods 6 possible. Such production and selling focuses 7 the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them 8 money.Marketing, 9 the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers, It begins 10 first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that
17、will satisfy them .This eye on the consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy 11 resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it avai
18、lable 12 purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority 13 profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction the firm and the customer -and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants a
19、nd producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to (迎合)customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself 14 mid -1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink, the nonacceptance of the new flavor
20、 by a significant portion of the public brought 15 a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new .King Customer ruled!IV. Reading（40 points, 2 points each）Read the following passages and answer the multiple-choice questions; decide on the best choice and mark th
21、e corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1 According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, todays traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years o
22、f the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the students major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, so
23、cial service and the “altruistic” fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.Thats no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her f
24、irst year on the jobeven before she completed her two-year associate degree.While its true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these ot
25、her contributionsbe they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who we
26、nt on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which s
27、hows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,” he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”From the long-term point of view, thats what education really ought to be a
28、bout.1.According to the authors observation, college students _.A) have never been so materialistic as todayB) have never been so interested in the artsC) have never been so financially well off as todayD) have never attached so much importance to moral sense（A）2.The students criteria for selecting
29、majors today have much to do with _.A) the influences of their instructorsB) the financial goals they seek in lifeC) their own interpretations of the coursesD) their understanding of the contributions of others（B）3.Studying the diverse wisdom of others can _.A) create varying artistic interestsB) he
30、lp people see things in their right perspectiveC) help improve connections among peopleD) regulate the behavior of modern people（B）4.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B) Managers often find it hard to tell rig
31、ht from wrong.C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.（D）Passage 2 In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as theyve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion
32、; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer servi
33、ce, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day” has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, Lets be nicer,” says Itsik Cohen, director of
34、 a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.”Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful (报复的) consumer.” Wh
35、en the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has sudd
36、enly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You
37、 can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.5.It may be inferred from the passage that _.A) customer service in Israel is now improvingB) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to pleaseC) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to I
38、sraelD) Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones（A）6.In the authors view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel _.A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the managementB) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbersC) if theres no competition among compa
39、niesD) without strict routine training of employees（C）7.The example of El A1 Airlines shows that _.A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprisesB) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficultyC) a good slogan has great potential for improving serviceD) sta
40、ff retraining is essential for better service（D）8.Why did Bezaqs international branch lose 40% of its market share?A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.B) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better
41、.D) Because it no longer received any support from the government. Passage 3On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more that they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾
42、舞). Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls spend half that time. All in all, however, childrens leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%“Children are affected by the same time crunch
43、 (危机) that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of childrens timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable amounts of time i
44、nteracting with their parents 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.)All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Braze
45、lton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free t
46、ime” watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If theyre spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids arent replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Lets face it, whos got the time?9.By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means _.A) children have little time to play with their parentsB) children are not taken good care of by their working parentsC) both parents and child
