1、化合物的英文命名Nomenclature of compounds 一 无机物的命名 (Inorganic compounds)1 元素与单质的命名 “元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时又是单质的名称。S-block Element IA H Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium K Potassium Rb Rubidium Cs Cesium Fr FranciumIIA Be BerylliumMg Magnes
2、iumCa CalciumSr StrontiumBa BariumRa Radium P-block ElementVIA VIIA 0 He HeliumO Oxygen F Fluorine Ne NeonS Sulfur Cl Chlorine Ar ArgonSe Selenium Br Bromine Kr KryptonTe Tellurium I Iodine Xe XenonPo Polonium At Astatine Rn Radon IIIA IV A V A B Boron C Carbon N Nitrogen Al Aluminium Si Silicon P P
3、hosphorus Ga Gallium Ge Germanium As Arsenic In Indium Sn Tin Sb Antimony Tl Thallium Pb Lead Bi Bismuth Common Transition Elememt Fe:iron Mn:manganese Cu:copper Zn:zinc Hg:mercury Ag:silver Au:gold2化合物的命名化合物的命名 化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读，这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用前缀(1)mono-,(2)di-,(3)tri-,(4)tetra ,(5)penta-
4、(6)hexa-,(7)hepta-,(8)octa-,(9)nona-,(10)deca-,但是在不会引起歧义时，这些前缀都尽可能被省去。Naming metal ions(cations)for metal oxides,bases and salts 1.Single valence ions Cations name=Element for example:Na+Sodium Al3+Aluminum K+Potassium Ca2+Calcium2.Multivalence ions Cations name=Element(N)For example:Fe2+Iron(II)or
5、Ferrous Fe3+Iron(III)or Ferric Cr2+Chromium(II)Cr3+Chromium(III)Mn4+Manganese(IV)Mn2+Manganese(II)对于有变价的金属元素，除了可用前缀来表示以外，更 多采用罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态，或用后缀-ous-ous表示低价，-ic-ic表示高价。如 FeO:iron(II)oxide 或 ferrous oxide Fe2O3:iron(III)oxide或ferric oxide Cu2O:copper(I)oxide 或cuprous oxide CuO:copper(II)oxide或cupric
6、oxideNaming nonmetal ions(anions)1.Monatomic anions Anions name=Elements root-ide For example:Cl-Chloride O=Oxide Br-Bromide OH-Hydroxide I-Iodide CN-Cyanide S=Sulfide H-Hydride 2.Polyatomic oxyanions (1).Acid radicals for normal salt(正酸根-ate)Anions name=Central Elements root-ate for example:ClO3-Ch
7、lorate IO3-Iodate PO43-Phosphate NO3-Nitrate SO42-Sulfate CO32-Carbonate (2).Acid radicals for meta-salts(亚酸根-ite)Anions name=Central elements root-ite for example:ClO2-Chlorite IO2-Iodite PO33-Phosphite NO2-Nitrite SO32-Sulfite (3).Acid radicals for hypo-salts(次酸根-ite)Anions name=Hypo-Central eleme
8、nts root-ite for example:ClO-Hypochlorite IO-Hypoiodite PO23-Hypophosphite(4).Acid radicals for persalts(高酸根Per-ate)Anions name=Per-central Elements root-ate for example:ClO4-Perchlorate IO4-Periodate MnO4-Permanganate Naming compounds 1.Metal oxide Metal oxide=Cation+oxide for example:FeO Iron(II)o
9、xide (Ferrous oxide)Fe2O3 Iron(III)oxide (Ferric oxide)Fe3O4 Ferroferric oxide Pb3O4 Trilead tetroxide Na2O2 Sodium peroxide2.Nonmetal oxide Nonmetal oxide=n-Nonmetal element+n-oxide for example:CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide SO3 Sulfur trioxide N2O3 Dinitrogen trioxide P2O5 Diphosphorus pent
10、oxide N2O4 Dinitrogen tetroxide (tetra-,mono-后缀中的a,o在后一o之前省去)有些物质常用俗称,如NO:nitric oxide N2O:nitrous oxide 非金属氢化物 除了水和氨气使用俗称water，ammonia以外，其它的非金属氢化物都用系统名称，命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。（1）对于卤族和氧族氢化物，在化学式中写在前面，因此将其看成与另一元素的二元化合物。举例：HF hydrogen fluoride HCl hydrogen chloride HBr hydrogen bromide HI hydrogen iodid
11、e H2S hydrogen sulfide H2Se hydrogen selenide H2Te hydrogen telluride （2）对于其它族的非金属氢化物，在化学式中写在后面，可加后缀-ane，氮族还可加-ine 举例：PH3:phosphine或phosphane AsH3:arsine或arsane SbH3:stibine或stibane BiH3:bismuthane CH4:methane SiH4:silane B2H6:diborane 无氧酸 命名规则：hydro-词根-icacid 举例：HCl:hydrochloric acid H2S:hydrosulfu
12、ric acid3.Bases Base=Metal cation+hydroxide for example:Al(OH)3 Aluminum hydroxide NaOH Sodium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 Barium hydroxide Co(OH)2 Cobalt(II)hydroxide 4.盐盐(Salts)(1).正盐正盐(Normal salt)：根据化学式从左往右分别读出阳离子和阴离子的名称。Normal salt=Cation+anion for example:HgSO4 Mercury(II)sulfa
13、te Hg2SO4 Mercury(I)sulfate KNO3 Potassium nitrate Na2CO3 Sodium carbonate NaClO Sodium hypochlorite FeSO4 iron(II)sulfate KMnO4 potassium permanganate(2)酸式盐酸式盐：(Acidic salts)同正盐的读法，酸根中的读做hydrogen，氢原子的个数用前缀表示。Acidic salt=Cation+hydrogen+anion for example:NaHSO4 Sodium hydrogen sulfate Na2HPO4 Disodi
14、um hydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Ca(HSO4)2 Calcium bisulfate NaHCO3 Sodium hydrogencarbonate 或 Sodium bicarbonate(3).Basic salts Basic salt=Cation+hydroxy-anion for example:Cu2(OH)2CO3 Dicopper(II)dihydroxycarbonate Ca(OH)Cl Calcium hydroxychloride Mg(OH)PO4 Magnesium hydrox
15、yphosphate(4).复盐复盐(Mixed salts)：同正盐的读法。Mixed salt=Cation+cation+anionfor example:NaKSO3 Sodium potassium sulfiteCaNH4PO4 Calcium ammonium phosphateAgLiCO3 Silver lithium carbonate NaNH4SO4 Sodium ammonium sulfateK N a C O3:p o t a s s u i m s o d i u m c a r b o n a t eNaNH4HPO4:sodium ammonium hydr
16、ogenphosphate 5)5)水合盐水合盐：结晶水读做water或hydrate如 AlCl36H2O:aluminum chloride 6-water 或 aluminum chloride hexahydrate AlK(SO4)212H2O:aluminium potassium sulfate 12-water5.Acids(1).Per-,hydro-,normal acid(its salt-ate,-ide)Acid=Central elements root-ic+acid for example:H2CO3 Carbonic acid H2SO4 Sulfuric a
17、cid H3PO4 Phosphoric acid HNO3 Nitric acid HClO4 Perchloric acid HCl Hydrochloric acid(2).Meta-and hypo-acid(its salt-ite)Acid=Central elements root-ous+acid for example:H2SO3 Sulfurous acid H3PO3 Phosphorous acid HNO2 Nitrous acid HClO Hypochlorous acid HClO2 Chlorous acid 含氧酸与含氧酸根阴离子 采用前后缀的不同组合显示不
18、同价态的含氧酸和含氧酸根阴离子，价态相同的含氧酸及含氧酸根阴离子具有相同的前缀，不同的后缀。高某酸 per-ic 正酸 ic 亚酸-ous 次酸 hypo-ous高某酸根 per-ate 正酸根 ate 亚酸根-ite 次酸根hypo-ite其它的前缀还有 ortho-正 meta-偏 thio-硫代举例：HClO4 perchloric acid ClO4-perchlorate ion HClO3 chloric acid ClO3-chlorate ion HClO2 chlorous acid ClO2-chlorite ion HClO hypochlorous acid ClO-h
19、ypochlorite ion H2SO4 sulfuric acid H2SO3 sulfurous acid HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrous acid HPO3 metaphosphoric acid S2O32-thiosulfate ion 命名时先命名阳离子部分，最后命名阴离子部分，阴离子配体以字母顺序列出，中心阳离子价态一般以罗马数字在名称后标出。KBF4 potassium tetrafluoroborate(III)K4Fe(CN)6 potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)Cu(NH3)4SO4 Tetraamminecoppe
20、r(II)sulfate Co(H2O)2(NH3)2(CO2)NO3 Diammine diaquacarbonatocobalt(III)nitrate络合物的命名（Naming coordination complex）Naming coordination complex 1.Ligands(1).Negative ions as ligands Ligand=Elements root-o for example:CN-Cyano NO2-Nitro F-Fluoro NO3-Nitrato Cl-Chloro CO3=Carbonato Br-Bromo CH3COO-Acetat
21、o O=Oxo H-Hydrido OH-Hydroxo -O2CCO2-Oxalato (2).Neutral molecules as ligand Ligand=Radical name for example:NH3 Ammine CO Carbonyl H2O Aqua CH3NH2 Methylamine H2NCCNH2 Ethylenediamine2.Complex ions(1).Neutral complex or complex ions with positive charge Complex ion=n-Ligand-metal ion(N)for example:
22、Ag(NH3)2+Diamminesilver(I)Cu(NH3)42+Tetraamminecopper(II)Co(NH3)3(NO2)3 Triamminetrinitrocobalt(III)ionsmoleculesCN-cyanoH2OaquaOH-hydroxoNH3ammineCH3COO-acetatoCOcarbonylNO3-nitratoCH3NH2methylamineNO2-nitroF-fluoroCl-chloroBr-bromoCO32-carbonato常见配体的名称(2).Complex ions with negative charge Complex
23、ion=n-Ligand-metals root-ate(N)for example:Fe(CN)64-Hexafluoroferrate(II)BF4-Tetrafluoroborate(III)AlF63-Hexafluoroaluminate(III)AuCl4-Tetrachloroaurate(III)3.Naming complex Complex=Cation+anion for example:LiAlH4 Lithium tetrahydroaluminate(III)Ag(NH3)2Cl Diamminesilver(I)chloride K4Fe(CN)6 Potassi
24、um hexacyanoferrate(II)Cu(NH3)4SO4 Tetraamminecopper(II)sulfate Ni(CO)4 Tetracarbonylnickel(0)Exercise H2SO4 HCl HNO3 HNO2 HCN Na2S CuSO4 Fe(NO3)3 HClO4 KCN NH4Cl NaClO NaOH Mn(OH)2 Fe2O3 P2O5 H2O2 K2Cr2O7 Cu2(OH)2CO3 CaHPO4 PtCl42-Ag(NH3)2Cl K4Fe(CN)6 Exercise H2SO4 HCl HNO3 HNO2 HCN Na2S CuSO4 Fe(
25、NO3)3 HClO4 KCN NH4Cl NaClO NaOH Mn(OH)2 Fe2O3 P2O5 H2O2 K2Cr2O7 Cu2(OH)2CO3 CaHPO4 PtCl42-Ag(NH3)2Cl K4Fe(CN)6 AnswerH2SO4 sulfuric acid HCl hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acidHNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidHCN hydrogen cyanide or hydrocyanic acid Na2S sodium sulfideCuSO4 copper(II)sulfate or
26、cupric sulfateFe(NO3)3 iron(III)nitrate or ferric nitrateHClO4 perchloric acidKCN potassium cyanideNH4Cl ammonium chlorideNaClO sodium hypochloriteNaOH sodium hydroxideMn(OH)2 Manganese(II)hydroxide Fe2O3 iron(III)oxide or ferric oxide P2O5 Diphosphorus pentoxide H2O2 hydrogen peroxideK2Cr2O7 potass
27、ium dichromate Cu2(OH)2CO3 Dicopper(II)dihydroxycarbonateCaHPO4 calcium hydrogen phosphatePtCl42-tetrachloroplatinum(II)Ag(NH3)2Cl Diamminesilver(I)chlorideK4Fe(CN)6 Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)Answer二 有机物的命名1 烷烃（alkanes）1.1 直链烷烃 烃类化合物的命名是有机命名的基础。英文名称除了含1到4个碳原子以外，其余均用希腊文和拉丁文的数词加上相应的词尾（-ane）来命名，10个
28、碳原子以上的则在数词前加前缀un、do、tri、tetra、penta等。如：甲烷 methane 乙烷 ethane 丙烷 propane 丁烷 butane 戊烷 pentane 己烷 hexane 庚烷 heptane 辛烷 octane 壬烷 nonane 癸烷 decane 十一烷 undecane 十二烷 dodecane Alkane=Number prefix-ane for example:CH4 Methane CH3CH2CH3 Propane CH3CH3 Ethane CH3(CH2)2CH3 Butane CH3(CH2)3CH3 Pentane CH3(CH2)4
29、CH3 Hexane CH3(CH2)5CH3 Heptane CH3(CH2)6CH3 Octane CH3(CH2)7CH3 Nonane CH3(CH2)8CH3 Decane 1119Alkane=Number prefix-decane for example:11-alkane Undecane 12-alkane Dodecane 13-alkane Tridecane 14-alkane Tetradecane 15-alkane Pentadecane 16-alkane Hexadecane 17-alkane Heptadecane 18-alkane Octadecan
30、e 19-alkane Nonadecane 20-alkane Icosane 2129 Alkane=Number prefix-cosane for example:21-alkane Henicosane 22-alkane Docosane 23-alkane Tricosane 24-alkane Tetracosane 25-alkane Pentacosane 30-Alkane Triacontane 3139Alkane=Number prefix-triacontane for example:31-Alkane Hentriacontane 32-Alkane Dotr
31、iacontane 33-Alkane Tritriacontane 34-Alkane Tetratriacontane 35-Alkane pentatriacontane 36-Alkane Hexatriacontane 4090Alkane=Number prefix-contane for example:40 Alkane Tetracontane 50 Alkane Pentacontane 60 Alkane Hexacontane 70 Alkane Heptacontane 80 Alkane Octacontane 90 Alkane Nonacontane 100 A
32、lkane Hectane 1.2 含支链烷烃和烷基 命名含支链的烷烃时，可把它们视为直链烷烃，但分別是某些氢（hydrogen）原子被称为烷基（alkyl groups）的原子取代。命名烷基时，只需把“基”（-yl）字加在相应的烷烃的字首后。如：CH3-Methyl CH3-(CH2)9-CH2-Undecyl CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 3-Methylpentane Univalent radicals Radical=Alk-ylfor example:CH3-Methyl CH3CH2-Ethyl CH3CH2CH2-Propyl CH3(CH2)2CH2-But
33、ylSaturated branched-chain hydrocarbon branched-chain hydrocarbon=n-Radical+alkane for example:CCCCCCCCCCC C C C C C CCCCC2-Methylbutane4-Ethyl-2,5-dimethylheptane2,2-DimethylpropaneUnivalent branched radicals Radical=Alk-yl for example:CCCCCCCCC2-Methylpropyl3-Methylbutyl1234CCCCsec-Butyl CCCCCtert
34、-ButylPolyside chain hydrocarbon ButylEthylIsopropylMethylPropyl for example:CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC12345674-Ethyl-3,3-dimethylheptane12345674-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-propyl-heptane 对取代的烷基也可以在相应的烃名前加“异”（iso-）、“仲”(sec-)、“叔”（tert-）、“新”（neo-）等字命名。下面是一些符合条件的烷基，其系统命名和普通命名如下：(CH3)2CH-CH-2-Methylpropyl Isobutyl
35、CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-1-Methylpropyl sec-Butyl (CH3)3C-1,1-Dimethylethyl tert-Butyl CH3-CH2-C(CH3)2-1,1-Dimethylpropyl tert-pentyl (CH3)3C-CH2-2,2-Dimethylpropyl Neopentyl1.3 一些可采用普通命名的支链烷烃：(CH3)2CH-CH3 Isobutane (CH3)2CH-CH2-CH3 Isopentane (CH3)4C Neopentane (CH3)2CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 Isohexane 1.4 复杂的烷烃 结构较复杂
36、的烷烃不能用普通命名法命名，只能采用系统命名法。选最长的碳链为主链，按相应的直链烷烃命名，从一端向另一端编号，支链作为取代基放在母体名称前，编号时使支链的编号尽可能小且支链的排列按基团的字母顺序。如:3-Ethyl-2-methylhexane 4-ethyl-3,3-dimethylheptane 复杂的烷烃命名时须注意分子中有两个等长碳链时，按以下原则进行比较：1）带支链数目较多者为主链，例如：2,3,5-Trimethyl-4-propylheptane2）支链定位号较小者为主链 4-Isobutyl-2,5-dimethylheptane2 烯烃和炔烃（alkenes and alky
37、nes）2.1 命名 烯烃和炔烃命名时将相应的烷烃的词尾“烷”（ane）改为“烯”（ene）或“炔”（yne），名称前加上不饱和键的编号即可。当所带的双键或叁键不止一个时，可在前边加上di、tri、tetra等数字来表示。有些简单的烯炔类化合物可用普通名称。例如：CH2=CH2 Ethene CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3 1-Pentene CH2=C=CH2 1,2-Propadiene Ethyne 1,3-ButadiyneHCCHHCCCCHNaming unsaturated hydrocarbon 2.1 Unbranched acyclic alkene Alkene=Numb
38、er prefix-ene for example:C-C-C-C=C-C 2-Hexene C-C=C Propene C-C=C-C 2-Butene C-C-C-C=C 1-Pentene Poly-ene n-Alkene=Alk-a-n-ene n=2 -adiene n=3 -atriene n=4 -atetraene for example:C-C=C-C=C-C=C 1,3,5-Heptatriene C=C-C=C 1,3-Butadiene C-C=C-C=C 1,3-PentadieneCCCCC2-Methyl-2-buteneCCCCCCC2-Methyl-2,4-
39、hexadieneCCCCCCCCCC3-Ethyl-4-Methyyl-1,5-heptadieneCCCCCCCCC2-Methyl-2,4,6-octatrieneAlkyne Alkyne=Alk-yne(-a-n-yne)n=2 -adiyne n=3 -atriyne for exanmple:CCCPropyneCCCCC2-PentyneCCEthyne(acetylene)CCCC1,3-Butadiyne 2.2 烯炔的命名 烃类分子中同时含有双键和叁键时成为烯炔，命名时烯在前炔在后，双键的编号写在前面，叁键的定位号写在表示炔烃词尾之前。例如：1,3-Hexadien-5-
40、yne 3-Penten-1-yneHCCCHCHCHCH2CH3CHCHCCHUnsaturated hydrocarbon with both double and triple bonds Alkenyne=Number prefix-en-yne Two ene+one yne -adien-?-yne Three ene+one yne -atrien-?-yne One ene+two yne -en-?-diyne for example:CCCCCC1,3-Hexadien-5-yneCCCCC3-Penten-1-yneCC C CC C CC7-Octene-1,3-diy
41、ne1-penten-4-yne4-hexen-1-yne1-hexen-4-yne2-hepten-5-yne1,3-heptadien-6-yne 系统命名中，应选含不饱和键最多且最长的直链。如分子中有两条直链具有相同数目的不饱和键时，取碳原子数较多者为主链。如碳原子数相同，则取含双键数目较多者为主链。例如:3,4-Dipropyl-1,3-hexadien-5-yne 4-Vinyl-1-hepten-5-yne 5-Ethynyl-1,3,6-heptatriene2.3 不饱和烃基的命名 不饱和烃基的命名类似于饱和烃基，但需要标出不饱和键的位置。有些简单的不饱和烃基可用俗名。例如:C
42、H3-CH=CH-1-Propenyl CH2=CH-CH=CH-1,3-Butadienyl CH2=CH-Vinyl Ethynyl CH2=CH-CH2-Allyl CH2=C(CH3)-Isopropenyl 2-Propynyl 2-Penten-4-ynyl CHCCHCCH2CHCCHCHCH2Alkene radical=Alken-ylAlkyne radical=Alkyn-yl Alkene radical=Alken-yl Alkyne radical=Alkyn-yl for example:CCC C CEthynyl2-PropynylCCCC1,3-Butadi
43、enylC C C1-PropenylC C CC C2-Penten-4-ynyl2.4 多价基的命名1)两个自由价在同一个碳原子上称为“亚”，英文词尾为“-ylidene”.例如：CH2=Methylene CH3CH=Ethylidene (CH3)2C=Isopropylidene2)两个自由价不在同一个碳原子上也称为“亚”，但需要标出定位号。例如：-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-Hexamethylene3)三个自由价在同一个碳原子上的称为次基，英文词尾为-ylidyne。例如：Ethylidyne MethylidyneCH3CCH Multivalent radicals
44、 Bivalent radical=univalent radical-idene(ene)Trivalent radical=univalent radical-idyne for example:CHMethylidyneCH3CHEthylideneCH3CEthylidyneCH2CVinylidene.MethyleneCH2CH2EthyleneCH2CH2CH2TrimethyleneCH2CH2CH2CH2TetramethyleneCHCH2CH3PropyleneCH23 环烃(cyclic hydrocarbons)3.1 脂肪环烃(alicyclic hydrocarb
45、ons)3.1.1 未取代的饱和单环烃命名时刻在相应的开链烃名前加“环”（cyclo）字。例如：Cyclopropane Cyclohexanecyclobutanecyclopentane Saturated monocyclic hydrocarbons Cyclic alkane=Cyclo-alkane for example:CyclopropaneCyclopentaneCyclohexane 3.1.2 含取代基的脂肪环烃 环上带有侧链时，如侧链的碳原子数不比环内的碳原子数多，侧链作为取代基。如侧链的碳原子数目等于或多于环内碳原子数，或侧链有不止一个脂环时，则将环作为取代基命名。
46、例如：1-Ethyl-3-methylcyclopentane 1-Cyclobutylpentane 1,2-Dicyclohexylethane CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3CH2CH2Univalent radicals of cyclic hydrocarbon Cyclic radical=Cyclo-R for example:CyclopropylCyclopentadien-1-ylCyclohexen-1-yl2,4-3-2-CH32-Methyl-2,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl3.1.3 不饱和单环烃的命名 不饱和单环烃的命名是把相应的饱和单环烃的词尾ane
47、改为ene（烯）、yne（炔）、adiene（二烯）、adiyne（二炔）、enyne（烯炔）等，并使不饱和键尽可能取最小编号。例如：1,5-Cyclooctadien-3-yne 5-Methylene-1,3-cyclopentadieneCH2Unsaturated monocyclic hydrocarbons Cyclic alkene=Cyclo-alkene for example:CyclopropeneCyclopentadieneCyclohexen-4-yne1-4 桥环烃(bridgedhydrocarbons)桥环烃的命名按以下步骤进行1）确定环数，将环状分子变为开链
48、烃时所需要断开的次数就是该分子的环数。2）选择主环,主环应包含尽量多的碳原子，且有两个碳原子作为主桥桥头。3）选择主桥,主桥要包含尽量多的碳原子，且尽可能把主环对称的分开。4）桥环烃的编号 桥头原子定为1，然后沿最长链依次编号至另一桥头，再沿次长链编至1号碳原子，再编主桥和次桥内的碳原子直至编完。5）将相当于桥环烃所有环上碳原子总数的直链烃名放在后面。6)在最前面，标出环数，如双环Bicyclo,三环Tricyclo。然后在方括号内标明各个环中的除桥头原子以外的碳原子数目，最后标明主桥及次桥，并用上标来表明次桥的位置，标明次桥位置的上应尽可能小。Bicyclic bridged hydroca
49、rbon12345678Bicyclo3,2,1octane876543219Bicyclo4,3,2undecaneBicyclo2,2,0hexanePolycyclic systemsC C C C CC C C C CC1234567891011Tricyclo5,4,0,02,9undecaneCCCCCCCCCC C CCTricyclo5,5,1,03,11tridecane1234567891011Tricyclo5,3,1,06,10undecane12345678Tricyclo3,2,1,02,4octane Bicyclo4.4.0decane Tricyclo4.2.
50、1.02,5non-2-ene Pentacyclo4.2.0.02,5.03,8.04,7octane Tricyclo3.3.1.13,7decane5 螺环烃(spirohydrocarbons)螺环烃主要采用Patterson命名法，其命名方法如下：在与总碳原子数目相应的烃名前加螺（Spiro），中间加一方括号，将各环内螺原子以外的原子数由小到大排列在方括号内，数字之间用圆点分开，编号时从小环一端与螺原子相邻的碳原子开始沿环依次进行，待螺原子编完后再编另一环。分子中若有两个或三个螺原子时，则用二螺（Dispiro）或三螺（Trispiro）。CH3例如：Spiro3.5nonane 1
