1、 Discovering Useful StructuresUnit 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD Leading InGuessing Game：Look at the translations of some Chinese song lyrics(歌词).Try to find out the Chinese version(版本)and sing the song.1.You are like the most beautiful cloud that I have ever seen.Let me try to make you stay.2.We all
2、 need courage,with which we will believe that we can be together.3.Ten years later,we are still friends who can also greet with each other sincerely.4.I know I have a pair of invisible wings which can take me to fly and give me hope.Leading In【答案】1.你是我天边最美的云彩，让我用心把你留下来。最炫民族风2.我们都需要勇气,去相信会在一起。勇气3.十年之
3、后,我们是朋友，还可以问候。十年4.我知道我一直有双隐形的翅膀,带我飞,给我希望。隐形的翅膀Learning Review先行词关系词（关系代词、关系副词）人who、whom、that、whose物which、that、whose时间which、that、when地点which、that、where原因which、that、whyActivity Inquiry探究一 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句1.when引导定语从句【自主探究】It was a time when people were divided geographically.It was a time in which peopl
4、e were divided geographically.Activity InquiryActivity Tipswhen引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示_的名词，when在从句中作时间状语，相当于“”结构。时间介词in/at/on/during.whichActivity Inquiry2where引导定语从句【自主探究】I told my mum that I wanted to give up,and that I would never live in a country where German was spoken.I told my mum that I wanted to
5、 give up,and that I would never live in a country in which German was spoken.探究一 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句Activity InquiryActivity Tips(1)where引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示地点的名词，where在从句中作_状语，相当于“_”结构。(2)关系副词where可表示抽象的“地点”。常见的先行词有situation、stage、point、case、position、condition等。地点介词in/at.whichActivity Inquiry3why引导定语从句【自主探
6、究】There are many reasons why this has been possible,but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.There are many reasons for which this has been possible,but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.探究一 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句Activity InquiryActivity Tips从句的先行词通常是 ，why在从句
7、中作 状语，相当于“介词 ”。reason原因for+whichActivity Inquiry【名师点津】若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词或“介词+关系代词”引导从句；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则应用关系代词引导。Do you remember the days(which/that)we spent together?你还记得我们一起度过的那些日子吗？(关系代词在从句中作宾语)The school(which/that)we visited yesterday is newly built.我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词在从句中作宾语)This is the
8、reason(which/that)our teacher gave us for doing it.这就是我们老师给我们的做此事的理由。(关系代词在从句中作宾语)He gave me a reason which/that was reasonable.他给了我一个合情合理的理由。(关系代词在从句中作主语)探究一 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句Activity Inquiry探究一 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句(1)This is the place we held a party last week.(2)Do you remember the days we spent together
9、on the farm?(3)I dont know the reason he didnt turn to his good friend for help yesterday.(4)I wont listen to the reason you have given us.(5)This is the place we visited last year.(6)Do you remember the days we chatted with each other all night?where that/whichwhy that/whichthat/whichwhenActivity I
10、nquiry探究二 “介词which/whom”引导的定语从句【自主探究】1.This is the book which she is looking for.2.The woman with whom I talked just now comes from America.3.This is called“herd immunity”,which protects the people who get hurt easily,including those who cant be vaccinated for medical reasons,babies too young to get
11、 vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work.4.If you have anything on which you want my opinions,feel free to see me.5.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of which uses it differently.Activity InquiryActivity Tips1“介词关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用 或 ，即 ，且不能省略。which(指物)wh
12、om(指人)介词which/whomActivity InquiryActivity Tips2“介词关系代词(which/whom)”中介词的选择：一先，二动，三意义。“一先”，即根据 来确定介词。The factory in which Im working mainly produces computers.我工作所在的工厂主要生产电脑。(in which代替in the factory，“在工厂里”用介词in。)“二动”，即根据定语从句中的 来确定介词。In the dark street there wasnt a single person to whom she could tu
13、rn for help.在漆黑的街道上她没有一个人可以求助。(to whom代替to a person；turn to sb.for help“向某人求助”。)“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30p.m.,by which time many people have gone home.在办公室里，我要到下午5：30之后才能有点空闲，到那时，许多人已经回家了。先行词谓语动词Activity InquiryActivity Tips3介词前有时加名词、数词、不定代词，构成“名词
14、/数词/不定代词 ”结构，在定语从句中作主语。I collected some books,the covers of which(whose covers/of which the covers)are yellow with years.我收藏了一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。of which/whomActivity InquiryActivity Tips4“复合介词which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一幢大
15、房子里，房前有一棵大树。Activity Inquiry【名师点津】(1)当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配不可分割时，那么该动词短语中的介词不能前置，如listen to，look at，look for，look into，depend on，make use of，pay attention to，take care of等。This is the pen which Im looking for.这是我正在找的那支钢笔。(2)“介词where”和“介词which”的用法不同，如：His head soon appeared out of the window,from where h
16、e saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)探究二 “介词which/whom”引导的定语从句Activity Inquiry【即学即练】用“介词关系代词”填空(1)This is the man _ I just shook hands.(2)None of us know the reason _ Tom was absent.(3)Do you remember the day _ you joined our club
17、?(4)There is a big window _ I can see the railway station.with whomfor whichon whichthrough which探究二 “介词which/whom”引导的定语从句Activity Inquiry探究三 项目活动Activity1 Work in pairs.Ask and answer questions.【答案】略Activity InquiryActivity2 Describe one of your favourite memories with restrictive relative clauses.
18、Use the expressions below to help you.One of my favorite memories is of the time when.The place where it happened was.That was the day when.The reason why.探究三 项目活动Activity InquiryOne of my favourite memories is of the time when I first used English by myself in a restaurant.The place where it happen
19、ed was Covent Garden in London.That was the day when I realised I could speak English well with a little confidence.I ordered our meal and had a chat with the waiter about where we came from and where is good to visit in China.The reason why it gave me confidence is because it was a real life situat
20、ion and not just in a classroom.探究三 项目活动Activity Inquiry探究四 语言知识1.struggle n&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗(教材P64)When I started studying German,it was a struggle.当我开始学习德语时，这是一场战斗。【知识拓展】struggle for 努力争取；为而斗争struggle against/with 与作斗争struggle to do sth.努力做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来Activity Inquiry探究四 语言知识【即学即练】单句语
21、法填空/句型转换She never gave up and struggled (live)an active life.He struggled his feet and dragged slowly ahead.Women are fighting for equal pay and equal work.Women are equal pay and equal work.to liveto struggling for Activity Inquiry【小片段助记】We struggle for success all our life;however,it is a struggle
22、 to make every day meaningful.The thought of giving up haunts us when we fail again and again,but the desire for flowers and applause urges us to struggle to our feet when we fall over before trouble.探究四 语言知识Activity Inquiry2.the比较级，the比较级“越，就越”(教材P64)It was exercise for the brain；the more I learnt
23、of a language,the more my brain would grow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就会开发得越多。探究四 语言知识Activity Inquiry句式分析(1)the比较级，the比较级 越，就越(2)the more.,the less.越，越不the more.the better.越多，就越好The more he explained,the more confused I became.他越解释我就越迷惑。As is known to us,the lazier a person is,the more things he needs
24、 to do tomorrow.众所周知，一个人越懒，他明天要做的事情就越多。探究四 语言知识Activity Inquiry【即学即练】完成句子 ,the more equipped for life you are.你学到的知识越多，你就为生活准备得越好。you pay,you will gain.付出越多，收获就越多。you talked,attention he paid to you.你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。The more you learnThe morethe moreThe morethe more探究四 语言知识Conclusion学 习了 哪些 语言 知识关系副词引
25、导的定语从句1.when2.where3.why关系副词引导的定语从句when在从句中作时间状语where在从句中作地点状语why在从句中作原因状语1.先行词指人2.先行词指物介词+whom/whose介词+which/whose重要语言点1.struggle2.the比较级，the比较级ExerciseThe United States(UN)is an organization 1._ aims to promote(促进)international cooperation(合作).It was founded in 1945 and has about 190 member states
26、(成员国).This is the reason 2._ the UN has a huge number of translators and interpreters,since international meetings in the UN are attended(参加)by people 3._ speak so many different languages.Translators are people 4._ usually work with written language,while interpreters work with spoken language.Meet
27、ings 5._ only two languages are used may need only one interpreter,while larger events 6._ leaders from many countries gather may need over 70 interpreters.Exercise AnalysisThe United States(UN)is an organization 1._ aims to promote(促进)international cooperation(合作).It was founded in 1945 and has abo
28、ut 190 member states(成员国).This is the reason 2._ the UN has a huge number of translators and interpreters,since international meetings in the UN are attended(参加)by people 3._ speak so many different languages.Translators are people 4._ usually work with written language,while interpreters work with spoken language.Meetings 5._ only two languages are used may need only one interpreter,while larger events 6._ leaders from many countries gather may need over 70 interpreters.that/whichwhy/for whichwho/thatwho/thatwhere/in whichwhere/in which
