1、Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句定语从句(Restrictive relative clauses)()that,which,who,whom,whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句【情境探究情境探究】观察上面对话观察上面对话,并完成句子并完成句子1.The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting.他昨天买的那本书很有趣。他昨天买的那本书很有趣。2.Do you know the boy _ just came in?你认识那个刚刚进来的男孩吗你认识那个刚
2、刚进来的男孩吗?that/whichwho3.He has moved into a house _ face the sea.他已经搬进了一个窗子朝向大海的房子。他已经搬进了一个窗子朝向大海的房子。whose windows【要义详析要义详析】一、分类一、分类:定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。语从句。1.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切关系十分密切,书
3、写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语词在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词通常可以省关系代词通常可以省略。略。*Shanghai is a city(that)Ive always wanted to visit.上海是我一直想参观的城市。上海是我一直想参观的城市。2.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句它只是对先行词作附加补充说明它只是对先行词作附加补充说明,如果去掉如果去掉,主句主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切很密切,书写时往往用逗号书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句分开
4、。非限制性定语从句不用不用that引导。引导。*The old woman,who lives on her own,has a cat for company.这个这个老妇人一个人住老妇人一个人住,养了一只猫陪伴她。养了一只猫陪伴她。二、关系代词的用法二、关系代词的用法定语从句的关系代词有定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who,whom以及以及whose。*How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday?你认为上周日上映的电影怎么样你认为上周日上映的电影怎么样?(指物指物,作主语作主语)*Do you know t
5、he gentleman who/that is sitting there?你认识坐在那里的那位绅士吗你认识坐在那里的那位绅士吗?(指人指人,作主语作主语)*The man(who/whom/that)youre talking to is my friend.和你谈话的那个人是我朋友。和你谈话的那个人是我朋友。(指人指人,作宾语作宾语)*The palace(which/that)I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.我经常去参观的那座宫殿建于我经常去参观的那座宫殿建于17世纪。世纪。(指物指物,作宾语作宾语)*Child
6、ren whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.饮食富含高脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。饮食富含高脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。(指人指人,作定作定语语)【名师点津名师点津】whose还是还是which关系代词在定语从句中作定语关系代词在定语从句中作定语时时,无论无论指人还是指人还是指物，都要用指物，都要用whose，而不能用，而不能用which。*Thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。*Have
7、you seen the film Titanic,whose leading actor is world-famous?你看过你看过泰坦尼克号泰坦尼克号这部电影吗这部电影吗?它的男主角是世它的男主角是世界著名的。界著名的。【知识延伸知识延伸】关系代词的用法与分类依据关系代词的用法与分类依据1.根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性;2.根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;3.根据它在从句中所充当的成分根据它在从句中所充当的成分主语、宾语或定主语、宾语或定语。语。【即学活用即学活用】用定语从句合并句子。用定语从句合并句子。(1)I
8、live next door to a couple.Their children often make a lot of noise._I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.(2)The man is from Peking University.I talked about the man at the meeting._ _The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Peking University.(3)Th
9、e boy is sitting on the chair.The boy is my brother._The boy who/that is sitting on the chair is my brother.(4)The city is near the sea.The city is very beautiful._The city which/that is near the sea is very beautiful.三、关系代词三、关系代词that与与which的用法辨析的用法辨析1.只用只用that而不用而不用which 的情况的情况(1)先行词有形容词最高级修饰时先行词有形
10、容词最高级修饰时*Henry is the most energetic young man that I have ever come across.亨利是我见过的最有活力的年轻人。亨利是我见过的最有活力的年轻人。(2)先行词有序数词修饰时先行词有序数词修饰时*This is the third time that they have met.这是他们第三次见面。这是他们第三次见面。(3)先行词为先行词为all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing,none 等不定等不定代词代词,或被或被不定代词修饰时不定代词修饰时*Nothing that
11、 the teacher does doesnt influence his students.老师所做的事情没有不影响到他的学生的。老师所做的事情没有不影响到他的学生的。(4)先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时*He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.他谈论了他拜访过的学校和老师。他谈论了他拜访过的学校和老师。(5)先行词前面有先行词前面有the very,the only,the last,the same等词修饰时等词修饰时*This is the very room that I slept in
12、that evening.这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。*This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。【名师点津名师点津】the same.that/as的区别：的区别：the same.that表示表示“同一个同一个”(同一性同一性)the same.as表示表示“类似的一个类似的一个,而不是同一个而不是同一个”(相相似性似性)*This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块手表。这就是我丢的那块手表。(同一个同一个)*I have
13、 bought the same watch as you have.我买了一块和你一样的手表。我买了一块和你一样的手表。(相似的相似的,非同一个非同一个)(6)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时*Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。(7)句中其他位置已出现句中其他位置已出现which，为避免重复，不用，为避免重复，不用which而用而用that。*Which is the car that has overtaken us?超过
14、我们的是哪辆车超过我们的是哪辆车?2.只用只用which 而不用而不用that 的情况的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时*I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,which my classmates recommended to me.我上周从图书馆借了我上周从图书馆借了夏洛克夏洛克福尔摩斯福尔摩斯这本书这本书,这这是我的同学推荐给我的。是我的同学推荐给我的。(2)在定语从句中在定语从句中,关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时*I was put in a position in wh
15、ich I had to accept I was less important.我被置于不得不接受我不重要的境地。我被置于不得不接受我不重要的境地。【名师点津名师点津】强调句与定语从句的区别强调句与定语从句的区别*It was the student that/who asked the silly question.就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句强调句)*He was the student who asked the silly question.他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句定语从句)【即学活用即
16、学活用】选词填空选词填空(that/which)(1)Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.(2)Have you any books _ are worth reading?(3)This is the best film _ I have ever seen.thatthatthat(4)Im going to talk about the countries and people _ I have visited.(5)Bamboo is hollow,_ makes it very light.thatwhichThank You
