1、1.Chinese is our _.2.a native speaker of English3.speak English like _4.The giant panda is native _ China.5.Her uncle is a native _ Shanghai.6.Attitude determines altitude.7.have/hold/take/adopt an attitude to/towards sth.People _ are more likely to succeed.our native language/tonguea nativetoofwho
2、take a positive attitude to life/with a positive attitude towards liferefer to1.查字典查字典refer to/consult a dictionary/look up a new word in a dictionary2.What does the underlined word refer to in this sentence?3.The scientists referred to the relation between the two materials many times in their repo
3、rt.4.Marcia used to refer to him _ a bookworm.5.refer.to.You should refer this matter to the head office for a decision.6.My teacher gave me a list of _ for my _ when I was working on my paper.7.She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.asreferencesreference让步状语让步状语虽然虽然身有残疾，她
4、还是成为了杰出的书法家。身有残疾，她还是成为了杰出的书法家。Although/Though/Even if she is disabled,she has become a brilliant calligrapher.=_,she has become a brilliant calligrapher.=Despite/In spite of _,she has become a brilliant calligrapher.=Despite _ she is disabled,she has become a brilliant calligrapher.ups and downs1.Do
5、nt be so frustrated;life is full of ups and downs.2.Dickens novel A Tale of Two Cities mirrors the ups and downs of British.Disabled as she isher disabilitythe fact that base v./n.1.They based the film on a novel by D.H.Lawrence.=The film was based on a novel by D.H.Lawrence.=The film was on the bas
6、is of a novel by Lawrence.base A on B =A be based on/upon B =A be on the basis of B2._ on a novel by D.H.Lawrence,the film was a big hit then.3.Plants are the base of the food chain.This singer has a strong fan base at home and abroad.4.Huawei is a Shenzhen-_ company.Hospitals lack even _ equipment
7、for treatment.Basedbasedbasic date back date back to1.Their friendship _ the 1960s.=Their friendship _ about fifty years.2.These carvings and paintings date back to 1173.=These carvings and paintings date from 1173.3.a carving _ the 13 century 4.a carving _more than 700 years dates back todates back
8、=追溯追溯(多少多少时间时间)=date from 追溯到追溯到(什么什么时间时间)dating back todating backcarve v.1.The statue was carved out of a single piece of stone.2.They carved a single piece of stone _ a statue.3.With strong ambition,the poor boy from nowhere carved himself a place in history/carved his name into history.4.Its unc
9、ivilized to _(把名字刻在书桌上把名字刻在书桌上).5.The ornately carved doors were made in the seventeenth century.intocarve your name on the deskvary v._ adj._ n.在在(年龄，高度年龄，高度)方面不同方面不同 与与不同不同 随着随着的变化而变化的变化而变化 由由到到不等不等 因人而异因人而异 Weve been looking forward to the upcoming“Art Festival”,where _ performances will be stage
10、d.Apples come in a great many varieties.variety show various varietyvary in(age,height)vary/differ from=be different from vary with.vary/range/differ from to between andvary from individual to individual a(wide)variety of=varieties of=various major adj._ n._ vi._1.Determined to major _ physics at co
11、llege,he _(做了一个重大决定做了一个重大决定)on choosing subjects.After graduating from college as a _ in physics,he was employed by a _(一家大公司一家大公司).主要的；重要的主要的；重要的主修课程；主修学生主修课程；主修学生主修；专门研究主修；专门研究inmade a major decisionmajormajor company means n.(单复同形单复同形)1.WeChat,as an effective means of instant communication,is now
12、 gaining popularity.2.Is there any means of contacting him?3.-May I borrow your paper?-By all means.4.She is by no means an experienced teacher.=By no means is she an experienced teacher.5.We express our thoughts by means of words.by means of=certainly=with the help of=by using regard n._ n.pl._ vi.
13、_ have a high regard for.钦佩钦佩.hold sb/sth in high regard 敬重敬重.give ones regards to.代某人向代某人向.问候问候 with/in regard to 关于关于1.I _ his calligraphy.2.I hate it when he shows/pays/has little regard for the book borrowed from me.3.We always _(把他当朋友把他当朋友),but he showed his colors in the emergency.4.Through ye
14、ars tireless efforts,she finally got her work _.尊重；关注尊重；关注问候；敬意问候；敬意把把.视为；看待视为；看待regard him as a friend=regarding prep.have a high regard forregard.as.regardedappreciate vt.1.I appreciate your helping me very much.2.As I will be away for at least a year,Id appreciate hearing from you now and then,te
15、lling me how everyone is getting along.3.I would appreciate it if you could do me a favor.4.Slowly,we came to appreciate how serious the situation was.uappreciate sth.uappreciate(sbs)doing 感激感激uI would appreciate it if sb did/could/would do 要是要是将不胜感激将不胜感激strugglev.&n.(1)struggle for 为为斗争斗争;努力争取得到某物努
16、力争取得到某物 struggle with/against 同同作斗争作斗争 struggle to do sth 努力做某事努力做某事 struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来挣扎着站起来 struggle through the snowstorm 冒着暴风雪冒着暴风雪前进前进(2)the struggle for existence/independence take up/engage in a struggle 从事从事/参加斗争参加斗争 with a struggle 费劲地费劲地1.They had to _ all kinds of difficulties f
17、rom home and abroad.2.她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的人。她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的人。She _ get away from her attacker.3._(经过长期努力经过长期努力),the old woman gained control of her business.4.These slaves made up their minds to _ their freedom and equality.5.Bravely,Mary _,and fought against the wind and rain beating against her.6.Hardly ca
18、n you imagine what difficulty we had _.After a long strugglestruggle against/withstruggled to struggle forstruggled to her feetstruggling through the snowstorm The two squares are equal in size:this one is equal to that.A be equal to B(in)I believe I am equal to carrying out the work.=I believe I _
19、the work.=I believe I am competent to carry out the work.sb.be equal to(doing)sth.=sb.be qualified for sth./to do sth.=sb.be competent to do sth.=胜任胜任am qualified for1.She demanded to speak to the manager.2.They have demanded that all the facts(should)be made public.demand to do sth.demand that sb.(
20、should)do sth.注意注意：hope sb.to do sth.demand sb.to do sth.agree sb.to do sth.3.Teaching is a _ but rewarding job.demandingrelate v._ n.1.In the future,pay increases will be related to productivity.2.We shall discuss the problem regarding our specific case.=We shall discuss the problem _ our specific case.relate A to B=connect A to B=link A to Brelate to.relating torelation
