1、 科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 1 页 共 15 页 南京航空航天大学南京航空航天大学 2012017 7 年年硕士硕士研究生入学考试初试试题研究生入学考试初试试题（A A 卷卷 ）科目代码:620 满分:150 分 科目名称:基础英语 注意:认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在所有答案必须写在答题纸答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；效；本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I.Vocabulary(20 points)A.Choose the word or phra
2、se marked A,B,C,and D to best correspond to the word above.Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.(10 points)1.reminisce a)indulge in enjoyable recollection b)remind someone of past events c)talk about something again d)feel repentant over something 2.tacky a)very pretty b)lacking in
3、taste c)carefully prepared d)costing a lot of money 3.verbosity a)nonsense b)obscurity c)gibberish d)wordiness 4.acme a)height b)significance c)development d)result 5.exhilarate a)cause(someone)to feel surprised and upset b)make(someone)feel very happy and animated c)make(someone)feel bitter or rese
4、ntful d)give support or confidence to(someone)6.restive a)extremely graceful b)having a rest c)resisting control d)peaceful and quiet 7.discrepancy a)unlikeliness b)congruity c)incredibility d)difference 8.unequivocal a)unambiguous b)unbelievable c)indignant d)indiscreet 9.preposterous a)macabre b)u
5、nfortunate 科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 2 页 共 15 页 c)dangerous d)outrageous 10.sojourn a)a pleasant trip b)a nostalgic recollection c)a temporary stay d)a sad experience B.Directions:Explain the italicized words in the following sentences with simple,everyday words or expressions in English.Be sure to write
6、 down your explanation on the answer sheet.(10 points)1.What all this tells us is of a deep class rift in the culture of England after the Norman Conquest.2.To that world assembly of sovereign states,the United Nations,we renew our pledge of support:to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for inv
7、ective.3.Logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.4.These young men had outgrown town and families and had developed a sudden bewildering world-weariness.5.To win in New York is to be uneasy;to lose is to live in jostling proximity
8、to the frustrated majority.6.The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade,but for making money,his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.7.Here was the very heart of industrial America,the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity.8.Scientists estab
9、lished several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle,the spring snowmelt now comes earlier every year.9.These coasts remind me of people;either they are forbidding and unapproachable,or else they present no mystery and show all they have to give at a glance.10.His invasion of
10、Russia is no more than a prelude to an attempted invasion of the British Isles.II.Cloze(20 points)A.Fill in each of the following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down the required word on the answer sheet.(10 points)NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson is on the 1 of becoming the ol
11、dest woman to travel in space.Whitson will be 56 2 she rockets off the planet Thursday.Shell celebrate her 57th 3 in February on the International Space Station.Thats a 4 cry from John Glenns space shuttle flight at 5 77,and its a 6 years shy of the male runners-up over the years.But its enough to 7
12、 Barbara Morgans record as the worlds oldest spacewoman.Morgan was selected for NASAs teacher-in-space program in 1985 8 didnt get a chance to fly until 2007,when she was 55.This will be the third space station mission for Whitson,a biochemist,and her second stint 9 commander.Shell launch from Kazak
13、hstan,in Central Asia,10 two younger men,one Russian and the 11 French.“I love working at NASA,but the part that has been the 12 satisfying on a day-to-day 13 has 科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 3 页 共 15 页 been working onboard the space station,”Whitson 14 reporters over the summer.“It doesnt 15 if Im cleaning
14、 the filters.I feel like Im helping personally push 16 exploration.thats 17 I want to go again.”Whitson already has 18 377 days in space and has performed multiple spacewalks.Her upcoming six-month mission should push her 19 534 days in space,the U.S.record 20 in September by 58-year-old astronaut J
15、effrey Williams B.Fill in each blank with a proper word from the following box.Change its form if necessary and write down the required word on the answer sheet.(10 points)without open initial four-wheel offer access hot evacuee devastate feel although chance seaside slow spokesman load put helicopt
16、er emergency to A road has been cleared to the 1 town of Kaikoura on New Zealands east coast four days after it was cut off by a magnitude 7.8 quake that 2 the North Canterbury region of the South Island.The inland road to Kaikoura was 3 on Thursday morning,but only for trucks and 4 drive vehicles a
17、s it remained unstable and badly damaged.A convoy of 27 army vehicles 5 with relief supplies was immediately sent to the town.Gale-force winds and heavy downpours in quake-stricken areas continued to 6 the pace of relief efforts,7 the majority of the 1,200 tourists stranded in Kaikoura had been evac
18、uated by sea and air.Nearly 500 8 came into Christchurch early on Wednesday morning on the HMNZS Canterbury and were 9 up in empty student dormitories,where they were 10 cooked breakfasts and 11 showers after arriving at 5am.Police in Marlborough were using a military Iroquois 12 to begin checking o
19、n isolated high-country farms from the Clarence river 13 the upper Awatere valley,delivering 14 food and medical supplies to farmers who had gone 15 assistance since the quake early on Monday.Police 16 Dan Mattison said many people on isolated properties still had no phone or internet 17 and the nex
20、t few days would be the first 18 for police to check on them.Aftershocks continued to be 19 ,but less often.GeoNet said on Wednesday it had recorded more than 2,600 tremors since the 20 quake.III.Error correction(20 points)Directions:There are twenty mistakes in the following passage.You are require
21、d to underline or mark the mistakes and get them corrected.Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet.Example:“Wordsworth is said to have most fascinating voice!”the As the rise of Hitler in Germany,Churchill became a vocal critic 1._ of his own governments policy of appeasement.He h
22、ad urged 2._ 科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 4 页 共 15 页 re-armament,particularly the build up of the Royal Air Force in the 3._ face of the threat of the growing German Luftwaffe.When appeasement failed and Britain went to war,Churchill saw as the only man who could 4._ stand up to the Nazi menace.It has frequ
23、ently been remarked as his judgment was sometimes 5._ erratic,but the power of his oratory rallied the British people at a time that 6._ they seemed doom to lose.Then,when the United States entered 7._ the World War II in December 1941,he addressed Congress,emphasizing 8._ the need for Anglo-America
24、n solidarity and cited his own trans-Atlantic 9._ inheritance:his mother was the New York heiress Jenny Jerome.For him the 10._ vital component was not the sharing blood,but the shared language.During 11._ the war,the British Cabinet set up a committee to develop a simple form 12._ of English that t
25、he whole world could embrace.Although Churchill fell from power in 1945,his commanding of rhetoric 13._ was far from over.He coined the term“Iron Curtain”,marked the advent of 14._ the Cold War.Returning to popular favour,he was Prime Minister once more from 1951-1955.Determined that history would j
26、udge him favourable,he wrote The 15._ Second World War in six volumes between 1948 to 1953.It won him 16._ Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953.17._ By his death in 1965,he proved his mastery of both the written and 18._ spoken forms of language not just in the heavyweight arena of war 19._ and politi
27、cs.His unique wit and acerbic asides made him out of the most 20._ acute observers of the twentieth century.IV.Paraphrase(30 points)Directions:Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning.Be sure to write down your restatement on the answer sheet.1.Nurses walked
28、by carrying nickel-plated instruments,the very sight of which would send shivers down the spine of any healthy visitor.2.No one,least of all I,anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U.S.history.3.She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one han
29、d,that“no”is a word the world never learned to say to her.4.They are symptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced.5.If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 5 页 共 1
30、5 页 6.Every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.7.With a good conscience our only sure reward,with history the final judge of our deeds,let us go forth to lead the land we love.8.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social stru
31、cture.9.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends.10.Heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away politics.V.General Knowledge(20 points)A.Directions:Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points)1.“If Aristotle had
32、 spoken Chinese,his logic would have been different.”This statement is cited to represent _.A.The arbitrariness of language B.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis C.The origin of language D.Innate Hypothesis 2.“Nasty weather,isnt it?”What function does this sentence fulfill?A.Informative function.B.Interrogative
33、function.C.Performative function.D.Phatic function.3.Which of the following is NOT a step in the procedure of error analysis?A.Recognition.B.Comparison.C.Description.D.Explanation.4.Which of the following tests seeks to predict the learners probable strengths and weaknesses in learning a second lang
34、uage?A.Achievement test.B.Proficiency test.C.Aptitude test.D.Diagnostic test.5.The classification of varieties of language into Dialects and Registers is based on _.A.The user and use of the language B.The function of the language C.The goal of the language D.The structure of language 6.Who is regar
35、ded as“Father of the English Novel”?科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 6 页 共 15 页 A.Daniel Defoe B.Samuel Richardson C.Jonathan Swift D.Henry Fielding 7.Which of the following writers is NOT a Nobel Prize winner for literature?A.William Faulkner B.Doris Lessing C.V.S.Naipaul D.J.M.Coetzee 8._ writing has establis
36、hed her as one of the greatest contemporary writers of fiction in Canada,and she has received many important prizes,including the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature for her work as“master of the contemporary short story”and three-time winner of Canadas Governor Generals Award for Fiction.A.Margaret Atwo
37、od B.Marian Engel C.Alice Munro D.Doris Lessing 9.Which of the following statements about literary genre is NOT true?A.Folktale,strictly defined,is a short narrative in prose of unknown authorship which has been transmitted orally.B.An epic is an extended narrative poem or a novel,which celebrates t
38、he feats of one or more legendary or traditional heroes.C.A picaresque novel generally refers to a basically realistic work of fiction focusing on a lower-class rogue-hero,who experiences a series of loose,episodic adventures.D.Gothic Novel is now generally applied to literature dealing with the str
39、ange,mysterious,and supernatural designed to invoke suspense and terror in the readers.10.Which one of the following sentences is NOT from Walden?A.Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity,and I may say innocence,with Nature herself.B.I went to the woods because I
40、wished to live deliberately,to front only the essentials facts of life,and see if I could not learn what it had to teach.C.If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years,how would men believe and adore;and preserve for many generation the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown
41、!D.Morning is when I am awake and there is a dawn in me.Moral reform is the effort to throw off sleep.B.Directions:Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in plain English on the answer sheet.(10 points)1.predicate plementary distribution 3.suprasegmental
42、 phonology 4.broadening 5.textual function 6.sonnet 7.Lake Poets 8.ecological consciousness 9.patriarchy 10.Lost Generation 科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 7 页 共 15 页 VI.Reading Comprehension(40 points)Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers
43、marked A,B,C or D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.Passage A For many years,parts of Americas space industry have complained that the rules governing the export of technology are too strict.Understan
44、dably,the government does not want militarily useful stuff to fall into the hands of its foes.But the result is a system that is too strict in its definition of“militarily useful”and which favours lumbering dinosaurs such as Lockheed Martin and Boeing,which survive on fat government contracts,rather
45、 than nimble but small“furry mammals”that need every customer they can get,domestic or foreign.In December 2007 one of those mammals,a company called Bigelow Aerospace,filed the first legal challenge to Americas rules for exporting space technology.It disputed the governments claim that foreign pass
46、engers travelling on a spaceship or space station were involved in a transfer of technology.The outcome suggests that there may be a chink in the armour of the export-controls regime.Improbable as it sounds,Bigelow Aerospace makes and launches inflatable space-station modules and hopes,one day,to bu
47、ild a commercial space station.Under the existing rules,any non-American passengers on its space stations would have to comply with onerous export controls.These take months to satisfy and could plausibly even culminate in government monitors being present while the foreigner was near American space
48、 technology.Even training on the ground in a mock-up module was deemed a transfer of technology and therefore required export controls.Yet,taking a passenger flight does not mean you can build an aeroplane,observes Mike Gold,head of Bigelows office in Washington,DC.His line of argument,it seems,has
49、been accepted.Mr Gold says that the company received the ruling in February and that it has spent the past two months digesting it.He says that Bigelow has got“everything we could want”,though the ruling still precludes passengers from what he describes as the“bad-boy list of export control”national
50、s from Sudan,Iran,North Korea and China will not be allowed to fly or train on suborbital passenger flights,or visit Bigelows space station.Other private space companies have welcomed the ruling.Marc Holzapfel,legal counsel for Virgin Galactic,describes it as a“major development”because it frees the
