1、 考试科目：外语（英）水平考试 共 14 页 第 1 页 2017 年年招收攻读招收攻读硕士硕士学位学位研究生入学考试试题研究生入学考试试题（B 卷）卷）*学科、专业名称：外国语言文学 研究方向：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学 考试科目名称：外语（英）水平考试 考试科目代码：706 考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。Part I.Vocabulary and Structure(30 points)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence t
2、here are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that BEST completes the sentence and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1._ photosynthesis is the ultimate source of food for almost all organisms on earth.A.It is an extremely important process C.That an extremely important process as B.An extr
3、emely important process,it is D.An extremely important process,2.It cannot be denied that the existing resources on earth will be depleted,but scientists are _ to concede the inevitability of that day.A.bound C.eager B.hesitant D.unprepared 3.By 2019,they will have to produce at least 20 million bar
4、rels of oil a day if the West _.A.is to avoid a crippling energy crisis C.avoids a crippled energy crisis B.avoids a crippling energy crisis D.were to avoid a crippled energy crisis 4.The bowel-shaped form of the kettledrum _ half of an enormous ball.A.looks rather like C.that looks like rather B.lo
5、oks like rather D.that looks rather like 5.Many flatworms have _ of eyes.A.more pairs than one C.one more pair than B.more than one pair D.one pair more than 6.The flock of geese was flying through the sky in perfect formation following _ leader.A.its C.his B.their D.her 7.The grape is the _,juicy f
6、ruit of a woody vine.考试科目：外语（英）水平考试 共 14 页 第 2 页 A.smooth-skinned C.skin,which is smooth B.skinned smooth D.smooth skin 8.“Are you helping to organize the political convention?”“Im in charge of welcoming the _.”A.visitors out-of-town C.out-of-town visitors B.visitors from outside of town D.outside t
7、own visitors 9.“What did you hear?”“I heard _ thunder.”A.one of C.a bolt of B.a flash of D.a piece of 10.People believe in the resurrection of _ of a soul which will experience good or evil according to this life.A.the dead of the possession C.deaths and possessions B.the deaths and possession D.the
8、 dead and the possession 11.Rattan comes from _ of different kinds of palms.A.its reedy stems C.the stems are reedy B.the reedy stems D.stems that are reedy 12.The international situation has been growing _ difficult for the past few years.A.simply C.potentially B.mainly D.increasingly 13.Even thoug
9、h the mayor was not _ the argument for the proposal,she decided to forgo her vote.A.influenced by C.indifferent to B.in support of D.opposed to 14._ the First World War,the United States became the dominant force in the motion picture industry.A.The advent of C.While the advent of B.With the advent
10、of D.It was during the advent of 15.To survive,a non-human species must be too _ to be thoroughly captured.A.concentrated C.resilient B.diffuse D.intractable 16._ to steel,chromium increases the metals hardness.A.Added C.Adding B.In addition D.Adds 17.He honors the old,_ the infirm,raises the downtr
11、odden,and destroys fanaticism.考试科目：外语（英）水平考试 共 14 页 第 3 页 A.salutes C.succors B.excuses D.equates 18.George would certainly have attended the proceedings _.A.if he didnt get a flat tire C.had he not had a flat tire B.if the flat tire hadnt happened D.had the tire not flattened itself 19.The language
12、 of Darwin was _ to experts and non-experts alike.A.intelligible C.intelligent B.intangible D.intellectual 20.Kitzi was an _ getting people to talk confidentially to him.A.adapt on C.adept at B.adept on D.adapt at 21.Mr.Leach is on holiday and was not _ for comment.A.persistent C.able B.valuable D.a
13、vailable 22.The bonding power of any adhesive depends on the cohesion of the adhesive itself and _ to the surface to which it is applied.A.how well does the adhesive adheres C.does the adhesive adhere B.how well the adhesive adheres D.the adhesive adheres 23.On the other are people who believe that
14、Americans are getting fatter because of powerful environmental factors like cheap corn,fast food,and _ advertising.A.scrupulous C.moral B.unscrupulous D.surplus 24.Except in times of _,we would scarcely allow public officials to declare states of emergency that replace some normal rules with those m
15、ore _ to extraordinary circumstances.A.serenity.indifferent C.obedience.ill-suited B.catastrophe.germane D.disaster.hostile 25.During the period of inflation,the value of money drops as _.A.prices rise C.the price is rising B.prices arise D.prices are raised 26.The translator who tries to represent
16、every word literally _.A.will have a great deal of difficulties C.will have a good many of difficulty B.will have a great deal of difficulty D.will have great many difficulties 27.“Do you like those kinds of cigarette?”“_ cigarette agrees with me.”考试科目：外语（英）水平考试 共 14 页 第 4 页 A.Hardly no C.Rarely no
17、B.Nearly no D.Almost none 28.Outside the bright primary rainbow,_ much fainter secondary rainbow may be visible.A.so C.since B.a D.still 29.The knee is _ most other joints in the body because it cannot twist without injury.A.more likely to be damaged than C.more than likely to be damaged B.likely to
18、 be more than damaged D.to be damaged more than likely 30.Penicillin acts both _.A.killing bacteria and their growth being inhibited B.to kill bacteria and to inhibit their growth C.by killing bacteria and by inhibiting their growth D.kills bacteria and inhibits their growth Part II.Proof-reading an
19、d Error Correction(10 points)Directions:Proofread the given passage as instructed.The passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum ONE error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word Underline th
20、e wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided on the ANSWER SHEET.For a missing word Mark the position of the missing word with a“”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided on the ANSWER SHEET.For an unnecessary word Cross the unnecessary word with a slas
21、h“/”and put the word in the blank provided on the ANSWER SHEET.Children seem to lose hair as a response to feeling abandoned.The young man whose squeaky voice was a standing joke to his friends unconsciously clung with a cold for weeks at a time because it made him sound huskily.These are examples o
22、f a field of investigation called psychosomatics,which the mind and body are considered integrating parts of the whole being,and both aspects are examined together.Studies have shown that a continuing condition of emotional stress can cause physical changes that lead to disease.The most provocative
23、conclusion that had so far been productive,however,is that different character types tend to get different diseases.Some 31._ 32._ 33._ 34._ 35._ 36._ 37._ _ 考试科目：外语（英）水平考试 共 14 页 第 5 页 investigators are piling up impressive evidence to show that there is a significant link between the kind of perso
24、n you are and the kind of body disease you are prone to.The method of this study by the psychiatrist Dr.Floyd Ring would appear to support the conclusion People with some illnesses can be picked out with a good percent of accuracy by personality alone.38._ 39._ 40._ Part III.Cloze(20 points)Directio
25、ns:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.You are required to read the passage and fill in each blank with a word from the word bank,and change the form where necessary.Do not use any of the words in the bank more than once.spans promotion fit passing trip vision destination outdistances retir
26、ement aisles loitering pouring sunsets pace grazing put station rolling burdens rejoice Tucked away in our subconscious is an idyllic_41_.We see ourselves on a long trip that _42_ the continent.We are traveling by train.Out of the windows,we drink in the _43_ scene of cars on nearby highways,of chil
27、dren waving at a crossing,of cattle _44_ on a distant hillside,of smoke _45_ from a power plant,of row upon row of corn and wheat,of flatlands and valleys,of mountains and _46_ hillsides,of city skylines and village halls.But uppermost in our minds is the final_47_.On a certain day at a certain hour
28、,we will pull in the station.Bands will be playing and flags waving.Once we get there,so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will _48_ together like a completed jigsaw puzzle.How restlessly we _49_ the aisles,damning the minutes for _50_waiting,waiting,waiting for the st
29、ation.“When we reach the station,that will be it!”We cry.“When Im 18.”“When I buy a new 450SL Mercedes Benz!”“When I _51_ the last kid through college.”“When I have paid off the mortgage!”“When I get a _52_.”“When I reach the age of _53_,I shall live happily ever after!”Sooner or later,we must reali
30、ze there is no _54_,no one place to arrive at once and for all.The true joy of life is the _55_.The station is only a dream.It constantly _56_ us.“Relish the moment”is a good motto,especially when coupled with Psalm 118:24:“This is the day which the Lord hath made;we will _57_ and be glad in it.”It
31、isnt the _58_ of today that drive men mad.It is the regrets over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow.Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today.So stop pacing the _59_ and counting the miles.Instead,climb more mountains,eat more ice cream,go barefoot more often,swim more rivers,watch more_6
32、0_,laugh more,cry less.Life must be lived as we go along.The station will come soon enough.考试科目：外语（英）水平考试 共 14 页 第 6 页 Part IV.Reading Comprehension(30 points)Directions:In this section,there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements,each with four suggested answers marked A,
33、B,C,and D.Choose the BEST answer and write the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1 Every day,millions of shoppers hit the stores in full force both online and on foot searching frantically for the perfect gift.Last year,Americans spent over$30 billion at retail stores in the month of
34、 December alone.Aside from purchasing holiday gifts,most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year,including weddings,birthdays,anniversaries,graduations,and baby showers.This frequent experience of gift-giving can engender ambivalent feelings in gift-givers.Many relish t
35、he opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds with ones closest peers.At the same time,many dread the thought of buying gifts;they worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended recipients.Anthropologists describe gift
36、-giving as a positive social process,serving various political,religious,and psychological functions.Economists,however,offer a less favorable view.According to Waldfogel(1993),gift-giving represents an objective waste of resources.People buy gifts that recipients would not choose to buy on their ow
37、n,or at least not spend as much money to purchase(a phenomenon referred to as“the deadweight loss of Christmas”).To wit,givers are likely to spend$100 to purchase a gift that receivers would spend only$80 to buy themselves.This“deadweight loss”suggests that gift-givers are not very good at predictin
38、g what gifts others will appreciate.That in itself is not surprising to social psychologists.Research has found that people often struggle to take account of others perspectives their insights are subject to egocentrism,social projection,and multiple attribution errors.What is surprising is that gif
39、t-givers have considerable experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-recipients,but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift.In the present research,we propose a unique psychological explanation for this overspending problem i.e.,that gift-givers equat
40、e how much they spend with how much recipients will appreciate the gift(the more expensive the gift,the stronger a gift-recipients feelings of appreciation).Although a link between gift price and feelings of appreciation might seem intuitive to gift-givers,such an assumption may be unfounded.Indeed,
41、we propose that gift-recipients will be less inclined to base their feelings of appreciation on the magnitude of a gift than givers assume.考试科目：外语（英）水平考试 共 14 页 第 7 页 Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely linked to gift-recipients feelings of appreciation?Perhaps givers believe that b
42、igger(i.e.,more expensive)gifts convey stronger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.According to Camerer(1988)and others,gift-giving represents a symbolic ritual,whereby gift-givers attempt to signal their positive attitudes toward the intended recipient and their willingness to invest resou
43、rces in a future relationship.In this sense,gift-givers may be motivated to spend more money on a gift in order to send a“stronger signal”to their intended recipient.As for gift-recipients,they may not construe smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thoughtfulness and
44、 consideration.The notion of gift-givers and gift-recipients being unable to account for the other partys perspective seems puzzling because people slip in and out of these roles every day,and,in some cases,multiple 10 times in the course of the same day.Yet,despite the extensive experience that peo
45、ple have as both givers and receivers,they often struggle to transfer information gained from one role(e.g.,as a giver)and apply it in another,complementary role(e.g.,as a receiver).In theoretical terms,people fail to utilize information about their own preferences and experiences in order to produc
46、e more efficient outcomes in their exchange relations.In practical terms,people spend hundreds of dollars each year on gifts,but somehow never learn to calibrate their gift expenditures according to personal insight.61.The authors most likely use the examples in lines 1-5 of the passage(“Every.showe
47、rs”)to highlight the _.A.regularity with which people shop for gifts B.recent increase in the amount of money spent on gifts C.anxiety gift shopping causes for consumers D.number of special occasions involving gift-giving 62.The authors indicate that people value gift-giving because they feel it _.A
48、.functions as a form of self-expression 考试科目：外语（英）水平考试 共 14 页 第 8 页 B.is an inexpensive way to show appreciation C.requires the gift-recipient to reciprocate D.can serve to strengthen a relationship 63.The“social psychologists”,mentioned in paragraph 2 would likely describe the“deadweight loss”pheno
49、menon as _.A.predictable B.questionable C.disturbing D.unprecedented 64.The authors refer to work by Camerer and others(line 3 of Para.4)in order to _.A.offer an explanation B.introduce an argument C.question a motive D.support a conclusion 65.The authors would likely attribute the differences in gi
50、ft-giver and recipient mean appreciation as represented in the graph to _.A.an inability to shift perspective B.an increasingly materialistic culture C.a growing opposition to gift-giving D.a misunderstanding of intentions Passage 2 Scientists have long debated how the ancestors of birds evolved the
