Unit 1 Discover useful structures (ppt课件+视频)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第一册.rar

Unit 1Unit 1UNIT 1UNIT 1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENTPEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENTTopracticethevocabulary.Tolearntousenon-restrictiverelativeclauses.Tomakesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.Lets know something about malariaBuild up your vocabularyBuild up your vocabulary1._cooksomethinginveryhotwater2._relatingtoplants3._qualitiesorcharacteristicsofsomething4._akindofsubstancethatflowsfreely,suchaswaterormilk5._physicalmaterialthatexistsWrite down the word that matches each definition.Then find the sentences containing these words in the text.boilbotanicalpropertiesliquidsubstance1boil:“Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwoodbutthisdidnotworkeither.”2botanical:In1969,she.tofindtraditionalbotanicaltreatmentsforthedisease.”3properties:“Herteamexaminedfortheirmedicalproperties.”4liquid:Theythentriedusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,”5substance:“Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.”TuYouyouandherteamfirsttried_sweetwormwoodandusedthe_obtained,onlytofinditdidntworksinceitsmedical_weredestroyed.Itwasnotuntilsheusedalowertemperaturethatthe_namedartemisinin,a_treatmentformalaria,wassuccessfullyextracted.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.botanical,boil,property,liquid,substanceboilingliquidpropertiessubstancebotanical1.Thetwoflowersarequitedistinctfromoneanother,soitiseasytomakea_betweenthem.2.Scientistsneedto_howthenewmaterialstandsuptowearandteartoprovehowvaluableitis.3.Atalentedscientistwellknownforhis_tohiscountry,HuangDaniancommittedhimselftohisresearchingeophysics.Guess the meaning of the underlined words.Then fill in the blanks with words that have the same roots.distinctionevaluatecommitment4.A:Didyoucometoanyconclusions?B:Yes,we_thatbydrawingouttheextractatalowtemperature,wecouldfindthesubstancethatweneededtocompletetheexperiment.5.Shespendsalotoftime_herpatientsdreams.Thisanalysisisveryhelpful,explainingtheirdailybehaviorverywell.concludedanalysingRead the passage about Lu Xun.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.acknowledgedobjectiveinsist,obtain,objective,acknowledge,apparently,crucialLuXun,_asoneofthegreatestmodernwritersinChina,wasborninShaoxing,ZhejiangProvincein1881.In1904,hewenttoJapanandbecameamedicalstudent,withthe_ofimprovingpeopleshealthandsavinglives.However,hechangedhismindwhenhesawinaphotoaChinesemanabouttobekilledbyaJapanesesoldier.apparentlycrucialinsist,obtain,objective,acknowledge,apparently,crucialItstruckhimthattheotherChinesemeninthephoto_didnotcareaboutwhatwashappeningtotheirfellowcountrymen.Fromthis,heconcludedthatthe_probleminChinawasnotphysicalillness,butthespiritualillnessofpeopleatthattime.Followingthis,hequitmedicalschool.WhenhereturnedtoChinain1908,he_ateachingjob.In1917,afriend_thathehelpwriteforamagazinecalledNew Youth.ThatwashowhisfirstfamousshortstoryA Madmans Diarygotpublished.obtainedinsistedDiscuss how people can achieve success,using words and expressions you have learnt in this unit.Bingbing:Inordertoachievesuccessinlife.Ithinkitiscrucialtoworkhard.Hongmei:Iagree,butIthinkitisvitaltoalsoworkharddoingtherightthings.Bingbing:Whatdoyoumean?Hongmei:Well,somepeopleapparentlytrytogetaheadbybeingdishonestandlying.Eventhoughtheyareworkinghard,whatgoodwillitdo?Bingbing:Thatsright.Andevenmorepeopleareworkinghardwithwrongobjectives.Theyjustwanttoobtainmoneyorbecomefamous.Hongmei:Butwhatisagoodreason?Bingbing:Ithinkitisgoodtoworktomaketheworldabetterplace,ortohelpotherpeoplewithdifficulties.Hongmei:Iseewhatyoumean.Describe the pictures,using relative clauses.ThedoctorwhoismakingaspeechisZhongNanshan.thedoctormakeaspeech修饰限制修饰限制restrictive relative clausesTheresearchwhichTuYouyousteamhasdoneisgreat.theresearchTuYouyousteamThemonkeywhichisteachingisverycute.themonkeyteachIprefertheboywhoisimitatingthefamouspainting.theboyimitatethefamouspaintingThenovel,whichIreadlastnight,isveryinteresting.补充说明补充说明thenovellastnightinterestingnon-restrictive relative clausesIadmireLily,whoalwayswearsabigsmile.admirewearsabigsmile定语从句就其与先行词的关系可分为限制性定语从句和非限制定语从句就其与先行词的关系可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。性定语从句。non-restrictive relative clauses一、形式不同一、形式不同限制性定语从句与其先行词关系密切，其间通常不用逗号限制性定语从句与其先行词关系密切，其间通常不用逗号隔隔开开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词关系不密切，常用逗号，非限制性定语从句与其先行词关系不密切，常用逗号隔隔开开。如：。如：Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatowncarsisincreasing.IspoketoDr.Smithjustnow,whoisalwaysreadytohelpothers.二、作用不同二、作用不同限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制，如果去掉会造成句限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制，如果去掉会造成句意的不完整；意的不完整；非限制性定语从句对先行词是修饰，补充解释说明或对主句进非限制性定语从句对先行词是修饰，补充解释说明或对主句进行评述，去掉不影响。如：行评述，去掉不影响。如：Franklinwasthefirstmanwhodiscoveredthenatureofelectricity.Thedriver,whowasveryyoung,hadonlyjustgothislicense.三、先行词不同三、先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词，非限制性定语限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词，非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词,也可以是主句的一部分或也可以是主句的一部分或整个主句。如：整个主句。如：Thingsthenimproved,whichsurprisedme.（先行词为整个主（先行词为整个主句）句）四、关系词不同四、关系词不同限制性定语从句可以由限制性定语从句可以由that,why引导，而非限制性定语从句不引导，而非限制性定语从句不用；关系词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，在非限制用；关系词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中通常不省略。如：性定语从句中通常不省略。如：Therewereveryfewpassengersthat/whohadescapedwithoutseriousinjury.Therewereveryfewpassengers,whohadescapedwithoutseriousinjury.Haveyoufoundthebook(that/which)youwant?【拓展拓展】无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，只要关系词无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，只要关系词在从句中作定语，都用在从句中作定语，都用whose引导。如：引导。如：Iliketheteacherwhoseclassesareveryinterestingandlively.Edward,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.关系副词或关系副词或“介词介词+which/whom”可引导限制性定语从句，可引导限制性定语从句，也引导非限制性定语从句。如：也引导非限制性定语从句。如：Hewasbornintheyearwhen/inwhichthewarbrokeout.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,where/inwhichmygrandparentslive.限制性定语从句中的关系代词一般指代一个名词或代词，而限制性定语从句中的关系代词一般指代一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词既可以指代一个名词或代词，非限制性定语从句中的关系代词既可以指代一个名词或代词，也可以指代主句的部分或全部内容。如：也可以指代主句的部分或全部内容。如：Hewaslateforclassagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)Theforeignguests,_(who/that)werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.2)Myfatherboughtmeseveralbooks,noneof_(which/that)Iliketoread.3)Isthereanyoneinyourclass_(which/whose)familyisinthecity?4)Football,_(which/that)isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.whowhichwhosewhich5)ThestudentswenttothehospitaltoseeMissZhang,_(that/whom)theyrespectgreatly.6)TheywenttotheRoyalTheatre,_(which/where)theysawthegreatshow.7)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_(which/that)wasmorethanIhadexpected.8)Thereare50studentsinourclass,halfof_(whom/who)aregirls.whomwherewhichwhomRead the following sentences and underline the relative clauses.Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions.1.TheytestedhundredsofChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstthedisease.restrictive,describethekindofmedicaltreatmentstheytested2.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonorsapersoncanreceive.non-restrictive,giveextrainformationaboutNobelPrize3.TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.non-restrictive,giveextrainformationaboutHainan4.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.non-restrictive,giveextrainformationaboutthepatientsMatch the words with correct meanings.theconditionsinwhichyouliveoraffectasituation/action/eventetcsomeonewhowritesnovelssmoothmovementofliquid/gas/electricity;themovementofgoods,people,orinformation;tosupplyinformationintheformofpicture/graph/figures;torecordinformation;tomakeaplanflow,circumstance,chart,novelistcircumstancenovelistflowchartRewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses.How do the sentences flow differently?The book tells us about Alexander Fleming.He discovered penicillin.The book tells us about Alexander Fleming,who discovered penicillin.1.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman,whowasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany,whereHitlerwasinpower.3.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda,whosecircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.4.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavoritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavoritenovelist,J.K.Rowling,whichinspiredusalot.5.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.PeiafamousChinese-Americanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.PeiafamousChinese-Americanarchitect,whowasborninGuangzhou,China.6.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflow chart.Itwasabigchallengeforme.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart,whichwasabigchallengeforme.Complete the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses to give extra information.Then share them with your group members.Id like to try,Id like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again,which seems to work best for my cough.1.Iwouldliketotravelaround,2.Whatimpressedmemost,3.Myfavoritescientistis,4.Finallywearrivedat,5.Mygrandparentslike,6.Iwishtoobtain,7.Mybestfriend,1.IwouldliketotravelaroundSichuanProvince,whereJiuzhaigoulocates.2.Whatimpressedmemostaboutthefilmwastheending,whichwasquitemoving.3.MyfavoritescientistisNikolaTesla,whowasquitebrilliantbutalsohassomecrazyideas.4.Finallywearrivedatthezoo,whichwasclosedforrepairs.5.Mygrandparentslikegoingforoutingsinspring,whichisgoodfortheirhealth.6.Iwishtoobtainadrivinglicence,whichisnecessaryifyouwanttodriveacar.7.Mybestfriendcametovisitlastweek,whichwasthefirsttimeIhadseenhiminyears.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是句中是句中不可缺不可缺少的组成部分少的组成部分，使先行词区别，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间之间不用逗号不用逗号隔开。隔开。引导词：引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作关系代词和关系副词，作宾宾语语时一些关系代词时一些关系代词可以省略可以省略非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是是对主句先对主句先行词的补充说明行词的补充说明，没有这种从，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整。一般句不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号用逗号把主句和从句分开。把主句和从句分开。引导词：引导词：as,who,whom,whose,which,when,where等，等，不用不用that或或why,不能省略不能省略Howhaveweddingschangedinrecentyears?LiQiang:Therewasatime1._weddingswereverytraditionalinChina,butthatchangedinthe1980s,2._someWestern-styleceremoniesbecamepopular.whenwhenFill in the blanks with proper relative words.JunHo:HereinSouthKorea,marriagesweretraditionallyarrangedbyamatchmaker,3._responsibilitywastofindtherightpartnerforyou.Ihavelotsoffriends4._parentsmetthatway,butarrangedmarriagesarentascommonnowadays.whosewhoseCassidy:InAmerica,therearentasmanytraditionalceremonies.SomepeoplegotoHawaii,5._theygetmarriedonthebeach,orthereareactuallyplacesintheStates6._acelebritylookalike,likeElvis,performsacivilceremony.wherewhereReviewgrammar.Make7moresentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.