1、We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people.interaction n.相互作用；互动；相互影响inter-前缀前缀,构成构成n./v./adj./adv.相互；相互；在之间在之间interchangeable adj.可互换的internal adj.内在的，国内的international adj.国际的interpersonal adj.人与人之间的interaction n.相互影响interval n.间隔，
2、距离interaction(with,between,among,of)C&U 交流，；相互作用、合作interact(with sb./sth.)(与)相互交流、影响interactive adj.相互作用的2.Just like spoken language,body language varies from culture to culture.vary vi 变化；不同；相异 vt 改变；使不同vary from culture/person/area to culture/person/area因文化、人、地区而异vary vi.(varies,varied,varied,vary
3、ing)WordsJust like spoken language,body language varies from culture to culture.不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言,这与口头语言相似。vary vi.vary from.to.My weight varied 50kg 70kg three years ago.fromto(根据情况)变化；改变从.到.不等The menu varies with the season.菜单随季节而变动。The students work varies considerably in quality.学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。随着随着.
4、变化变化/改变改变 在在.方面不同方面不同Stars brightness.Peoples definition of happiness will time.vary invary withThere are various/a variety of/varieties of patterns to choose from.有种类繁多的图案可供选择。various/a variety of/varieties of:He resigned for reasons.He resigned for reasons.He resigned for reasons.variousvarieties
5、of a variety of多种多样的 all kinds of adj.n.veris vrativary vi.veriThe crucial thing is using body language in a way _ is appropriate to the culture you are in.appropriate formal adj.合适的,恰当的appropriatelyadv.合适地,恰当地 thatinappropriateadj.不合适的，不恰当的 be appropriate to/for sb/sth 适合某人/某物It is appropriate(for
6、sb)to do sth.It is appropriate that sb(should)do sth.某人合适做某事Exercise:1.The movies _(适合的)all ages/young children.2.There may come a time when _ is appropriate to cut jobs.3.The government has been accused of not responding _(appropriate)to the needs of the homeless.is appropriate for/toitappropriatel
7、yby contrast 4.相比之下相比之下 by contrast is a comparison where two things are different.By contrast,Mary is much diligent than Tom.相比之下,玛丽比汤姆勤奋得多.by comparison with adv.与.比较 强调相同点,即相差不大.by contrast:相比之下相比之下;相相反反 in/by contrast with/to.:和和.相相比比contrast with 与与相比相比contrastwith 使使与与形成对比形成对比in contrast=on th
8、e contray 与此相反与此相反/比起来比起来compared to/with:和和比比1)She is slimmer by contrast with her sister.2)She almost failed the exam,but her brother,by contrast,did very well.3)China,by contrast,reacted calmly to the incidents on the border of China and India.中印边境事件中印边境事件by contrast 相比之下；相反 in contrast with/to.和
9、和形成对比，比较起形成对比，比较起来来1.She almost failed the exam,but her brother,by contrast,did very well.2.Theres a marked contrast between his character and hers.3.As for the quality,no manufacturers can be in contrast with ours.相比之下；相反相比之下；相反与与之间的差异之间的差异/对比对比能和能和相比相比approve/pruv/5.vi.赞成赞成;同意同意vt.批准批准;通过通过approve
10、 vi.赞成赞成;同意同意vt.批准批准;通过通过approve of sth 赞成，同意赞成，同意approval n.赞成；通过；同意；认可；批准赞成；通过；同意；认可；批准disapproval n.不赞成不赞成;谴责谴责give ones approval to sth.批准某人做某事批准某人做某事approving adj.赞许的；许可的赞许的；许可的名师点津名师点津英语中有很多动词加英语中有很多动词加al变为名词形式变为名词形式,常见的有常见的有:approveapprovalsurvivesurvivalarrivearrivalrefuserefusal(1)Im afraid
11、 your parents wont approve of your marrying him.恐怕你父母不会赞同你跟他结婚。恐怕你父母不会赞同你跟他结婚。(2)My son made a decision without my (approve).我儿子未经我的许可就做了决定。我儿子未经我的许可就做了决定。(3)She didnt give approval her daughter going out at night.(4)The great success won him many (approve)glances.巨大的成功为他赢得了许多赞许的目光。巨大的成功为他赢得了许多赞许的目光
12、。approvaltoapprovingdemonstrate/demnstret/6.vt.表现表现;表达表达;说明说明;证明证明 demonstrate:vt.表现表现;表表达达;说明说明;证证明明 demonstration n.证明，示范证明，示范demonstrate how to do sth.演示演示/示范如何做某事示范如何做某事 demonstrate sth.to sb.演示某事给某人看演示某事给某人看 demonstrate against sb./sth.示威反对某人示威反对某人/某事某事 1)It has been demonstrated that this drug
13、/medicine is effective.2)His theory was demonstrated to be false.3)The teacher demonstrated how we should do the experiment.团队展示了惊人的技能。The team demonstrated breathtaking skills.这药已经证明是有效的。It has been demonstrated that this medicine is effective.gesture/destr/n.手势手势;姿姿势势;姿态姿态 witness/wtns/vt.当场看到当场看到
14、;目击目击;见证见证n.目击者目击者;证证人人witness:n.目击者目击者;证证人人 vt.当场看到当场看到;目击目击;见见证证 be a witness to 目击目击/看见看见某事发生某事发生 证明证明真实真实 give witness to 证明某事，为某事作证证明某事，为某事作证 无生命名词无生命名词+see/find/witess+见证见证/目睹目睹1)The headmaster was one of the witnesses at our wedding.2)The police have appealed for witnesses to the accident/kil
15、ling.3)Anyone who witnessed the attack/accident/killing should call the police.4)She was shocked by the violent scenes she had witnessed.employ vt.使用使用;应用应用;雇用雇用考点必记考点必记(1)employ sb 雇用某人雇用某人(2)employee n.雇员雇员 employer n.雇主雇主(3)employment n.使用使用;职业职业;雇用雇用unemployment n.失业失业employ:vt.使用使用;应用应用;雇雇用用 em
16、ploy sb to do.:雇用某人做某事雇用某人做某事 employ sb as.:雇用某人当雇用某人当 be employed in doing sth =employ oneself in doing sth.从事某事从事某事;忙于做某事忙于做某事employer:n.雇主雇主;老板老板employee:n.雇员雇员;打工仔打工仔employment:n.就业就业;雇用雇用unemployment:n.失业失业;失业人失业人数数【语境应用】1)Arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as part-time employees._2)S
17、he agrees and hopes her team s findings might one day help employ the enzyme(酶)to break down plastics in landfills._3)More than 750,000 have graduated,with many seeking employment in engineering,medicine._雇用使用寻求就业辨析：辨析：hire:v.雇用雇用(短期短期、临时的、一次性的雇用、临时的、一次性的雇用/租用租用)employ:v.雇雇用用(较正式用较正式用词词,一一般指正规机构般指正规
18、机构、大大公司等聘用职员公司等聘用职员)rent:v.长时间长时间租租用用(东西东西);出出租租-房屋、土地房屋、土地fire:v.解解雇雇某人某人;开除开除;射击射击;开火开火dismiss:v.解雇解雇;开除开除1.A number of people have been employed _(deal)with the work2.It requires no training before _(employ)3.The _ (employ)of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his _ (employ)
19、enjoy their work.to dealemploymentemployeremployeeidentical/adentkl/adj.相同的相同的identical:adj.相同相同的的 be identical to/with.与与.相同相同/一样一样 identically adv.相同地相同地1)His glasses are identical to/with mine.2)This is the identica/same hotel that we stayed at last year.,3)In the new village nearly all the house
20、s are identical.4)Our views/opinions are identical.interpret/ntprt/11.vt.把把理解理解(解释解释)为为vi.vt.口译口译 interpret:vt.把把理解理解(解释解释)为为;口译口译 interpret.into.把把翻译成翻译成.interpretas 把把解释为解释为 interpreter:n.口译人员口译人员 translate:v.翻翻译译多指书面文字多指书面文字;转变转变;变成变成 translateinto 把把翻译成翻译成/变成变成 translation:n.翻译翻译;译文译文;转变转变 trans
21、lator:n.翻译家翻译家;译译者者1)Can you interpret the poem for me?2)The data can be interpreted in many different ways.3)She couldnt speak much English so her children had to interpret for her.4)I tried to interpret what she said into Russian.differ vi.不同，相异，意见不不同，相异，意见不一致一致differ from.in.与与在在方面不同方面不同differ wi
22、th sb 与与意见不一意见不一different adj.不同的不同的be different from.(in.)与与(在在方面方面)不同不同difference n.不同之处不同之处make a difference有影响；很重要有影响；很重要make no difference to.对对没影响；对没影响；对不重要不重要French and English differ _this aspect.I differ _him on the plan.Their house differs _mine in having no garage.I might not be able to c
23、hange anything all by myself but we can make a_if everybody thinks this way.inwithfrom differenceby comparison(与与)相比较相比较 by comparison 与与相比较相比较 in comparison with 与与相比相比 make a comparison 作比较作比较 comparison n.比较比较 compare v.对比；比作；相比，比得上对比；比作；相比，比得上 compare A with/to B 把把A和和B作比较作比较(常用作状语常用作状语)compare
24、A to B 将将A比作比作B(1)(2020浙江卷浙江卷)How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?By making a comparison(compare).(2)(2020全国全国卷卷)It is said that about 20%of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,compared(compare)with 16%in 1991.小话题写作小话题写作(3)与美国等发达国家相比与美国等发达国家相比,农业生产率仍很低。农业生产率仍很低。Agricultur
25、al productivity remained low in comparison with advanced countries like the United States.cheek/tik/n.面频面频;脸频脸频 favour/fevr/vt.较喜欢较喜欢;选择选择;有利于有利于n.帮助帮助;恩惠恩惠;赞同赞同Elsewhere,people favour shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or nodding the head when they meet someone else.在其他地区,与别人见面时,人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。The
26、warm climate favours many types of tropical plants.温暖的气候有利于多种热带植物生长。vt.更喜欢;favour doing sth.有利于、有助于 Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today?今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗?I would never ask a favour of her.我再也不会请她帮忙了。He argued in favour of the strike.他据理力争主张罢工。帮某人忙 do me a favour favour n.帮助；赞同请求
27、某人帮忙ask a favour of赞同；支持 in favour of favour n.帮助；恩惠；赞同；偏袒帮助；恩惠；赞同；偏袒 vt.较喜欢；较喜欢；有利于有利于in favour of 支持，赞同支持，赞同in sbs favour对某人有利对某人有利do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙帮某人一个忙ask sb.a favour/ask a favour of sb.请某人帮个忙请某人帮个忙favourable adj.给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的1.Only a small number of people
28、 supported him.Only a small number of people were him.2.I will ask Jenny for help when I m in trouble.I will of Jenny when I m in trouble.3.Could you give me a hand and carry the box?Could you and carry the box?同义句转化 in favour of ask a favour do me a favour (1)To win the respect，a teacher should not
29、 any of his pupils.要想赢得尊重，教师不要偏袒任何学生。要想赢得尊重，教师不要偏袒任何学生。(2)The man asked me to the other day.那天，那个人让我帮他一个忙。那天，那个人让我帮他一个忙。(3)Although I cant persuade you，I still think doing such things is not .虽然我无法说服你，但我仍然认为做这样的事对我们没有好处。虽然我无法说服你，但我仍然认为做这样的事对我们没有好处。(4)She made a (favour)impression on his parents.favo
30、urdo him a favour/do a favour for himin our favourfavourablebow/ba/vi.鞠躬鞠躬;点点头头v.低低(头头)n.弓弓;蝴蝶结蝴蝶结 bow ba:vi.鞠躬鞠躬;点点头头 vt.低低(头头)b:n.弓弓;蝴蝶结蝴蝶结 bow(down)to:向向鞠躬鞠躬bow from the waist 弯腰鞠躬弯腰鞠躬 bow ones head 低头低头 bow down to 向向跪跪拜，屈从于拜，屈从于 bow to 向向鞠躬，屈从于鞠躬，屈从于 take/give a bow 表演结束后表演结束后鞠躬致谢鞠躬致谢,谢幕谢幕nod n
31、d:v./n.点头点头;点头致意点头致意;打打盹盹;打瞌睡打瞌睡waist/west/n.腰腰;腰部腰部 make inferences推理推理;推断推断 break down 消除消除;分解分解;打破打破 break into 强行进强行进入；打入；打断断 break off 中断中断 break out 突发，爆发突发，爆发 break through 突破，突围突破，突围 break up 打碎，分打碎，分裂裂A.(身体或精神身体或精神)垮掉垮掉B.抛锚抛锚,坏掉坏掉C.消除消除;分解分解;打破打破(1)(2020天津卷天津卷)Jones idea has been fully real
32、izedthe“HAPPY TO CHAT”benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.C(2)Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.B(3)He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.A barrier/brir/n.隔阅隔阅;障碍障碍 barrier:n.隔阂隔
33、阂;障碍障碍 break down the barrier between.and.:消除消除和和之间的之间的障碍障碍 a barrier to success 成功的障碍成功的障碍1)A smile can break down barriers.2)Were trying to break down barriers between between young and old.3)They fell in love in spite of the language barrier.fake/fek/adj假装的假装的;假的假的;冒充的冒充的 anger:n.愤怒愤怒;怒怒气气 vt.使生气
34、使生气;激激怒怒 to ones anger:使某人气愤的是使某人气愤的是 sb.do sth.in anger 某人某人气冲冲地气冲冲地做某事做某事 angry:adj.愤怒的愤怒的;发怒的发怒的;生气生气的的 be angry with/at sb.生某人的气生某人的气 be angry over/about sth.因为某事而生气因为某事而生气 control/contain/hold back ones anger 抑制住某人的怒火抑制住某人的怒火angrily:adv.愤怒地愤怒地;生气生气地地reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠可信赖的；可靠的的unreliable adj.不
35、可靠的不可靠的rely v.信任；信赖；依赖；依靠信任；信赖；依赖；依靠rely on/upon依靠；依赖依靠；依赖rely on sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事指望某人做某事rely on it that.相信相信用用reliable的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。In summer,you cant _on the weather,which is changeable.John is very _,and you can ask him to give you a hand.The information that you got is _,so youd better fin
36、d it out.relyreliableunreliableincident/nsdnt/n.发生的事发生的事情情;严重事件严重事件;冲冲突突trial/tral/n.v.审讯审讯;审判审判;试验试验;试用试用 slight:adj.轻微的轻微的;略微的略微的;细小细小的的 a slight chance 机会渺小机会渺小 a slight fever 低烧低烧 slightly adv.略微，稍微略微，稍微 slightly better 稍微好些，略胜一筹稍微好些，略胜一筹 rain slightly/lightly:下小雨下小雨 light/heavy rain/snow:小雨小雨/雪
37、，大雨雪，大雨/大雪大雪 rain hard/heavily/cats and dogs:下大雨下大雨 snow hard/heavily:下大雪下大雪 snow slightly/lightly:下小雪下小雪twin/twn/adj.双胞胎之双胞胎之一的一的;孪生之一孪生之一的的n.生之一生之一;双双胞胎之一胞胎之一 nonverbal/nnvbl/adj.不涉及言语的不涉及言语的;非言语的非言语的assessment n.评价;评定 The technique is being tried in classrooms to assess what effects it may have.这
38、项技术正在教室里试用,以评估它可能产生的影响。Many of the adults were assessed as having learning difficulties.许多成年人被评估为有学习困难。1.Most schools nowadays prefer to use continuous _(assess),because it gives a fairer picture of how the student has done during the whole year.2.It is difficult _(assess)exactly how much damage was
39、 caused.3.They assessed the car _$50,000assessmentto assessatassess at 估价为估价为.internal adj.内部的内部的;里面的里面的internal:adj.内部的内部的;里面里面的的 (指身指身体、公司体、公司、组、组织、国家等内织、国家等内部的部的,也也可指内心可指内心的的,通常作通常作定语定语)the internal relations of things事物内在的联系事物内在的联系 external adj.外部的，外面的外部的，外面的 inner:adj.内部的内部的;靠近中心的靠近中心的;内心的内心的 (
40、指某物内部或靠近其中心位置的指某物内部或靠近其中心位置的,也可指想法、情也可指想法、情感感等藏等藏于内心于内心之中之中而而未未 表表达达出来的出来的,只只作定语作定语)inside:adj.内部的内部的;里面的里面的 (指在某物内部的指在某物内部的,只只作定作定语语)1)The medicine/drug is not for internal use.2)We do not want to comment on the internal affairs of another country.straighten up 直起来直起来;整理整理;收收拾整齐拾整齐 straighten up:直起
41、来直起来;整理整理;收拾整齐收拾整齐 v.变直变直;变正变正;挺挺直直;端正端正(身体身体)straighten out 解决解决问题问题，整顿，整顿混乱情况混乱情况，使改好，使变好使改好，使变好straight:adj.直直(接接)的的;平平直直;整齐的整齐的 adv.笔直地笔直地;直接地直接地put away:收拾好收拾好;保管保管好好1)Straighten up slowly,and then repeat the exercise twice.2)Straighten up your bedrooms after school.3)We hurried to straighten u
42、p the classroom before they arrived.slump/slmp/垂头弯腰地走垂头弯腰地走(或坐等或坐等)pose/pz/n.故作姿态故作姿态;(为画像、为画像、拍照等摆的拍照等摆的)姿势姿势vi.摆好姿势摆好姿势vt.造成造成(威威胁、问题等胁、问题等)pose:n.故故作姿态作姿态;(为画像、拍照等摆的为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势姿势 v.摆好姿势摆好姿势;造成造成(威胁、问题等威胁、问题等)strike/adopt a pose:摆姿势摆姿势 stop posing 别装了别装了 pose as 假装假装,冒充冒充 pose a threat/challenge/
43、danger/risk:构成威胁构成威胁/挑战挑战/危险危险/风险风险1)He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera.2)She knows how to strike a beautiful pose.3)He sat in a relaxed pose.4)She posed for a photo with a friend.5)Drugs pose a major threat to our society.bend/bend/vt.v.(bent,bent)(使使)弯曲弯曲;倾斜倾斜;偏向偏向 bend(bent,bent):vt./v.(使使)
44、弯曲弯曲;倾斜倾斜;偏偏向向 bend ones head 低下头低下头 bend ones knees 屈膝屈膝 bend from the waist 弯腰鞠躬弯腰鞠躬 bend the truth 扭曲事实扭曲事实 bend ones mind/efforts to sth.集中注意力于集中注意力于1)She bent forward to pick up the newspaper.2)He bent(his head)and kissed his girlfriend.3)The branch bent but didnt break.4)The road bends sharply
45、 to the left.reveal:vt.揭示揭示;显示显示;露露出出 reveal sth.to sb.向某人透露某事向某人透露某事 it is revealed that 据透露据透露1)She laughed,revealing her white teeth.2)He will never reveal his friends secrets.3)Details of the murder were revealed by a local newspaper.4)Blood tests reveal that the old woman is in good health.clar
46、ify/klrfa/vt.使更清晰易懂使更清晰易懂;阐明阐明;澄清澄清in other words换句话说换句话说;也就是说也就是说 clarify:vt.使更清晰易懂使更清晰易懂;阐明阐明;澄澄清清 clarify ones position 阐明某人的立场阐明某人的立场 clarification n.阐明阐明,澄清澄清 1)We asked him to clarify what he meant.2)She came to clarify the situation to you.in other words换句话说;也就是说 In a word,practice is far mor
47、e important than book knowledge.一句话,实践远比书本知识重要。He promised that he would keep his word,and so he did.他向我保证会信守诺言,他做到了。educator n.教育工作者，教师，教育学家，教育家educate vt.教育，教导，训练educated adj.受过教育的，有教养的education n.（在学校的）学习，受教育；受到的教育educational adj.起教育作用的；有教育意义的；e.g.1.being educated in a famous university is what m
48、ost students wish for在著名大学里读书是大多数学生所期望的。2.Ive never been formally educated.我从未受过正规教育。3.Ruths parents decided to educate her to study hard intensively at home.露丝的父母决定在家里对她进行集中教育要努力学习。4.Language difficulties can affect educational attainments.语言障碍会影响学习成效tickn.嘀嗒声；一瞬间；一会儿；小记号；对钩vi.嘀嗒作响；发出嘀嗒声；打钩；vt.用嘀嗒声
49、报出；给做标记；给打钩；what makes sb tick使（某人）做使（某人）做的原因的原因 If you agree,put a tick in the box marked yes.如果你同意，就在标有“是”的方框里打钩。If you know what makes him tick,you understand why he left school.tick:vt.给给(试卷、问题等试卷、问题等)打钩号打钩号 vi.(钟表钟表)发出嘀嗒声发出嘀嗒声 n.钩号钩号 make sb/sth tick:使某人使某人/某物这样做的原因某物这样做的原因lower/l/vt.把把放低放低;降低降
50、低;减少减少adj下面下面的的;下方的下方的;较小的较小的 As a female financial journalist,I think Im naturally drawn to any new developments or events that signal women are closing the financial gap with men.Indeed,due to physiological and psychological features,women in general have a stronger tendency to avoid losses and ar
