1、Discoving Useful Structures Unit 3 Food and Culture Leading-inLook at the two pairs of sentences.The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published.Underline the predica
2、te verbs.Circle the conjunctions.后后先先时态：过去完成时过去完成时语态：主动结构：had done先先时态：一般过去时语态：被动结构：was/were done后后时态：过去完成时过去完成时语态：被动结构：had been done时态：一般过去时语态：被动结构：was/were done They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.时态：一般过去时语态：主动结构：did
3、动作：后发生时态：过去完成时过去完成时语态：被动结构：had been done动作：先发生时态：一般过去时语态：主动结构：did动作：后发生Try to analyse the sentences below.时态：过去完成时过去完成时语态：主动结构：had done动作：先发生 When my family and I had just arrived in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no ide
4、a how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.Can you find more sentences using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice from this unit?A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend,and finally,we found it.Prior to coming t
5、o China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.Summary过去完成时及过去完成时的被动语态The past perfect tenseThe past perfect passive voice 一、什么是过去完成时？表示过去某一时间或动作之前发生的动作或状态，以及对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果。例：1.By nine oclock last night,we had got 20
6、0 pictures from the spaceship.2.All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived.二、过去完成时的构成基本结构：had动词过去分词(1)肯定句：主语had动词过去分词其他。(2)否定句：主语hadnot动词过去分词其他。He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本周早些时候他去过纽约。At that time we hadnt met her.那时我们还没有见到她。(3)疑问句：Had主语动词过去分词其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语had.否定回答：N
7、o，主语hadnt.Had you visited here before?Yes,I had./No,I hadnt.(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组had主语 过去分词其他？Where had you been before you came here?(5)被动语态：主语had(not)been动词过去分词 其他。By the end of last year all the preparatory work had been done.三、基本用法1.表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。After he had finished his homework,he
8、 went to bed.2.表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另 一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时 间状语连用。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.3叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事 情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常 使用过去完成时。Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.4.在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的 事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。I returned th
9、e book that I had borrowed.5.过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这 时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。He said that he had known her well.I thought I had sent the letter a week before.6.状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导 的复合句。When I woke up
10、,it had already stopped raining.She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work.注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例:We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.I had meant to take a good holiday this year,but I was not able to leave.
11、7动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend 等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希 望、打算或意图等。四、过去完成时的标志词和句型by+过去时间点，before,until,hardly/scarely.when.;no sooner.than;It was the first/second time that.五、过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“hadbeen过去分词”构成。过去完成时的被动语态有以下几种形式：(1)肯定结构：主语had
12、 been done其他成分。(2)否定结构：主语had not been done其他成分。(3)疑问句结构：had主语been done其他成分？疑问词had主语been done其他成分？六、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别时态结构用法一般过去时主动：did/was/were动作发生在过去的某个时间被动：was/were done过去完成时主动：had done动作发生在过去的某个时间、动作之前被动：had been done七、过去完成时被动语态与现在完成时被动语 态用法区别：现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。C
13、omplete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice.Practicearrive cancel eat finish get taste tell1.Carol:_ you ever _ any Scottish food before your trip to St Andrews last year?Paul:No,not really.But I _ about
14、haggis many times before we went there.Carol:Oh Did you try it?Paul:Oh,yes!You know what?We _ late for supper that day,and so we justHadtastedhad been toldarrivedarrive cancel eat finish get taste tell ate whatever was left in the university canteen.We _ our meal before we _ learnt we just _ haggis!
15、Carol:My goodness!Paul:Well,it was not bad.I have to say 2.Carol:When I got to the teahouse yesterday,I found nobody there._it _?Paul:Oh,Im so sorry that I forgot to tell you!The get-together was cancelled yesterday morning because Sally,the hostess,_ into a car accident.Carol:Oh,Im sorry to hear th
16、at.Hope Sally recovers soon!had finishedhadeatenHadbeen cancelledhad got.单句语法填空。1.The interviewer was interested in the grades I _(get)in the exams.2.By the time we got a report,the firemen _ (put)out the fire in the bar already.3.She _(want)to help you but she had no time then.4.All the film ticket
17、s _(sell)out when I got to the cinema.5.The wallet _(wrap)up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost.6.It was the third time that he _(make)the same mistake.had got had puthad wantedhad been soldhad been wrappedhad made.完成句子1她告诉我她当空中乘务员好几年了。2.她说她已来过上海。3.我们到日本前学过一点日语。4.我不想看那部戏剧，因为我已经
18、看过了。She told me that she had been an air hostess for quite a few years.She said that she had been to Shanghai.We had studied a little Japanese before we came to Japan.I didnt want to see the play because I had already seen itWork in pairs.Choose one of these three situations,and make as many sentenc
19、es as you can using the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice.Then make a conversation using these sentences.ProductionEXAMPLE1.When I set off for the cafeteria.I had just finished my homework.I had ordered a taxi online.the windows had been closed.the light had been switched off.Sam
20、ple ConversationA:So,how did the insect party go?B:Oh,it was horrible!A:Why?What happened?B:Well,by the time I got there,the insects had all escaped and they had scattered everywhere in the room!A:Oh,no!So what did you do?B:We chased the insects down and before long they had all been collected in a
21、bottle.A:Then you cooked them?B:Yes,before long,they had been fried up for eating.But then we had another a big problem.Sample ConversationA:What?B:Well,after we had rounded up all the insects,we were al so tired and disgusted with handling them that no one wanted to eat them.A:So much for the insect party!B:But it had a happy ending.We ordered out for pizza and then sat down and watched a cool movie on the computer.A:Sounds great!
