1、1/45Chapter 1 Amino Acids to Proteins1.1 Protein Composition1.2 Protein Conformations1.3 Protein Structure and Function:A Few Examples1.4 The Dynamics of Proteins1.5 Experiments1.1 蛋白质的组成蛋白质的组成1.2 蛋白质的构象蛋白质的构象1.3 蛋白质的结构与蛋白质的结构与 功能：几个例子功能：几个例子1.4 蛋白质动力学蛋白质动力学1.5 实验研究实验研究2/45Chapter 1 Amino Acids to P
2、roteins第第1章章 氨基酸到蛋白质氨基酸到蛋白质Life is most directly the work of proteins.Proteins allow organisms to grow and reproduce.They provide shape,strength and movement.In the cell,proteins are everywhere and do almost everything.生命几乎就是蛋白质生命几乎就是蛋白质的杰作。蛋白质让生的杰作。蛋白质让生物可以生长和繁殖。物可以生长和繁殖。它们为生物提供了外它们为生物提供了外形和力量，以及运动
3、形和力量，以及运动功能。功能。在细胞中，蛋白质无在细胞中，蛋白质无处不在，行使着几乎处不在，行使着几乎任何功能。任何功能。3/451.1 Protein Composition/蛋白质的组成蛋白质的组成4/459623The twenty amino acids and their abbreviation5/45Structures of hydrophobic amino acids6/45Structures of the hydrophilic amino acids7/45Structures of the 20 common amino acidsNegative chargePo
4、sitive charge8/45The formation of a peptide bond9/45Partial double bond /部分双键部分双键Partial double bond10/45Rigid and flexible bonds3D structure11/45N-terminus and C-terminus /N-末端和末端和C-末端末端12/451.2 Protein Conformations/1.2 蛋白质的构象蛋白质的构象1.2.1 Describing Protein Structure1.2.2 Chemical and Physical Basi
5、s for Protein Folding1.2.1 描述蛋白质描述蛋白质 的结构的结构1.2.2 蛋白质折叠的蛋白质折叠的 化学和物理基础化学和物理基础13/451.2.1 Describing Protein Structure14/45 helix /螺旋螺旋Hydrogen bond15/45 sheet /折叠折叠Hydrogen bond16/45Parallel and antiparallel sheets17/45Tertiary structure /三级结构三级结构helix sheetTurn18/45Quaternary structure /四级结构四级结构One
6、subunit19/45Physical interactions involved in protein folding1)Covalent bonding2)Hydrogen bonding3)Ionic bonding4)Van der Waals forces5)Hydrophobic interaction1.2.2 Chemical and Physical Basis for Protein Folding20/451)Covalent bond /共价键共价键SharedelectronsHHH+1H+1+1+1Covalent bond21/45Covalent bond /
7、共价键共价键Covalent bond22/45Covalent bond /共价键共价键Covalent bond23/452)Hydrogen bond /氢键氢键Hydrogen bond24/45Hydrogen bond /氢键氢键Hydrogen bond25/453)Ionic bond /离子键离子键The ionic bond of sodium chloride,NaClNa+11Cl+1726/45Partial charges vs.Full chargesCl+Na27/45Ionic bond /离子键离子键GluLys28/454)Van der Waals fo
8、rces /范德华力范德华力Atom 1Atom 2van der Waals force29/455)Hydrophobic interaction?30/45Nonpolar molecules are forced togetherWater molecules get contacts with each other.31/45Hydrophobic interaction /疏水相互作用疏水相互作用32/451.3 Protein Structure and Functioncarbonic anhydraseStructure adaptive to function33/45Ki
9、nesin /驱动蛋白驱动蛋白34/451.4 The Dynamics of Proteins35/45Induced-fit vs.lock-and-key models36/45ATP synthetase/ATP合成酶合成酶37/45Allosteric regulation/别构调节别构调节38/45lac repressor /lac阻遏蛋白阻遏蛋白39/451.5 Experiments/1.5 实验研究实验研究dialyse dialysis Primary structureSecondary structureTertiary structureQuaternary structure
