1、选择性必修第二册UNIT 1SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS英英 语语2022高考总复习高考总复习GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JIGAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI内容索引核心考点 课堂突破随堂巩固 迁移运用核心考点核心考点 课堂突破课堂突破1.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的相互矛盾的;对立的对立的;不一致的不一致的教材原句 In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera sp
2、read.(P2)总的来说,对于霍乱的传播途径,那时候的医生有两种对立的理论。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空(1)The witnesses gave two completely contradictory(contradict)descriptions.小话题写作(2)跟维生素有关的新研究和声明每天都公布出来,而且很多都自相矛盾。New studies and claims about vitamins are published daily,and many seem to contradict each other.考点必记(1)self-contradictory 自相矛盾的cont
3、radictory information矛盾信息(2)contradict vt.反驳contradict oneself 自相矛盾contradict each other 互相矛盾contradict sb反驳某人2.infection n.感染感染;传染传染教材原句Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.(P2)另一种理论是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空(1)There is a virus that infects(infect)
4、word-processing documents recently.(2)The open wound soon became infected(infect).小话题写作(3)这种病毒在短短几天内感染了数千台计算机。This virus infected thousands of computers within days.(4)她那快乐的情绪和笑声感染了全班。Her cheerful spirits and laughter infect(ed)the whole class.考点必记(1)prevent infection 防止感染skin infection皮肤感染(2)infect
5、 vt.传染;感染infected adj.感染的be infected with 被感染(3)infectious adj.传染性的infectious laughter富有感染力的笑声a highly infectious disease 传染性极高的疾病3.subscribe vi.认购认购(股份股份);定期订购定期订购;定期交纳定期交纳(会费会费);赞同赞同教材原句Snow subscribed to the second theory.(P2)斯诺赞同第二个观点。语境巧练单句语法填空(1)Most scientists subscribe to the view that the e
6、arth is becoming warmer because of human activities.小话题写作(2)我们已经订阅了一份晚报。We have subscribed to an evening newspaper.(3)每个雇员可以认购价值不超过2 000美元的股票。Each employee may subscribe for up to$2,000 worth of shares.考点必记(1)subscribe to an animal protection society 向一个动物保护协会捐款subscribe to a magazine订阅一本杂志subscribe
7、 to 同意;赞同subscribe for认购(股份)(2)subscriber n.订阅者;订户4.suspect vt.&vi.怀疑怀疑;疑有疑有;不信任不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象可疑对象教材原句Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(P2)斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空(1)(2020新高考全国卷)In Samarkand,Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders,while on his way to Bukhara he gets a ta
8、ste of police methods when suspected(suspect)of drug dealing.(2)The drug is suspected(suspect)of causing over 200 deaths.(3)Suspecting(suspect)nothing,he walked right into the trap.小话题写作(4)从他不正常的行为来评判,我怀疑他是个小偷。Judging from his abnormal behaviour,I suspected him to be a thief.考点必记(1)suspect danger 疑心
9、有危险suspect ones motives 怀疑某人的动机suspect a plot 怀疑有阴谋suspect sb of doing sth怀疑某人做过某事suspect sb/sth to be.怀疑某人/某物是(2)a murder suspect 杀人犯罪嫌疑人the prime suspect 首要嫌疑人5.blame vt.把把归咎于归咎于;责怪责怪;指责指责n.责备责备;指责指责教材原句Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(P2)斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。语境巧练单句语法填空(1)What a mess!You ar
10、e always so lazy!Im not to blame(blame),Mum.I am what you have made me.(2)Joe is proud and stubborn,never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame(blame).(3)The teacher didnt know who is to blame for the broken window.(4)Many children were blamed(blame)for making mistakes i
11、n the exam.小话题写作(5)许多人发现早上起床很难,并把责任推到闹钟上。Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.考点必记be to blame(for sth)该(为)受责备,应该(为)负责blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人blame sb for sth/doing sth因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事be blamed for因受谴责/责备accept/bear/take the blame for sth 对某事负责任pu
12、t the blame on sth 把责任归咎于名师点津be to blame意为“该受谴责,该受责备”,用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。6.handle n.把手把手;拉手拉手;柄柄vt.处理处理;搬动搬动;操纵操纵(车辆、动物、工具等车辆、动物、工具等)教材原句Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(P2)相应地,他让人把水泵的把手去掉,这样它就不能用了。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空(1)As nobody here knows what is wrong with
13、the machine,we must send for an engineer to handle(handle)the problem.小话题写作(2)然后,先处理最重要的任务,这样你会感到真正的成就感。Then,handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of achievement.(3)我们都得学会调节压力。We all have to learn to handle pressure.(4)他转动把手,打开了门。He turned the handle and opened the door.考点
14、必记(1)handle a machine操纵机器handle a problem处理问题handle the paperwork处理文书工作handle the data处理数据handle a case处理一个案件handle the crisis处理危机handle a complaint处理投诉(2)the handle of the door 门把手get a handle on sth 开始了解/掌握某事7.link n.联系联系;纽带纽带vt.把把连接起来连接起来;相关联相关联教材原句Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link betw
15、een other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.(P3)而且,后来斯诺能够表明,其他霍乱的病例和伦敦不同的自来水公司有关。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空(1)The two cities are linked(link)by a railway.(2)The policemen are looking for people linked(link)to the accident which happened last night.小话题写作(3)这些摄像机与一台功能强大的计算机相连接。The vide
16、o cameras are linked to a powerful computer.(4)英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家连接起来。The Channel Tunnel links Britain with the rest of Europe.考点必记(1)a link of friendship友谊的纽带a link between drinking and liver trouble喝酒与肝病的关系(2)be linked by.用连接link.with.把和连接起来be linked to与有联系;与有关联link.to.把和联系起来名师点津be related to与有联系,与
17、有关系relate.to.把和联系起来be connected with与有关系;与有亲戚关系connect.with.把和连接起来8.decrease n.减少减少;降低降低;减少量减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等使大小、数量等)减少减少;减小减小;降低降低教材原句Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.(P3)通过斯诺孜孜不倦的努力,自来水公司
18、开始销售干净的水,全世界范围内的霍乱威胁有了很大的下降。语境巧练单句语法填空(1)Water can transform a desert into a garden.(2)Transformed(transform)into a frog by the witch,the prince was driven out of the castle.(3)As is known to all,water can be transformed(transform)into power.(4)In recent years,the movie industry has undergone a subs
19、tantial transformation(transform).考点必记(1)transform.into.把变成transform into变成(2)transformation n.改变;转换名师点津trans表示“从一到另一”,如translate,transplant,transfusion,transport等。9.break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始突然开始;爆发爆发教材原句However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch
20、 his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(P7)然而,在1932年淞沪会战爆发后,钱做出了把专业改为航空制造业的决定,因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护并且保卫这个国家。语境巧练选短语填空(1)The meeting didnt break up until noon.(2)A big fire broke out in the town last night.(3)Dont break
21、 in while others are speaking.break out,break off,break through,break in,break into,break down,break up(4)After ten years of hard work,his health is breakingdown.(5)We hope to break through soon in the fight against AIDS.(6)There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house.(7)
22、The two countries broke off diplomatic relations because of war.考点必记break down(机器)损坏;破坏;(身体/精神)垮下来;感情失去控制break up拆散,分开;驱散,解散;分手break in强行闯入,侵入;插话break into闯入,侵入;突然发出/做出break off折断;中断;停止说话;(工作中)稍作休息break through突破10.defend vt.保卫保卫;防守防守;辩解辩解教材原句However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian ma
23、de the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(P7)然而,在1932年淞沪会战爆发后,钱做出了把专业改为航空制造业的决定,因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护并且保卫这个国家。语境巧练单句语法填空(1)They didnt give him a chance to defend(defend)himself.(2)The wall was bu
24、ilt as a defense(defend)against the enemy attacks.(3)Exercise can defend people against illness.小话题写作(4)我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练,能够对付持刀袭击。All our policemen are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.(5)我得为她说句话,她对此事一无所知。I have to say in defense of her that she knew nothing about it.考点必记(1)defend.a
25、gainst.保护免受defend sb 为某人辩护defend oneself为自己辩解defend a place 保卫一个地方defend a child 保护孩子defend ones conduct 为某人的行为辩解defend the country 保卫国家defend the national interest 保护民族利益(2)defense n.防御;防卫in defense of保卫;为辩护the Department of Defense国防部as a defense against作为针对的防御手段11.in charge of 主管主管;掌管掌管教材原句He rec
26、eived a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme.(P8)他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎,不仅被任命负责发展中国的火箭事业还有它的太空导弹项目。语境巧练单句语法填空(1)They left me in charge of the children for a week.(2)I am leaving the school in your charge.
27、(3)How much did they charge for the repairs?句式升级He is in charge of the newspapers advertisement section.(4)The newspapers advertisement section is in the charge of him.(5)The newspapers advertisement section is in his charge.考点必记in charge 负责;掌管in the charge of sb/in ones charge 由负责take charge of 负责;
28、掌管charge sb some money for sth因为某事向某人收费free of charge免费charge sb with doing sth 指控某人做某事12.not only.but also.不仅不仅而且而且教材原句He received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme.(P8)他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎,不仅被任命负
29、责发展中国的火箭事业还有它的太空导弹项目。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空(1)Not only Tom but also his parents were(be)invited the other day.(2)Not only his parents but also Tom was(be)invited the other day.小话题写作(3)电脑应用于教学中。结果不仅节省了老师的精力,学生们也对课堂更感兴趣。The computer is used in teaching.As a result,not only is teachers energy saved,but studen
30、ts become more interested in the lessons.考点必记“not only.but also.”连接并列成分,当连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式采用“就近一致”原则。名师点津not only放在句首,后接句子时要用倒装结构,但but(also)后的句子不倒装。13.above all 最重要的是最重要的是;尤其是尤其是教材原句Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.(P9)最重要的是,霍金愿意承认自己的过失。语境巧练选短语填空(1)There were twelve of us in all
31、 for dinner.(2)To be great,you must be smart,confident,and,above all honest.(3)Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report,but he went after all.(4)To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their strengths and weaknesses.in all,after al
32、l,above all,first of all 考点必记in all总共,共计after all终究;毕竟(not)at all根本(不)above all尤其,最重要的是first of all首先(强调次序)语境串记You shouldnt have scolded the boy at all.He is a child after all.Above all,he made only two mistakes in all.你根本不该责备那个男孩。他毕竟还是个孩子。最重要的是,他总共才出了两处错。随堂巩固随堂巩固 迁移运用迁移运用.单句语法填空1.We are faced with
33、two apparently contradictory(contradict)statements.2.The vaccine was used to protect the whole population against infection(infect).3.The authorities no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.4.I think Tom,rather than you is to blame(blame)for the matter.5.Pilch
34、er was suspected(suspect)of giving away government secrets to the enemy.6.Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints were handled(handle).7.Despite the intervention(intervene)of the international community,the two countries were unable to settle their differences.8.To decrease(decre
35、ase)the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment,more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.9.(2020天津卷)Thanks to the Silence Machine,a British invention,you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents.10.(2020江苏卷)The health security systems of many count
36、ries are undergoing considerable transformation(transform).选词或短语填空As we all know,cholera is a 1.severe disease which once 2.cast a shadow over people all over the world every time it 3.broke out.At first,people 4.suspected it was due to bad air.5.Thanks to John Snow,the truth was found out that the
37、polluted water was 6.to blame.Since the cause was known,cholera was defeated 7.once and for all.severe,break out,blame,suspect,cast a shadow,thanks to,once and for all.微语境写作请根据下面提示,写一篇短文介绍霍金。词数80左右。1.斯蒂芬霍金是物理学界最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。(gifted)2.当他指出霍伊尔教授的错误并证明大爆炸理论是正确的时,他就出名了。(well-known,big bang theory)3.后来他
38、得了一种病,不能动弹,他的世界成了一个抽象的思想世界。(come down with,abstract)4.然而,智慧、勇敢和决心使他成为天才,同时也是与疾病抗争的战士。(genius,fight against)Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.He became well-known when he pointed out the professor Hoyles mistake and proved the big bang theory was true.Later he came down with a disease,unable to move and his world became one of abstract thought.However,intelligence,bravery and determination made him a genius as well as a soldier fighting against his disease.
