1、动词,动词-三单形式,动词第三人称单数 在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es,动词第三人称单数变化有以下形式: 1.一般动词在词尾直接加-s,-s在清辅音之后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/z/,ds读/dz/,ts读/ts/。如:help-helps/helps/,get-gets/gets/,read-reads/ri:dz/ 2.以字母x、s、ch、sh或少数以o结尾的词加-es,es读/iz/。如:teach-teaches/ti:t iz/, wash-washes/wiz/,3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i加es,
2、-ies读/iz/。如:carry-carries/kriz/,fly-flies/flaiz/ 注:在play-plays/pleiz/,say-says/sez/中,字母y前为元音字母,第三人称单数直接在y后加s即可。 4.以不发音e结尾的,直接加s,如果尾音是/s/或/z/,加s后字母“e”与“s”一起读作/iz/ 5.特殊词例外。如:be-is/iz/,have-has/hz/,动词-现在分词-ing形式,动词现在分词形式变化规则 1.一般情况在动词原形后直接加-ing。如:go-going,stand-standing 2.以不发音e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing。如:dance-d
3、ancing,ride-riding,3.以重读闭音节结尾的,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing。如:swim-swimming,run-running,get-getting 4.少数几个以ie结尾的词,须将ie变为y再加ing。如:die-dying,lie-lying,动词-过去式,动词过去式的变化规则 1.一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed ,如:worked,played,wanted,acted 2.以不发音的e结尾的动词,动词词尾加-d,如:lived, moved,decided,declined,hoped,judged,3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变
4、为i再加ed,如: studied,tried,copied,cried,carried 4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stopped,begged,dropped, planned,5.不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。 go-went,make-made,get-got,buy-bought,come-came, fly-flew,is/am-was,are-were,see-saw,bring-brought, do-did,teach-taught, think-thought, say-said,sit-sat, read-re
5、ad,spend-spent,eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat, tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found, hear-heard,know-knew,put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam, sweep-swept,sing-sang,draw-drew,不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法: 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:putput, letlet, cutcut, beatbeat 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:buildbuilt, lendlent, sendsent, spendspent 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:meanmeant, burnburnt, learnlearnt,以ow/aw结尾的词,把ow/aw变成ew。如:blowblew, drawdrew, knowknew, growgrew 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keepkept, sleepslept, feelfelt, smellsmelt 含有元音字母o/i的词,将o/i变成a。如:singsang, givegave, sitsat, drinkdrank,Goodbye!,