1、Section BUsing language 核心词汇 词汇一devote v.致力，献身，倾注 教材原句 Now，she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.现在，她是一名致力于海洋保护的模特和行为艺术家。要点必记（1）devote oneself to=be devoted to 献身于，致力于 devote ones life/time/energy/attention to 把某人的生命/时间/精力/注意力奉献于 （2）be devoted to sb.深爱某人be devoted to（do
2、ing）sth.致力于（做）某事 单词积累 devoted adj.挚爱的；忠实的；致力于的devotion n.挚爱；奉献题组练领悟方法 单句语法填空（1）Qian Xuesen devoted himself entirely science.（2）As we all know，he is a generous，（devote），reliable and warm-hearted friend.（3）Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to （set）up some schools for poor children.（4）A gre
3、at person is someone who devotes his/her life to （help）others.（5）Fans will show their （devote）by waiting for hours to get tickets for their favourite singers concert.单句写作（6）You will never achieve success unless you （致力于）your work.（7）He was determined to _ _ _ _ _ _ _（将自己的余生献给）folk music.todevotedset
4、tinghelpingdevotionare devoted todevote the rest of his life todevote yourself to 词汇二 presentation n.报告，（观点的）陈述，说明；表演；展示；颁发 教材原句.Hannah travels the world giving presentations and talks.汉娜周游世界作报告和演讲 要点必记（1）make/give a short presentation 作一个简短介绍 the presentation ceremony 颁奖仪式（2）at present 目前，现在 be pre
5、sent at the meeting 出席会议 present sb.with sth.赠予某人某物 单词积累 present vt.提出；出现；介绍；赠送 adj.目前的；现在的；出席的 n.现在；礼物 误区警示 present adj.现在的，当前的（前置定语）present adj.出席的，到场的（后置定语）the present government leaders 现任政府领导人 the government leaders present 在场的政府领导人 单句语法填空（1）The （present）of prizes began after the speeches.（2）Th
6、e Mayor will make the （present）herself.（3）The Mayor will personally present the gold medal the winning athletes at the sports meeting.写出下列句中present 的含义（4）There were twenty people in all present at the meeting._（5）I will buy a present for my mothers birthday._（6）My present job is to take care of the
7、old in a nursery home._（7）All of them try to use the power of the workstation to present information in a more effective way._（8）The headmaster presented her with a gold medal._ presentationpresentationto出席的，到场的礼物目前的，现在的呈现颁发 词汇三 reserve（1）n.（野生生物）保护区；储藏（量）（2）vt.预订；预留；保留 教材原句 Hello from Sanjiangyuan
8、National Nature Reserve（SNNR）.你好，这里是三江源国家自然保护区。要点必记（1）in reserve 储备，备用 keep some money in reserve 存钱备用 a nature reserve 自然保护区 a wildlife reserve 野生动植物保护区（2）reserve sth.for sb./sth.为预订/保留某物 reserve ones judgement/opinion（on sth.）保留某人（对某事）的看法 单句语法填空（1）A double room with a balcony has been reserved him
9、.（2）“Its such a nice place.”Mother said as she sat at the table （reserve）for customers.单句写作（3）Keep a few pounds （备用）to cover unexpected costs.（4）Id prefer to （保留我的看法）until I find all the evidence.（5）These seats （为 保留）special guests.forreservedin reservereserve my judgementare reserved for 词汇四 establ
10、ish v.建立，设立 教材原句 Well，SNNR was established in 2000.嗯，三江源国家自然保护区建立于2000 年 要点必记 establish a city/an empire 建立一座城市/建立一个帝国 establish funds 设立基金 establish relations/links/contact（with sb.）（与）建立联系 establish whether/if.确定是否 词语辨析 establish，set up 与open （1）establish 与 set up 均表示“建立，设立（公司、机构）”，set up 不如 estab
11、lish 正式，是日常英语中的常用短语。（2）open 开设，开办（向公众提供服务的 企业，如商店、餐馆、酒店等）。单句语法填空（1）He （establish）a new research centre in Hefei last year.（2）Our goal is （establish）a new research centre in the North.单句写作 （3）I wondered why he should bother to try and （和取得联系）me.（4）Our goal is to （成立分部）in Zhengzhou.（5）I was never able
12、 to （确定是否）she was telling the truth.（6）It will be essential to （搞清楚如何）the money is being spent.establish contact with establishedto establishestablish a new branchestablish whether/ifestablish how 词汇五 damage v.&n.破损，损害，损伤 教材原句 In recent years，we have seen large areas of wetland that were damaged by
13、human activity.近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。要点必记 do/cause damage to.对造成损害 cause serious damage to the environment 对环境造成严重的破坏 damage ones health 损害健康 词语辨析 damage，destroy 与ruin damage 部分性“破坏”“损坏”，一般还可修复。destroy 彻底地“破坏”“毁坏”，一般不能或很难再修复。ruin 严重地“毁坏”，侧重于破坏事物的内在价值。单句写作（1）The old farmer was very upset because the st
14、rong winds _ _ _ _（给带来很大损害）his wheat.（2）Smoking can _ _ _（损害你的健康）.辨析填空（damage/ruin/destroy）（3）You have my bike；youd better get it repaired.（4）My car was in an accident，and I have to buy a new one.（5）To our disappointment，the bad weather our trip.（6）The accident caused some to my car，but its nothing
15、serious.caused great damagetodamage your healthdamageddestroyedruineddamage 词汇六 flood（1）n.洪水，水灾；大量 （2）v.淹没；泛滥；（感觉或回忆）涌上心头 教材原句 Weve also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes，which affect the water supply downstream.我们还看到了由这些变化引起的干旱和洪水，这些变化影响了下游的供水。要点必记 （1）cause floods引发水灾 a flood of 大量的
16、be in flood（河水）上涨，泛滥flood water 洪水 in floods of tears 泪如雨下the flooded areas 水灾地区（2）be flooded with大量收到 flood in 大量涌入（不及物）flood into 大量涌入（及物）flood back（感觉或回忆）涌上心头，突然涌现 单句语法填空（1）Telephone calls came flooding from the local inhabitants.（2）When I saw the photos，memories of my time in Paris （flood）back.（
17、3）Large quantities of food are needed in the （flood）areas now.单句写作（4）The charity received （大量的）thankful telegrams and letters.（5）Requests for information （涌入）after the advertisement.（6）Seeing what the homeless were experiencing，memories of her childhood came _ _（涌上心头）.infloodedfloodeda flood offlood
18、ed infloodingback 词汇七 affect v.影响；使感染；感动 要点必记（1）affect our lives 影响我们的生活 the areas affected by the hurricane 受飓风影响的地区 be deeply affected by 被深深打动（2）have a great effect on 对有重大影响 in effect 在实施中，有效take effect 生效，起作用 单词积累 effect n.影响，效果，作用 effective adj.有效的，生效的greenhouse effect 温室效应 词语辨析affect，effect 与
19、 influence affect vt.指一时的影响，强调影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响，也可指不良影响。effect n.某种行为产生某种特殊的后果。influence n.&vt.表示“影响”，主要指对其他人的行为、性格、观点等产生潜移默化的影响。单句语法填空（1）Babies health is much more likely （affect）if either parent smokes.（2）The tornado（龙卷风）happened in 1925，（affect）three US states.（3）With the governments aid（援助），those
20、（affect）by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.（4）Too much smoking and drinking affected him greatly，which meant bad living habits had an effect his health.（5）（affect）by the rise of house prices，people in big cities live under great pressure.to be affectedaffectingaffectedonAffected 辨析填
21、空（affect/effect/influence）（6）Alcohol can your attention and it also has a bad on your liver.（7）The change in climate may your health.（8）We became the best friends and he me deeply.（9）The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose lives were .affect effectaffectinfluencedaff
22、ected 词汇八 supply（1）n.煤气、电力、自来水等供应（系统）；pl.补给品；供应（量）；补给（2）vt.供应；供给要点必记food/water/gas/electricity supply 食物/水/煤气/电供应supply and demand 供求关系a supply of 一批；许多supply sb./sth.with sth.=supply sth.to sb./sth.为某人/某物提供某物词语辨析supply，provide 与offer supply 尤指大量供应、供给。provide 强调提供所需之物。provide sb.with sth.provide sth
23、.for sb.offer 强调主动提供。offer sb.sth.offer sth.to sb.单句语法填空（1）They will supply us technology in support without asking for anything in return.（2）This book will supply some scientific methods us in English learning.（3）Our school library can provide all kinds of good books students.（4）Finally，the manager
24、 offered a good job me.单句写作（5）We （提供给无家可归的人）food and clothes.（6）This （给我提供了一个机会）to show my appreciation to my headmistress.withtofortoprovide/supply the homeless withoffered me a chance 词汇九 adopt v.采取（某种方法）；承袭（风俗）；收养，领养 教材原句 This includes keeping the original environment from being touched，as well a
25、s adopting new，sustainable ways of feeding farm animals.这包括保持原始环境不被破坏，以及采用新的、可持续的方式喂养农场动物。要点必记（1）adopt a new technique 采用一项新技术 adopt an approach/policy/attitude 采取一种方法/政策/态度 adopt a suggestion 采纳一个建议 adopt a child 收养一个孩子（2）adapt/adjust to 适应 be adapted from 改编自 be adapted for 改编成 单词积累 adopted adj.收养
26、的，领养的 adoption n.收养；采纳 adapt vt.适应；改编 adjust v.适应；调整 单句语法填空（1）Becoming a member of the society means （adopt）its values.（2）The woman said that her two children were both （adopt）.（3）For many childless couples，（adopt）is the best solution.（4）In the past，they were too poor and had to have their daughter
27、（adopt）.辨析填空（adopt/adapt/adjust）（5）It turned out that his son treated them as if they were his own parents.（6）It took him quite a lot time to to the life here.（7）The film is from a novel of Mo Yan.（8）All three teams different ways to solve the problem.（9）The height of the chair can be .adoptingadopt
28、edadoptionadoptedadoptedadapt/adjustadaptedadoptedadjusted 词汇十 reduce v.减少，降低 教材原句 Reduce waste by choosing reusable products.通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费 要点必记 reduce speed 减速reduce costs 降低成本reduce expenses 缩减费用 reduce.by.减少了（by 表示减少的幅度）reduce.to.减少到（to 表示减少的结果）reduce sb.to tears/silence 使某人流泪/沉默 reduce sth.t
29、o ashes/ruins 使某物（尤指建筑物）化为灰烬/夷为废墟 be reduced to（doing）sth.沦落到地步 归纳拓展 rise/increase to 增加到 rise/increase by 增加了 单句语法填空（1）She reduced her weight 6 kilos.That is to say，she reduced her weight from 68 kilos 62 kilos.（2）His speech reduced all the audience present tears.（3）Unluckily，a big fire reduced the
30、 landmark ruins.（4）Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and （reduce）to ruins，the city took on a new look.单句写作（5）Representatives of the two sides signed an agreement to （减少税收）.（6）2015浙江卷One of the most effective ways to （减轻压力）is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.（7）All the sh
31、irts （被降到）10 dollars.（8）The price （降低了）20%since May.bytototobeing reducedreduce taxes reduce stress are reduced tohas been reduced by 词汇十一 instead of 代替；而不是 教材原句 Walk or ride a bike instead of taking a car.步行或骑自行车而不是开车。词语辨析 instead of 与 instead instead of 短语介词，“代替，而不是”，后跟名词/代词/动名词/介词短语等。instead 副词，“
32、（不是）而是/反而”，可单独使用。You probably picked up my keys instead of yours.你可能没拿你的钥匙而是拿了我的。If Joe cant attend the meeting，I could go instead.如果乔不能去开会，我可以代替他去。单句语法填空 （1）Instead focusing on your weaknesses，focus on your strengths.（2）Instead of （buy）them in the shops，she prefers making her own clothes.（3）Jack is
33、 a great talker.Its high time that he did something instead of just （talk）.同义句转换（4）The salesman didnt give me a Chinese book.Instead，he gave me an English book.=The salesman gave me an English book a Chinese book.ofbuyingtalkinginstead of 词汇十二 release v.&n.释放，排放；发布；发行 教材原句 The less energy you use，th
34、e less carbon dioxide is released.你使用的能源越少，释放的二氧化碳就越少。要点必记 release sb.（from）（从）释放某人 be released into the wild 被放回野生环境中 release heat 释放热量 单句语法填空（1）Police arrested several men，who were later （release）.（2）Firefighters took two hours to release the driver the wreckage（残骸）.（3）The court found him innocent
35、 and he （release）.releasedfromwas released 词汇十三 severe adj.（问题、伤势、疾病等）很严重的 教材原句 Smog can be dangerous because it causes severe breathing problems and infections.雾霾很危险，因为它会导致严重的呼吸问题和感染。要点必记 severe injury 重伤severe pollution 严重的污染 a severe winter 严冬be severe on/with sb.对某人很严厉 单词积累 severely adv.严重地 单句语法
36、填空（1）Motorists should be punished （severe）for dangerous driving.（2）The courts are becoming more severe young offenders（犯罪者）.单句写作（3）他得了重病。_ （4）我将会继续对自己严格要求，请相信我吧！I will .Please just believe me.severelyonHe had a severe illness.be severe on myself 词汇十四 permission n.允许，许可 教材原句 A polite interruption is
37、usually framed as a request for permission to interrupt someone,often starting with If.,May I.?礼貌的打断通常被理解为请求允许打断某人，通常以If.，May I.开始。要点必记（1）have permission to do sth.获得许可做某事 get permission(from sb.)得到（某人的）许可 ask for permission 请求许可gain permission to do.获得做的许可 with ones permission/with the permission o
38、f sb.在某人的许可/准许下 without permission 未经许可（2）permit doing sth.允许做某事permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 weather permitting 如果天气允许if time permits 如果时间允许 单词积累 permit v.许可，允许；（使）成为可能 n.C 许可证；执照 单句写作（1）In our school，no student can go out of the classroom （未经许可）.（2）Mary is （请求她母亲的许可）to marry Tom，saying he is a respo
39、nsible young man.单句语法填空（3）If you think that treating a woman well means always getting her （permit）for things，think again.（4）We do not permit （smoke）in the office.（5）It was announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents _（permit）to return to their homes.（6）Well have a picnic
40、 at the beach，weather （permit）.（7）As a punishment，she was not permitted （attend）any school activities.（8）Ill see you after the meeting，if time （permit）.（9）2017浙江卷She had asked the government for （permit）to move the books to a safe place，but they refused.without permissionasking for her mothers permi
41、ssionpermissionsmoking be permittedpermittingto attendpermitspermission 重点句式 句式一the+比较级.，the+比较级.“越，就越”教材原句The less energy you use，the less carbon dioxide is released.你使用的能源越少，释放的二氧化碳就越少。要点必记“the+比较级（+主谓），the+比较级（+主谓）”表示“越，就越”。前者表示条件，后者表示结果。归纳拓展越来越 比较级+and+比较级 stronger and stronger 越来越强大 more and mo
42、re+多音节形容词原级more and more important 越来越重要 单句语法填空（1）The more，the （good）.（2）The （hard）you study，the more progress youll make.单句写作（3）你练习得越多，理解得就越透彻。you practise，you can understand.（4）随着中国经济的快速发展，中国在国际舞台上的地位变得越来越重要了。With the rapid economic development，Chinas position on the international stage is getting
43、 .betterharderThe more the bettermore and more important 单元语法 现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语 要点一 现在分词作宾语补足语 宾语与宾补是主动关系。其主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语：（1）位于感官动词后：如 see，hear，feel，smell，watch，catch（当场发现），find，listen to，look at，notice，observe 等。注意：感官动词see，hear，watch，observe 等后跟doing 作宾补，表示动作正在进行；后跟do 作宾补，表示动作的全过程。（2）位于使役动词后：如set，
44、keep，have，get，leave 等。学法点拨 在有些动词（短语），如regard，describe，accept，think of，look on 等之后，可由as 引出动词-ing 形式作宾补。单句语法填空（1）When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw two women （argue）.（2）He was just about to sit down when he felt something （move）near his feet.（3）On the bank of the river，we found him （lie
45、）on a bench，with his eyes _（fix）on a kite in the sky.（4）I stood on the bridge and watched boats （pass）by.（5）They use computers to keep the traffic （run）smoothly.（6）The young man was caught （steal）a car.（7）Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it （perform）live is quite another thing.（
46、8）A cook will be immediately fired if he is found （smoke）in the kitchen.（9）When I came in，I saw Linda （whisper）to Danny.arguingmovinglying fixedpassingrunningstealingbeing performedsmoking whispering 要点二 过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或状态，宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词主要有两类：一类是感官动词，另一类是
47、使役动词。在高中阶段学习的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种：（1）用于表示某种状态的动词 keep，leave 等的宾语的后面（2）“have/get+宾语+过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”或“遭遇某种不幸”。（3）在“make+宾语+过去分词”结构中 过去分词表示结果。（4）常用在感官动词 watch，see，hear，notice，feel 等的后面作宾语补足语；此外，find 也有此用法。（5）用在 want，wish，like，expect，order 等表示“希望、愿望、命令”的动词的后面作宾语补足语。（6）在“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。误
48、区警示 现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式作宾语补足语的判断标准：（1）用哪种形式 根据宾语和宾补之间的关系来确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。主动关系现在分词 被动关系过去分词（2）感官动词后的宾补 感官动词hear，see，notice，feel 等既可以接分词也可以接省略to 的动词不定式作宾补。现在分词主动、进行的动作 过去分词被动、完成的动作 动词不定式动作的全过程 单句语法填空（1）He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them （interest）in his lectures.（2）When we
49、saw the road （block）with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.（3）The judges gave no hint of what they thought，so I left the room really （worry）.（4）Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car （wash）.（5）Even the best writers sometimes find themselves （lose）for words.（6）Now th
50、at weve discussed our problem，are people happy with the decisions _（take）?（7）I heard them （sing）in the room when I passed by.（8）His parents saw him （award）the winners medal.interestedblockedworriedwashedlosttakensingingawarded 单句写作 （9）他们把门锁了好长一段时间。They for a long time.（10）不要让窗户像这样一直破着。Dont like this
