1、单元素养培优单元素养培优(五五)Unit 5.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.The house _(destroy)in the fire cant be repaired.2.Im _(determine)to succeed.3.Its _(amaze)how quickly people adapt.4.The level of pollution in the river _(measure)every day.5.His only chance of _(survive)was a heart transplant.6.They have to come up with a _(sol
2、ve)to the problem.7.Hers was the first company _(found)by a woman to reach the Fortune 500.destroyeddeterminedamazingis measuredsurvivalsolutionfounded8.We can buy many kinds of ice-creams in the _(freeze)food section in supermarkets.9.Theres been a drop in ticket sales in _(react)to the review.10.W
3、e are bound to see some ups and downs along the road to _(recover).frozenreactionrecovery.选词填空选词填空lose track of,turn up,cut down,lead to,from time to time,concentrate on,recover from,up to,fall off,after all1.You should forgive him for his forgetfulness;_,he is over seventy.2.Young children cant _on
4、e activity for a very long time.3.He promised to come,but so far he has not _.4.You wont _the stepladder;Ill hold it for you.after allconcentrate onturned upfall off5.In the past ten years,a lot of trees have been _in the mountain.6.Smoking too much will _lung cancer.7.I cant agree more.We need to g
5、et away from work _.8.She returned to her hometown to _an illness.9.We could go now or laterits _you.10.Toms work was so interesting that he _the time.cut downlead tofrom time to timerecover fromup tolost track of.完成句子完成句子1.I see what you mean,but _(如果你设法做成它),everything will change.2.The government
6、will _(允许他们在广播和电视上做广告).3.This suggestion will certainly _(导致争论).4.Just _(确信你关好门).5.Sugar can be absorbed by the body in _(各种各样的形式).if you can manage to do itallow them to advertise on radio and televisionlead to an argumentmake sure you close the doora variety of forms6.I am _(专注于我的工作),thats my stre
7、ngth.7.The high speed train can travel _(以每小时四百多千米的速度).8.His face goes white,and he just _(盯着自己的脚).9.So dont hurry._(毕竟),he cant run away.10._(稍等),were not ready to leave yet!concentrating on my jobat a speed of over 400 kilometers per hourstares at his feetAfter allHold your horses.阅读理解阅读理解A(2021无锡
8、高一检测)How does an ecosystem work?What makes the populations of different species the way they are?Why are there so many flies and so few wolves?To find an answer,scientists have built mathematical models of food webs,noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models,scientists have fou
9、nd out some key principles operating in food webs.Most food webs,for instance,consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.When a predator(掠食动物)always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物),the two species are strongly linked;when a predator lives on various species,they are weakly linke
10、d.Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.If a predator can eat several species,it can survive the extinction(灭绝)of one of them.And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare,th
11、e switch allows the original prey to recover.The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable,where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.In the 1960s,scient
12、ists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other speciesincluding species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true.In the ocean,we fis
13、hed for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale,while on land,we killed off large predators such as wolves.These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models.Ideally,the system would tell us when to adapt hum
14、an activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.Prevention is key,scientists say,because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点),it is remarkably difficult for them to return.【文章大意】本文主要讲述了科学家们已经建立了一个基于食物网的数学模型预
15、警系统,该系统揭示食物链中的生态平衡和破坏的原理和提醒人们应该保护生态系统。1.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?A.The living habits of species in food webs.B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D.The differences between
16、 weak and strong links in food webs.【解析】选选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段With such models,scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.可知,通过这些模型,科学家们发现了一些在食物网中起作用的关键原理。由此可见,科学家借助于食物网的数学模型发现了控制生态系统食物网的规则。2.A strong link is found between two species when a predator _.A.has a wide food choiceB.
17、can easily find new preyC.sticks to one prey speciesD.can quickly move to another place【解析】选选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段If a predator can eat.prey to recover.可知如果一个捕食者可以吃几个物种,它就可以在其中一个物种灭绝后幸存下来。如果一个捕食者可以转移到另一个物种,当一个捕食物种变得稀少时,更容易找到这个物种,那么这个转换就允许原来的捕食者恢复。由此可见,当食肉动物粘在一个捕食物种上时,发现两个物种之间有一个很强的联系。3.What will happen if
18、 the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D.The populations of other species will experience un
19、expected changes.【解析】选选D。推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句可知数学模型还表明,食物网可能是不稳定的,顶部食肉动物的微小变化可能导致整个生态系统的巨大影响。由此可见,如果食物网中顶级食肉动物的数量大幅度下降,其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。4.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B.Rapid economic development threatens animal
20、habitats.C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.【解析】选选A。推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知无计划的人类活动证明了顶级掠食者自上而下控制的想法是正确的。在海洋中,我们在工业规模上捕捞顶级掠食者,如鳕鱼,而在陆地上,我们杀死大型掠食者,如狼。这些行动大大影响了生态平衡。由此可见,不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。B(2021荆州高一检测)Have you ever wondered what wild anima
21、ls do when no one is watching?Low cost,dependable and small modern cameras offered a big help.Cameras placed in hard-to-reach places have shot everything from small desert cats to larger snow-loving cats in the northern Rocky Mountains.Scientists have been able to document the“private”moments of wil
22、dlife with leading technology.Grant Harris is a government biologist with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in Albuquerque,New Mexico.In his words,“theres no doubt that these wild cameras are important tools to learn new information on wildlife.”Harris said some images help scientists see
23、the effects of climate change.Researchers with the Wyoming Migration Initiative,or WMI,are among those using wild cameras along with global positioning systems,or GPS.But WMI director Matthew Kauffman says as those devices are limited,so is the amount of information they can gather from GPS.However,
24、cameras can be left in very wild areas for days,weeks or even months.They can provide information on how many animals are moving over a given period of time.Putting those cameras in place requires careful planning.Wild video can show details about animal behavior.However,wild cameras have their prob
25、lems too.Animals such as wolverines and bears sometimes attack them.Scientists do not know if the attacks are the result of anger or interest.Also,the devices have become popular tools to help hunters look for animals.Some people argue that it is unfair to use the cameras that way.Even with such pro
26、blems,wild cameras are clearly an important scientific tool in researching wild animals.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的野外摄像机,它是研究野生动物的重要科学工具,并介绍了它的使用所带来的问题。5.What does the underlined word“document”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Remind.B.Enrich.C.Appreciate.D.Record.【解析】选选D。词义猜测题。画线词所在句句意:科学家们已经能够用领先的技术_野生动物的“私人”时刻
27、。根据上文“Cameras placed in hard-to-reach places have shot everything from small desert cats to larger snow-loving cats in the northern Rocky Mountains.”由此可推断出,科学家们是利用这种新型摄像机记录了野生动物的生活,“Record”意为“记录”,故选D。6.Which is a disadvantage of wild cameras?A.They cannot be left in the wild over a long period.B.The
28、y cannot be placed in hard-to-reach areas.C.They provide limited information.D.They might be stolen by people.【解析】选选C。细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“But WMI director Matthew Kauffman says as those devices are limited,so is the amount of information they can gather from GPS.”可知,野外摄像机的缺点是它能够提供的信息是有限的。故选C。7.Why do som
29、e people argue against using wild cameras?A.It is difficult to fix the cameras.B.It helps hunters find animals easily.C.It is hard to achieve careful planning.D.It makes animals interested in the cameras.【解析】选选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Also,the devices have become popular tools to help hunters look for ani
30、mals.Some people argue that it is unfair to use the cameras that way.”由此可知,有些人反对使用野外摄像机是因为它帮助猎人很容易地找到动物。故选B。8.What is the authors attitude towards wild cameras?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Uncertain.D.Uncaring.【解析】选选B。观点态度题。根据最后一段内容“Even with such problems,wild cameras are clearly an important scientific
31、 tool in researching wild animals.”(即使野外摄像机存在着一些问题,但它显然是研究野生动物的重要科学工具。)由此可推断出,作者对野外摄像机的态度是支持的。故选B。.阅读填句阅读填句(2021南通高一检测)Choosing the Right Path to Be a“Better”PersonLife is a constant exercise in self-improvement.In the rush to achieve,the idea of being“better”can become lost sometimes.You may always
32、 wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way.1 Explore your talents.Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests.So its often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you.2 For example,people loving adventure may not be interested i
33、n the quiet chess club,but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be.Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what youll enjoy.3 No matter how much money you make.you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate.Its important to at least devote so
34、me of your time to what makes you happy.If youre particularly unhappy at your job,consider why.4 If you feel your job isnt meaningful,or isnt in line with your values,consider finding another job.Experience something new.Research has shown that when were in our comfort zone,we arent as productive as
35、 we are when we step just beyond it.5Because of that,we may react slowly to our own positive experiences and interactions with others,even when those are little scary.Doing so can help you achieve more.A.Do what you love.B.Here are some tips for you.C.Register in a class youre interested in.D.Humans
36、 adapt very quickly to positive events.E.Its possible that some changes may change your feeling.F.Similar types of people may be attracted to the same activities.G.Try not to allow yourself to focus so much on a certain aspect of your life.【文章大意】本文讲述的是如何选择正确的道路,让自己成为一个“更好”的人。作者建议我们做自己喜欢做的事情,积极向上,让自己
37、成为“更好”的人。1.【解析】选选B。根据前一句You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way.可知作者是想给别人提出如何更容易地去提升自己并实现梦想的建议。故选B。2.【解析】选选C。根据后文的举例可知,喜欢冒险的人可能就不喜欢安静的象棋俱乐部,也就是说,注册你感兴趣的活动。故选C。3.【解析】选选A。根据本段的内容可知,你要做你喜欢的事情。故选A。4.【解析】选选E。根据后一句If you feel your job isnt meaningful,or isnt
38、in line with your values,consider finding another job.可知你不喜欢你的工作,可以考虑再找一份,所以做出一些改变就会改变你自己的内心感受。故选E。5.【解析】选选D。根据后一句Because of that,we may react slowly to our own positive experiences and interactions with others,可知人类能够快速适应积极的事情。故选D。.语法填空语法填空Australia was always a country I wanted to visit so I saved
39、up some money and 1._(take)the plane for Australia at 2._end of the school term.It was strange when I arrived.It was the start of winter!Happily for me the weather was still hot and sunny though.3._ also took me a while to get used to the time difference.The country is 4._(true)beautiful,full of wil
40、dlife you wouldnt find anywhere else in the world.I visited a koala sanctuary(考拉保护区)in Brisbanethere were koalas everywhere 5._(sleep)in the trees and I even got the chance 6._(hold)one.I learnt lots of 7._(fact)about koalas,too.For example,koalas can sleep for up to 22 hours a day.At the sanctuary
41、there were also kangaroos(袋鼠)that we 8._(allow)to feed.They were really cute and friendly.Another exciting part of my trip was snorkelling(潜泳)in the Great Barrier Reef,as the water was very clear and blue.I was also lucky to see some 9._(interest)sea animals.I loved visiting everywhere from the beau
42、tiful mountains and waterfalls in the National Parks 10._ the long white sandy beaches.Its a beautiful country and worth visiting one day if you ever get the chance.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者去澳大利亚旅游的经历。1.【解析】took。考查动词时态。and连接并列谓语,根据上文saved可知应用一般过去时。故填took。2.【解析】the。考查冠词。句意:澳大利亚一直是我想去旅游的国家,所以我存了一些钱,在学期结束
43、时坐飞机去了澳大利亚。结合句意表示“在结束时”短语为at the end of。故填the。3.【解析】It。考查固定句型。句意:我也花了一段时间来适应时差。结合句意表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”句型为it takes/took sb.some time to do sth.。句首单词首字母要大写。故填It。4.【解析】truly。考查副词。修饰后文形容词beautiful应用副词truly,表示“真实地”,作状语。故填truly。5.【解析】sleeping。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知sleep在句中应用非谓语动词形式,且与逻辑主语koalas构成主动关系,故应用现在分词作状语。故填s
44、leeping。6.【解析】to hold。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知hold在句中应用非谓语动词形式,此处修饰上文名词chance应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to hold。7.【解析】facts。考查名词的数。fact为可数名词,由lots of修饰应用复数形式。故填facts。8.【解析】were allowed。考查动词时态和语态。句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为we,谓语动词用复数。故填were allowed。9.【解析】interesting。考查形容词。修饰后文名词短语sea animals应用形容词interesting
45、,作定语,表示“有趣的”。故填interesting。10.【解析】to。考查介词。句意:我喜欢到处游览,从国家公园里美丽的山脉和瀑布到长长的白色沙滩。结合句意表示“从到”短语为from.to.。故填to。.单词拼写单词拼写1.The money I saved these years _(使可能)me to buy the house.2.Their _(质量)of life improved when they moved to France.3.Very few people _(活下来)the fire.4.The picture describes the beautiful _(景
46、色)of a March morning.5.Please note the _(位置)of this folder in your computer.enabledqualitysurvivedscenelocation6.First of all,please get yourself into a comfortable _(位置).7.The little boy likes _(观察)stars in the sky at night.8.At the time the boy lost all _(意识)of time and place.9.He cant _(集中)his th
47、oughts on his studies.10.Advertising is not the only _(要素)in the marketing process.positionobservingawarenessconcentrateelement.阅读理解阅读理解The year was 1932.Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined aeroplane.At midnight,several hours after she had left New
48、foundland,she ran into bad weather.To make things worse,her altimeter(高度表)failed and she didnt know how high she was flying.At night,and in a storm,a pilot is in great difficulty without an altimeter.At times,her plane nearly plunged(冲)into the sea.Just before dawn,there was further trouble.Amelia n
49、oticed flames(火焰)coming from the engine.Would she be able to reach land?There was nothing to do except to keep going and to hope.In the end,Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland,and for the courage she had shown,she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe.When she returned to the United States,she was
50、honored by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House.From that time on,Amelia Earhart was famous.What was so important about her flight?Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly the Atlantic Ocean alone,and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty-six minutes.In the years that
