1、Unit 4Unit 4Friends foreverFriends foreverUsing languageUsing language 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句(that/which/who/whose)(that/which/who/whose)【语用功能语用功能】定语从句定语从句 在主从复合句中在主从复合句中,对某一名词或代词起修饰对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用。限制作用。【情境探究情境探究】观察上面对话观察上面对话,并类比填空并类比填空:Do you know the man _ spoke at the meeting Do you know the man _ spoke
2、at the meeting justjust now?now?The train _ has just left is for The train _ has just left is for Shenzhen.Shenzhen.whowhowhich/thatwhich/that【要义详析要义详析】一、定语从句的概述一、定语从句的概述定定语语从从句句定定义义在主从复合句中在主从复合句中,对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从句用的从句关关系系词词关系代词关系代词who;whom;whose;which;that;as关系副词关系副词when;where;why可分为
3、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句本单元主要学习由关系代词本单元主要学习由关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句【即学活用即学活用】合并句子合并句子(1)The man is a miner.He lives opposite our(1)The man is a miner.He lives opposite our house.house.The man _is a The man _is a miner.miner.who/that lives opposite our housewho/th
4、at lives opposite our house(2)He will visit the famous dam in 2019.It was(2)He will visit the famous dam in 2019.It was builtbuilt in 1900.in 1900.He will visit the famous dam in 2019 He will visit the famous dam in 2019 _._.which/that waswhich/that wasbuilt in 1900built in 1900(3)The student will o
5、rganize the party of our(3)The student will organize the party of our school.school.We saw him at the school gate.We saw him at the school gate.世纪金榜导学号世纪金榜导学号The student _The student _will organize the party of our school._will organize the party of our school.(who/whom/that)we saw at the school(who
6、/whom/that)we saw at the schoolgategate(4)I want to talk to the boys.Their homework(4)I want to talk to the boys.Their homework hasnt hasnt been handed in.been handed in.I want to talk to the boys _I want to talk to the boys _._.whose homework hasntwhose homework hasntbeen handed inbeen handed in二、关
7、系代词的基本用法二、关系代词的基本用法关系代词关系代词所指代所指代(即先行词即先行词)在定语从句中所作的句子成分在定语从句中所作的句子成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人人/物物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whose人人/物物定语定语*Any man Any man that/whothat/who has a sense of duty will be has a sense of duty will be concerned about this item.concerned about this item.任何有责任感的人
8、都任何有责任感的人都会关注这个项目。会关注这个项目。*The rescue worker(The rescue worker(whom/that/whowhom/that/who)you are )you are waiting for has come.waiting for has come.你正在等的救援人员已经你正在等的救援人员已经来了。来了。*Mary is fond of music Mary is fond of music that/whichthat/which is quiet and is quiet and gentle.gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。玛丽喜欢轻柔的
9、音乐。*The party The party that/which that/which was organized by Tom was was organized by Tom was held outdoors at dusk.held outdoors at dusk.由汤姆组织的晚会由汤姆组织的晚会,傍晚傍晚时在户外举行。时在户外举行。*I frequently visited a scientist I frequently visited a scientist whose whose name name was known all over the country.was k
10、nown all over the country.我经常会去拜访一个全国知名的科学家。我经常会去拜访一个全国知名的科学家。【名师点津名师点津】关系代词的选择误区关系代词的选择误区(1)(1)关系代词关系代词thatthat可指人可指人,也可以指物也可以指物,可与关系词可与关系词which/who/whomwhich/who/whom互换互换,但是不可直接放在介词的后面但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语作宾语;(2)(2)作宾语时作宾语时whowho与与whomwhom可互换可互换,若紧跟在介词后面则若紧跟在介词后面则使用使用whom;whomwhom;whom在从句中不作主语在从句中不作主语;
11、(3)(3)关系代词作宾语时可省略关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外与介词连用时除外)。【即学活用即学活用】(1)(2019(1)(2019全国卷全国卷)They were well trained by)They were well trained by theirtheir masters _had great experience with caring for masters _had great experience with caring for these animals.these animals.(2)(2017(2)(2017全国卷全国卷)Even worse,the
12、 amount of fast)Even worse,the amount of fast food _people eat goes up.food _people eat goes up.whowhothatthat(3)(2017(3)(2017北京高考北京高考)The little problems _we meet)The little problems _we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great in our daily lives may be inspirations for great invention
13、s.inventions.(4)(2017(4)(2017北京高考北京高考)What could be more fun than a)What could be more fun than a giftgift _keeps coming through the letter box every _keeps coming through the letter box every month?month?(5)(2016(5)(2016北京高考北京高考)I live next door to a couple)I live next door to a couple _children of
14、ten make a lot of noise.children often make a lot of noise.thatthatthatthatwhosewhose三、关系代词只用三、关系代词只用thatthat而不用而不用whichwhich的情况的情况 1.1.当先行词为当先行词为all,everything,nothing,all,everything,nothing,anything,little,muchanything,little,much等不定代词或先行词被这些等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。词修饰时。*All thatAll that you must keep in
15、 mind is that you you must keep in mind is that you must be buried in your research.must be buried in your research.你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。2.2.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。数词或形容词最高级修饰时。*He was He was the first survivor thatthe first survivor that was
16、dug out was dug out from the ruins.from the ruins.他是第一个从废墟中被挖出的幸存他是第一个从废墟中被挖出的幸存者。者。3.3.当先行词被当先行词被the only,the very,the lastthe only,the very,the last修饰修饰时。时。*The The only thing thatonly thing that we can do is to give in we can do is to give in to our parents ideas.to our parents ideas.我们唯一能做的事情就我们
17、唯一能做的事情就是服从于父母的观点。是服从于父母的观点。4.4.当先行词既指人当先行词既指人,又指物时。又指物时。*I can remember well I can remember well the persons and some the persons and some pictures thatpictures that I saw in the room.I saw in the room.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间里见到的人和一些照片我能清楚地记得我在那个房间里见到的人和一些照片。5.5.当主语是以当主语是以whowho或或whichwhich开头的疑问句时开头的疑问句时,为避免
18、为避免重复而用重复而用thatthat。*Who is Who is the man thatthe man that came to rescue you in came to rescue you in that disaster?that disaster?在那次灾难中来救你的人是谁呀在那次灾难中来救你的人是谁呀?6.6.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。*Shanghai is no longer Shanghai is no longer the city thatthe city that it used it used to be.to be.上海不再是
19、过去的样子了。上海不再是过去的样子了。【即学活用即学活用】(1)(2017(1)(2017全国卷全国卷)Now all _was needed were)Now all _was needed were the the parents,but they were absent.parents,but they were absent.(2)(2017(2)(2017全国卷全国卷)As a result,people will eat)As a result,people will eat more more food to try to make up for something _is fo
20、od to try to make up for something _is missing.missing.thatthatthatthat(3)(2017(3)(2017浙江高考浙江高考)Teenagers tend to do things)Teenagers tend to do things _excite them.excite them.(4)The driver and his car _fell into the river(4)The driver and his car _fell into the river have have not yet been discovered.not yet been discovered.thatthatthatthat
