1、Fill in the blanks to finish the summary of the text and then try to retell it.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London in the 19th century.He wanted to find _ of cholera in order to _ it.In 1854 when the disease _ London again,be began to gather information.He _ on a map where all the dead peopl
2、e had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from _ died.So he got that the polluted water carried the virus.He also found a supporting evidence:two people who had moved away from the Broad Street but still drank the water also _.He suggested that the source of all water s
3、upply _ and people should not _ polluted water any more.Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated.the causemarkeddefeathitthe pumpbe exposed to(should)be examineddiedUseful words and sentences:attend,expose,cure,absorb,severe,pump,blame,handle,link,announce,instruct1.So many thousands of terrified people d
4、ied every time there was an outbreak.2.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.3.A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.1.John Snow was a famous doctor in Londo
5、n so expert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加照顾；护理；出席；参加选择选择attend在句中的含义。在句中的含义。a.出席，参加出席，参加 b.照顾，护理照顾，护理 1)Mary invited about 30 people to her party,but only 12 attended it.()2)The nurse attended the patients with great care.()3)If you go out,who
6、 will attend to the baby?()ab battend也可作不及物动词也可作不及物动词attend to sb./sth.处理；对处理；对付；照料；关怀付；照料；关怀【拓展】【拓展】attendance n.出席，参加，上学，出席，参加，上学，出席人数出席人数attendant n.服务员，侍者，侍从服务员，侍者，侍从 attend,join,take part in都可意为都可意为“参参加加”，区别如下：，区别如下：attend后主要接后主要接meeting,conference,school,ceremony等作宾语；等作宾语；join后的宾语主要是表示团体、组织后的宾
7、语主要是表示团体、组织(如军队、如军队、党派党派)、一群人、游戏等的名词，如、一群人、游戏等的名词，如party,army,club等；等；take part in后的宾语主要是某项活动，如后的宾语主要是某项活动，如discussion,movement,revolution,debate等。等。【运用运用】将下列句子翻译成汉语。将下列句子翻译成汉语。1)Many children in the poor village cant attend school although they have reached the school age.2)Daniel is sick now and h
8、e needs someone to attend to him.丹尼尔现在生病了，需要有人照顾他。丹尼尔现在生病了，需要有人照顾他。那个贫穷的村子里许多孩子虽然到了上学那个贫穷的村子里许多孩子虽然到了上学的年龄但却上不了学。的年龄但却上不了学。2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposes to cholera.expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光暴露；揭露；使曝光 e.g.The soldiers were warned not to expose themselves.Dont
9、 expose these drawings to the air.expose与介词与介词_连用。连用。toThe report exposes the weaknesses of modern medical practice.Marys beauty will expose her to many dangers.expose“使面临，使遭受使面临，使遭受(危险或不快危险或不快)”。It is said that the film has been exposed.expose可意为可意为“使曝光使曝光”。意为意为_揭露，揭穿揭露，揭穿【拓展拓展】exposure n.暴露，揭露暴露，揭
10、露翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。1)Dont expose babies to strong sunlight.2)The girl didnt want to expose her fears to anyone.不要把婴儿暴露在烈日下。不要把婴儿暴露在烈日下。这位女孩不想向任何人显露她的恐惧。这位女孩不想向任何人显露她的恐惧。3.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.cure既可作名词，也可作动词。既可作名词，也可作动词。e.g.Her cure took six weeks.There is no certain cure for th
11、is disease.cure作名词作名词时，意为时，意为“治愈，痊愈治愈，痊愈”；也；也 可意为可意为“药，药物，疗法药，药物，疗法”，常与介词，常与介词 _连用。连用。for This medicine should cure you of your cold.cure作动词时作动词时，意为，意为“治愈，治好（病人或动治愈，治好（病人或动物）物）”，常构成搭配，常构成搭配_；Many types of cancer can now be cured.cure也可意为也可意为“治好（疾病）治好（疾病）”。cure sb.of sth.*When you have a pain in your
12、 shoulders,you will go to see a doctor.The doctor will cure you.He will cure the pain in your shoulders.Aspirin is said to be a wonderful cure for the pain.给出给出cure的中文含义。的中文含义。v.治愈治愈n.疗法疗法v.治愈治愈4.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.e.g.Clever chi
13、ldren absorb knowledge easily.聪明的孩子吸收知识快。聪明的孩子吸收知识快。absorb 吸收吸收;吸引吸引;使专心使专心;合并合并;吞并吞并Aspirin is quickly absorbed by/into the body.阿司匹林被身体吸收很快。阿司匹林被身体吸收很快。be absorbed by,absorb into 意为意为_ e.g.The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小公司吞并了。这家大公司
14、逐渐将这些小公司吞并了。被被吞并；为吞并；为所吸收所吸收 He is absorbed in the research of Chinese history recently.他最近专心于研究中国历史。他最近专心于研究中国历史。be absorbed in=concentrate on表示表示“_”。专心于某事专心于某事absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力吸引某人的注意力 e.g.Chinese history absorbs his attention recently.5.In two particular streets,the cholera outbreak
15、was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的严重的；剧烈的；严厉的severe当意为当意为“严重的；严肃的严重的；严肃的”时，时，和和serious相近相近；当意为；当意为“严厉的；严格的严厉的；严格的”时，时，与与strict相近。相近。be severe on(upon)/with sb.对某人严厉或严格对某人严厉或严格e.g.The drought is becoming increasingly severe.旱灾日趋严重。旱灾日趋严重。He _ his children.
16、他对子女很严格。他对子女很严格。You are too _ the boy.你对那个男孩太严厉了。你对那个男孩太严厉了。I felt a severe pain in the chest.我感到胸口剧烈疼痛。我感到胸口剧烈疼痛。is severe withsevere on(upon)表示表示“伤势严重伤势严重”要用要用severe,不用不用serious;但指但指“疾病严重疾病严重”时时,两者都可与两者都可与illness连接连接。e.g.She received _ head injuries in the accident.在事故中她的头部受了重伤。在事故中她的头部受了重伤。I was
17、laid up for six weeks with a severe/serious illness.由于重病，我卧床六个星期。由于重病，我卧床六个星期。此句不可用此句不可用serious。severe6.Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street(especially numbers 16,37,38 and 40).pump n.泵泵(油泵油泵;气泵气泵),抽水机抽水机,打气筒打气筒 If have a flat tyre,you will pump air into the tyre.(You will pum
18、p up your tyre.)When my car was short of gas,I went to the gas station,where the guy pumped gas.根据例句给出根据例句给出pump的含义。的含义。v.打气打气v.打气打气We had a debate yesterday.The lively debate really pumped us up.His heart was pumping fast.During the drought last year,the villagers had pumped the well dry,but got no
19、 more water.v.给给打气打气v.心跳心跳v.把井水抽干把井水抽干6.It seemed that the water was to blame.观察观察blame在句中的词性、含义及用法。在句中的词性、含义及用法。1)Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.blame作动词，意为作动词，意为“责备；谴责责备；谴责”，blame sb./sth._ sth.因某事而指责某人因某事而指责某人/某事某事for2)Its no use blaming our defea
20、t on the player._ 把某事归咎于某人把某事归咎于某人/某事某事3)Its you who are to blame for the accident._ 对某事负有责任（主动表被动）对某事负有责任（主动表被动）blame sth.on sb./sth.be to blame for sth.4)You must take the blame for the mistakes in the report.blame作名词作名词，意为，意为“过失；责备过失；责备”，take the blame 承担责任。承担责任。5)The boss always puts the blame f
21、or the failure on us.put the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人。把某事归咎于某人。【运用运用】将下列句子翻译成英语。将下列句子翻译成英语。1)那次事故怪不着孩子们。那次事故怪不着孩子们。2)警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心 驾驶。驾驶。The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.The children were not to blame for the accident.7.He immediately told the
22、 astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.handle n.柄；把手柄；把手 A.操作操作;运用运用 B.经销经销;买卖买卖 C.管理管理 D.对待对待 E.应付应付 F.控制控制;管管handle v.Choose the Chinese explanations in the box.1)Ms Hawkins,the chief accountant of the company handles the companys account
23、s.C.管理管理2)The children are so naughty that I cant handle them.3)She handled a difficult argument skillfully.F.控制控制;管管E.应付应付 A.操作操作;运用运用 B.经销经销;买卖买卖 C.管理管理 D.对待对待 E.应付应付 F.控制控制;管管4)Handle children kindly,if you want them to trust you.5)This shop handles paper and stationery.6)He learnt how to handle
24、the axe.D.对待对待B.经销；买卖经销；买卖A.操作；运用操作；运用 A.操作操作;运用运用 B.经销经销;买卖买卖 C.管理管理 D.对待对待 E.应付应付 F.控制控制;管管8.In another part of London,he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.e.g.A lot of links fitted together form a chain.link n.(链状物的链状物的)环环,节节 研究人员发现了吸烟和心
25、脏病之间的关系。研究人员发现了吸烟和心脏病之间的关系。Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease.link n.联系联系The two towns are linked by a railway.The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.link v.连接连接9.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water c
26、arried the virus.e.g.They have announced the date of their wedding in the newspaper.She announced that she has no intention of leaving her husband.announce作作_词，意为词，意为“_ _”，后可接名词或，后可接名词或that从句。从句。动动宣布、宣布、通告通告Gathering clouds announced the oncoming storm.announce为为“预示预示”。【拓展拓展】announcement n.宣告、布告、通告、
27、宣布，宣告、布告、通告、宣布，可数名词可数名词announcer n.广播员、报幕员广播员、报幕员10.The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.instruct vt.命令；指示；嘱咐；吩咐；教导命令；指示；嘱咐；吩咐；教导（教授知识或技术）；训练（教授知识或技术）；训练【拓展拓展】instructor n.教员；教练）教员；教练）instruction n.（命令；指示；说明）。（命令；指示；说明）。e.g.The teacher instructed him to
28、 start early.老师命令他早动身。老师命令他早动身。Ive been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.我得到指示在这儿等到讲课老师到来。我得到指示在这儿等到讲课老师到来。He instructs a class in history.他教授一个班的历史。他教授一个班的历史。Read the instructions on the pocket.看一下袋子上的说明。看一下袋子上的说明。instruct指向一个人或一组人传授知识指向一个人或一组人传授知识,但并但并不清楚他们是否学到什么。不清楚他们是否学到什么。teac
29、h是最普通的词是最普通的词,可指或不指学术方面的可指或不指学术方面的学习学习;作不及物动词时作不及物动词时,表示教书生涯。表示教书生涯。tutor指一学生与一老师的关系指一学生与一老师的关系,常指课外的常指课外的一个教师对一个学生的补习工作。一个教师对一个学生的补习工作。educate指范围更广泛的学术过程指范围更广泛的学术过程,完成完成比比teach更大的结果。更大的结果。train指使一个人或一组人在某一专门的指使一个人或一组人在某一专门的技能或职业方面达到必要的水平技能或职业方面达到必要的水平,也可指也可指训练动物。训练动物。coach 指在普通的教育体系之外训练或培指在普通的教育体系之
30、外训练或培养一个人或一组人养一个人或一组人,常为了通过某项专门常为了通过某项专门的考试。的考试。e.g.I taught history for many years.我教历史好多年了。我教历史好多年了。Who taught you to ride a bicycle?谁教你骑自行车的？谁教你骑自行车的？He instructed us in English,but some of them made little progress.他教我们英语，但我们有些人几乎他教我们英语，但我们有些人几乎 没有进步。没有进步。In his spare time,he tutored me in Engli
31、sh.在课余时间，他教我英语。在课余时间，他教我英语。The writer was educated at a very good school.这位作家在一所很好的学校里受过教育。这位作家在一所很好的学校里受过教育。It takes several years to train a doctor.培养一名医生要花好几年时间。培养一名医生要花好几年时间。He coached her for the English examination.他辅导她英语考试。他辅导她英语考试。So many thousands of terrified people died every time there w
32、as an outbreak.每次暴发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病每次暴发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。死。本句是一个主从复合句。本句是一个主从复合句。主句是主句是So many thousands of terrified people died；every time引导引导_从句。从句。时间状语时间状语 every time作连词，意为作连词，意为“每次，每每次，每 当当”。注意：注意：immediately,the moment,directly,instantly等与等与every time一样，都可以用作连一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为词引导时间状语从句，意为“一一
33、就就”。【仿写仿写】每当听到这首歌，她都会忍不住哭每当听到这首歌，她都会忍不住哭起来。起来。She couldnt help crying/bursting into tears every time she heard the song.2.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.他对可能解释霍乱致人死亡的两种推测都很他对可能解释霍乱致人死亡的两种推测都很感兴趣。感兴趣。本句是一个主从复合句。本句是一个主从复合句。主句是主句是He became interes
34、ted in two theories；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词引导定语从句，修饰先行词_，且在从句中作且在从句中作_。theories主语主语该定语从句中又包含一个由该定语从句中又包含一个由how引导的引导的_从句。从句。【仿写仿写】约翰决定买那本描述地球上生命起约翰决定买那本描述地球上生命起 源的书。源的书。_宾语宾语John decided to buy the book that described how life began on the earth.3.A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water
35、 from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。里来。本句是一个主从复合句。本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主干是主句的主干是A woman liked the water；who引导非限制性定语从句，对引导非限制性定语从句，对_ 进行进行补充说明。补充说明。so.that.在此引导在此引导_从句。从句。had it delivered是是have
36、 sth.done结构，在此结构，在此意为意为“让让/请别人做某事请别人做某事”。woman 结果状语结果状语【仿写仿写】五年前从这个街区搬走的梅变了好多，五年前从这个街区搬走的梅变了好多，刚才我几乎没认出她来。刚才我几乎没认出她来。Mei,who moved from the neighbourhood five years ago,had changed so much that I almost didnt recognise her just now.draw a conclusionexpose tolink to absorbintolook intoslow downdie of
37、得出结论得出结论使显露；暴露使显露；暴露将将和和联系或联系或连接起来连接起来吸收吸收调查调查减慢减慢死于死于I.根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式（每空一词）。（每空一词）。1.The local people complain that chemical waste from factories is p_ the river.2.The children are the helpless _(受受 害者害者)of the fighting.3.In cold climates,hous
38、es need to have walls that will a_ heat.pollutingvictimsabsorb4.Please let us know if you are unable to a_ the meeting.5.The government has _(宣布宣布)that public spending will be increased.6.The need to communicate is a key _(特征特征)of human society.7.The clear reasons for the disaster are difficult to _
39、(分析分析).8.There were lots of kids in my _ (附近附近)when I was growing up.attendannouncedcharacteristicanalyse neighbourhood II.用适当的介词或副词填空。用适当的介词或副词填空。1.Do not expose babies _ strong sunlight.2.John didnt seem very interested _ what I was saying.3.His back injury may prevent him _ playing in tomorrows g
40、ame.4.The train slowed _ as it approached the station.5.I need to find _ more about these night courses.6.I wrote a letter of complaint and the airline has promised to look _ the matter.toinfromdownoutinto.根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。（每空一词）。1._ _ _ _ _ _(每次听那每次听那首歌首歌)I feel happy.2.At yesterdays meeting,he _ _ _ _ _(提出了一项新的计划提出了一项新的计划).Every/Each time I hear that songput forward a new plan3.After reading her letter,I _ _ _(得出结论得出结论)that she was a very intelligent person.4.I _ _ _(决决心心)do better than Mike.drew/reached the conclusionam determined to
