1、Module 4 Unit 2 Sports eventsGrammar牛津高中英语（模块四 高一下学期）GrammarGrammaropinions and attitudes A better knowledge of modal verbsA better understanding of the speaker Lead-inLead-in1)本身本身有有词义词义2)只能只能和动词原型一起构成谓语和动词原型一起构成谓语动词动词3)情态动词没有人称和数的变化情态动词没有人称和数的变化FeaturesFeatures1.1.只做情态动词：只做情态动词：must,can/could,may/
2、might,ought to2 2.既既可作情态动词又为助动词：可作情态动词又为助动词：shall/should,will/would3 3.既既可作情态动词又为实义动词：可作情态动词又为实义动词：need,dare4.4.具有情态动词特征：具有情态动词特征：be able to,have to（有（有时态时态、人称人称、数数的变化）的变化）Four categoriesFour categories1.Ability（能力）（能力）2.Obligation（职责）（职责）3.Certainty （推测）（推测）4.Permission（许可（许可）Different functionsDif
3、ferent functions5.Make requests（提出请求（提出请求）6.Make suggestions（提出建议提出建议）7.Make offers（提供帮助）（提供帮助）8.Give advice（提出意见）（提出意见）1 1.AbilityAbility Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 seconds.Some functions of canSome functions of canA:Can this kangaroo be still alive?B:No,it cant be.A fire like
4、 this can be very destructive.A:Could I have a try?B:of course,you can.B:You made it!How can this be true!You must be an angel!You can save a lot of lives!推测（否定 疑问;could语气更委婉）往往可能 有时可能（肯定）允许 （could语气更委婉）怎么能(否定 疑问 感叹;惊讶 怀疑）能力 The factory could produce 100,000 masks a day.一般能力一般能力 canThe factory was a
5、ble to produce 100,000 masks a day in the crisis.过去时，具体能力（需过去时，具体能力（需某种条件或努力做成某某种条件或努力做成某事）事）is able to/have been able to/will be able to can;be able to can;be able to 2 2.ObligationObligation Im so tired!I have to do the training for at least 10 hours a day!Although Liu Xiang is so gifted in hurdle
6、 raceyet he must work hard to win the gold medal.advisabilitynecessityought to/shouldhave tomust1.We should wear a mask when we go out.2.The virus spreads quickly and widely;we _ wear a mask when we go out.3.I dont want to be infected with the virus;I _ wear a mask.不得不（语气强）;客观;有时态变化必须（语气强）;主观 应该(语气温
7、和）have tomustObligationObligation:ought to/should,have to,must:ought to/should,have to,must Some functions of must Some functions of must A:He must be in,for the light is on.I must see him right now.B:You mustnt come in without a Xikang code.A:Must I have one?B:Yes,you must.(No,you neednt./No,you do
8、nt have to.)A:If you must want it,I ll have to go back for it.B:You neednt go back.You can download one in your Wechat.一定是必须禁止必须不必偏要,非要 疑问，条件表禁止 mustnt,表不必用needntYou mustnt miss the lesson online.I neednt get up early at the weekend.Shi Dongpeng might win a medal at the Olympic Games.Although the ch
9、ance of winning a medal is small,Ill try my best!3 3.CertaintyCertaintyvery uncertainalmost certainmightshouldmust maycould ought towill1.Im not sure./I dont know.She _ be in English class.2.She may not be in English class.She cant be in English class.3.When can I come for the photos?It _ be ready b
10、y 12:00.4.She _ be in English class,for I can hear a lady speaking English.Certainty:might may could should ought to will mustCertainty:might may could should ought to will mustmightpossibleimpossibleexpected to happenmustshouldfairly sure 1.She must be in English class.2.She must be having an Engli
11、sh class.3.She must have finished the Chinese class.The speaker is almost certain that1.she _ in English class.2.she _ an English class.3.she _ the Chinese class.4.she _ the Chinese class yesterday.表推测，must 肯定句；can/could 否定、疑问句；may/might 不用于疑问句Certainty modals+be doing/have doneCertainty modals+be d
12、oing/have doneisis having has finishedfinished May I eat KFC if I win the gold medal?4 4.P Permissionermission 1.-May I watch TV after finishing my homework?-Yes,you may.(No,you may not./No,you _./No,youd better not.)2.-Could I go out to have a walk?-Yes,you _./No,you _.can could may mightinformalfo
13、rmalPermission:can could may mightPermission:can could may mightcancant mustnt Can you help me with my training?will can could wouldinformalformal5 5.Making requestsMaking requests:will can could would:will can could would I dont know how to use this equipment!Shall we do the training in the morning
14、?Its too hot to take exercise in the afternoon.6 6.Making Making suggestions suggestions Some functions of Some functions of shallshall1.第一、三人称,疑问句，征求意见或请示“可不可以”Shall we begin our lesson?Professor,shall the students outside come in?2.第二、三人称，陈述句，警告、命令、威胁、允诺、决心 或法令、规章等的规定“会、必须”You shall fail if you do
15、nt work harder.He shall have the book when I finish it.You shall go to the front at once Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution The rule states that each member shall wear a mask.警告允诺决心规定命令 TranslationTranslationA:我什么时候可以出去？B:根据规定，密切接触者应遵守居家隔离。(observe home quarantine)如果你未经允许出去，你会受到惩罚
16、。A:When shall I be allowed to go out?B:According to the rule,close contacts shall observe home quarantine.You shall get punished if you go out without permission.Dont worry,dear.I will wash them right away.Mom,my dirty clothes have been piled up!I dont have time7 7.Making offersMaking offers “Would
17、you please let me in?I will never do that again.“However,no matter how hard the boy pushed,the door wouldnt open.How he missed the days when they would lie in bed talking until midnight!1.第二人称疑问句第二人称疑问句表示请求，表示请求，would比比will委婉客气。委婉客气。Would you mind closing the door?2.表示表示意志、意志、意愿意愿和决心。和决心。Will you ma
18、rry me?I will give you all happiness if you will marry me.The doctor said he would go to Wuhan to help.3.可可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。“经常、总是经常、总是”Fish will die without water.John will always be late.Some functions of will Some functions of will willshall疑问句疑问句 二二三人称三人称一一三人称三人称含义含义意愿、决心意愿、决心征求意见或请示征求
19、意见或请示例子例子Will you go hiking with me?Shall we go to the park?Will he pay for me?Professor,shall the students come in?称述句称述句 一二三人称一二三人称二三人称二三人称含义含义意愿、决心、倾向、习惯意愿、决心、倾向、习惯警告、允诺、决心、规定警告、允诺、决心、规定例子例子He will come.He shall come.I will define myself.Nothing shall define you.shall shall and will and will 他他愿意
20、来愿意来他必须来他必须来主语决心主语决心说话说话者态度者态度 You should not/ought not to eat so much before running.How delicious!8 8.Giving adviceGiving advice Some functions of Some functions of shouldshould1.should表义务、建议或劝告“应该”You should learn from your mistakes.2.should 表猜测“照说应该，估计，想必”They should be ready later this afternoo
21、n.3.should表惊讶、不满“居然，竟然”I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.A:What should I do?Should I take some outdoor exercise?B:You look tired.You should get more sleep this afternoon.A:It should be a nice day this afternoon.Why should anyone want to stay at home on such a brilliant day
22、?MatchMatch 1.Liu Xiang can run 2.I must work hard.3.Shall we start the training?4.Can you help me with my training?5.Shi Dongpeng might win.6.May I eat KFC?7.You should not/ought not to eat 8.His mother will wash 1.Ability 2.Certainty3.Obligation4.Make suggestions5.Make requests6.Permission7.Make o
23、ffers8.Give advicePracticePractice 1.Even though Id hurt my leg,I swim back to the river bank.A.could B.might C.had to D.was able to2.-It is rather cold here.Shall we light a fire?-No,we because things are easy to catch fire.A.wont B.cant C.mustnt D.neednt 3.Very loud noise make people ill or drive
24、them mad.A.should B.can C.need D.must4.“The interest _ be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides,”declared the judge.A.may B.should C.must D.shallPracticePractice 5.-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure.I _ go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.migh
25、t6.When he was there,he _ go to that coffee shop after work every day.A.would B.should C.had better D.might7.-The room is so dirty._ we clean it?-Of course.A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do8.They left at nine,so they _ home by now.A.might have been B.might arrive C.should have arrived D.should arriveStrategyStrategy 1.Be familiar with different meanings of each modal verb.2.Make a wise judgment based on the context.
