1、定语从句定语从句1.To know about the Attributive Clause2.To learn about and grasp the relative ObjectivesObjectivespronouns 3.To do some practice 一、定语从句及相关概念一、定语从句及相关概念 定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。代词、介词短语等来担任。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。The girl who is
2、standing there is Mary.定语从句定语从句练习：练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当语是由什么充当(形容词、形容词性代词、形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句从句)1.The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.(_)beautiful,形容词形容词;many,数词。数词。2.The wallet on the desk is mine.(_)3.The demanding boss wasnt satisfied
3、 with my work.(_)demanding,现在分词现在分词;my,形容词性代词形容词性代词。on the desk,介词短语介词短语。4.That building being repaired is our library.(_)5.He is one of the students that have been late.(_)being repaired,现在分词短语现在分词短语;our,形形容词性代词容词性代词。one,数词数词;that have been late,定语从句定语从句6.The excited boys burst into cheers.(_)7.A w
4、oman police officer was praised for her good work.(_)woman,名词名词;good,形容词。形容词。excited,过去分词。过去分词。什么是定语什么是定语从句？从句？什么是定语什么是定语从句？从句？在复合句中修在复合句中修饰饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句叫的从句叫定语定语从句从句一、概念一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作在句子中作定语定语)(Attributive clause)Harry Porter is a smart boy.Harry Porter is a boy who has
5、 magic power.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰boy,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表、定（偶）who人主、宾whom人宾whose 人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语二、用法二、用法
6、:These are the trees which/that were planted last year.先先行行词词是是人人关系代词关系代词:who whom whose that which先行词是先行词是物物These are the students who/that won the first place last year.关系词关系词指代人或物指代人或物定语从句中充当的成定语从句中充当的成分分关关系系代代词词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关关系系副副词词whenwherewhy基础知识回顾基础知识回顾人或物人或物物或句子物或句子主语主语、宾语宾语宾语宾语人或物
7、（所属关系）人或物（所属关系）人或物或句子人或物或句子人人人人时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语时间时间地点地点原因原因主语、宾语、主语、宾语、主语、宾语主语、宾语定语定语主语或宾语主语或宾语1.An astronaut is a person who works and travels in space.2.A spacecraft is a vehicle that/which can travel in space.antecedent 先行词先行词relative pronoun 关系代词关系代词who 指人，在从句中做主语指人，在从句中做主语Do you know th
8、e man?He spoke just now.Do you know the man who spoke just now?who 指人，在从句中做宾语，指人，在从句中做宾语，作宾语时可以省略。作宾语时可以省略。Do you know the man who I am looking for?Do you know the man I am looking for?关系代词关系代词 在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语,可省略。可省略。e.g.Do you know the man _we saw at the Beijing Hotel?who/that/whom/不填不填whom指人指人,是是w
9、ho 的宾格，在从句中的宾格，在从句中作宾语作宾语,可省略。可省略。e.g.Do you know the man(whom)we saw at the Beijing Hotel?The girl is from America.I called her just now.The girl(whom)I called just now is from America.which 指物指物,在句中作主语或宾语在句中作主语或宾语,作作宾语时可以省略。宾语时可以省略。e.g.Im not interested in the book which has just been published.I
10、have read the newspaper.It carries the important news.I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.I showed him the letter.I received it this morning I showed him the letter(which)I received this morning.that指人或物，指人或物，在从句中做主语或在从句中做主语或宾语宾语,作宾语时可以省略。作宾语时可以省略。The house that Im going to bu
11、y faces south.Theyre talking about the film.I have seen the film.Theyre talking about the film(that)Ive seen.It was written by Laoshe.Jane has borrowed the book.Jane has borrowed the book that was written by Laoshe.三三.关系代词的用法：关系代词的用法：1.作主语用作主语用who,which或或that,如：如：He is the man who/that lives next do
12、or.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2.作宾语用作宾语用whom,who,which,that 如：如：The man(whom/who/that)we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book(which/that)I bought last week?3.作定语用作定语用whose 如：如：(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance
13、I did not realize at that time.注：注：“whose+名词中心词名词中心词”这一结构在定这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作句），又能作宾语（如上宾语（如上b句）。句）。whose 的先行词常用来的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念概念,这时可以与这时可以与of which互换。互换。Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.四四.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join th
14、e following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质a machine the machineJoin the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质a machine that/which关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.
15、We saw her yesterday.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:Th
16、e girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herTh
17、e girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.
18、We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.that/who/whomThe girl注意避免重复注意避免重复The book is very good.I have read it.五五.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:The book is very good.I have read that/which.The book that/which I have read is very good.The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.先行词和
19、关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw whom yesterday.The girl whom we saw yesterday is Mary.1.The students(who dont study hard)will not pass 先行词先行词 定语从句定语从句the exam.主句主句:The students will not pass the exam.2.The woman(whom you saw in the park)is our 先行词先行词 定语从句定语从句Engl
20、ish teacher.主句主句:The woman is our English teacher.从句的主语从句的主语：you从句的宾语从句的宾语：whom3.A shoe shop is a shop(which sells shoes).主句主句：A shoe shop is a shop.从句的主语从句的主语:which4.The book(that you want)is on the desk.主句主句从句的主语从句的主语:从句的宾语从句的宾语：The book is on the desk.youthat引导定语从句的引导定语从句的关系代词关系代词常见的有常见的有that,whi
21、ch,whowhom等。等。关系代词关系代词放在放在先行词和定语从句之间先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。The man(that/who told us a funny story)is in the next room.主语I lost the book(that/which)you gave me).宾语六六.Checking Timeshe is a girl _ is wearing red skirt.who/thatDongqing(whom/that/who)you want to seehas come to
22、 Tianjin.We all like the dog-is white.that/which I give an apple to her _everyone likes very much.which/thatHe lives in a house-windows face south.whoseThe cake-my mother made this morning is very delicious.(that/which)Titanic is the ship _sank after hitting an iceberg.which/thatZhang Guorong is a p
23、op star_ died in the fall in March,2003.who/that Halloween is a day is also called The eve of All SaintsDay.which 关系词的作用关系词的作用在从句中充当主语或宾语在从句中充当主语或宾语,并且起连接并且起连接作用作用The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which I lost.作主语主语 代替 the man作宾语宾语 代
24、替the book作宾语宾语 代替everythingHave a tryHave a try指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.The b
25、ook that I have read is very good.The boy that is reading the book is Jim.The girl that we saw yesterday is Lily.They planted the trees which didnt need much water.主语主语宾语语主语主语宾语语主语主语The fish which we bought were not fresh.The boy who broke the window is John.The person whom you just talked to is Mr.
26、Li.宾语宾语主语主语宾语宾语归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1)A plane is a machine _ can fly.2)The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3)The students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4)The woman _ you saw inthe park is our English teache
27、r.5)He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.which/thatwhich/that/who/thatwhom/that/that关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习6.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.7.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.8.He likes the cheese.It comes from his parents
28、farm.9.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.10.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.The eggs(that/which)I bought were not fresh.The friend who/that came to supper last night was not hungry.He likes the cheese that/which comes from his parents farm.The noodles(which/that)you cooked were deli
29、cious.I dont like the people that/who smoke a lot.1.The man _came to our school is Mr.Wang.2.The girl _ I met is Lucy.3.A child _parents are dead is called Tom.4.I like the book _ you bought yesterday.5.We shall never forget the days _we spent together.6.I have a room _window faces south.who,thatwho
30、m,that,who,/whosethat,which,/that,which,/whose一.Filling the blanks二二.Corrections:1.The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher.who2.Who is the comrade you just shook hands with him.3.Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.(where which)4.This is the best dictionary which I have
31、 ever used.(which that)5.The house where we live in is not very large.(where which/that)6.The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up inthe earthquake.“介词关系代词介词关系代词”即即“介词介词whom/which”引引导定语从句应注意：导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined
32、 the army.2)I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3)I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4)I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday,_ most people had had supper.on whichduring whichin whichby which三.介词关系代词介词关系代词.与谓语动词的搭配习惯与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid29 US doll
33、ars?2)Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3)Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4)Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which用适当的介词和关系词完成下面句子用适当的介词和关系词完成下面句子Homework:用介词关系代词填空用介词关系代词填空1 The boy was staying in the room _window he could climb down.
34、2.Hes the man _ I learnt the news.3.Whos the comrade _ you just shookhands.4.There are 52 students in our class,_nearly 40 are League members.5.I know a lady the husband _ is a Nobel Prize winner.6.Do you know the driver who caused the traffic accident _ a man was killed.7.This is the way _ she stud
35、ies English.through whosefrom whomwith whomof whomof whomin whichin which 8.The 5 yuan_ he bought the book was given by his friend.9.The story about Shakespeare,_ this is one example,is well written.10.The old man always wears his glasses _ _ he cant see anything.11.The key_ she was opening the door broke.12.The library _ we often go on Sundays is not far from our school.13.No one know the reason _ she is leaving so early.14.At last they came to a river _ a new bridge is being built.for whichof whichwithoutwhichwith whichto whichfor whichover which
