1、 By Wang Lanying Foreign Language DepartmentThe Formation of Medial Vocabulary医学词汇构词法i11V1 A Course of Learning English for Medical PurposesI.Target1.Mastering medical language:vocabulary and discourse level learning2.Practical application of medical communication:speaking and writing with ML医学词汇构词法
2、i11V2I.Target3.Nurture the sense of stylistic researchII.Methodology 1.Acquire the knowledge of word formation2.Understand the medical language traits through reading3.Observe and summarize the stylistic features4.Active and energetic learning under the teachers guide医学词汇构词法i11V3III.Course Arrangeme
3、nt1.72 Teaching periods,4/week2.Eight Units this term3.Required course and exam4.Term achievements:based on assignments,quiz,class response,and final exam dynamically医学词汇构词法i11V4 Davi-Ellen Chamber says:Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language.The words at first sound strang
4、e and complicated although they may stand for commonly known English terms.The words gastralgia,meaning“stomach ache”,and ophthalmologist,meaning e y e d o c t o r ,a r e e x a m p l e s.The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term,complex or simple,can be broken down into its bas
5、ic component parts and then understood.What is medical language?医学词汇构词法i11V5Basic elements of medical wordsMost medical words are made from a combination of the following elements:the part of the word that we shall call the base(root/stem)because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word
6、,prefixes and suffixes,and vowels(o/a)that join all these parts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45letters)医学词汇构词法i11V6Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust.医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptoms include hyper
7、ventilation,coughing,dysphonia(发声困难),anorexia(厌食),chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis 医学词汇构词法i11V7Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology.1.To analyze words structurally.Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots,suffixes,prefixes,comb
8、ining vowels,and combining forms.gastr /o/enter/o/logyrootrootsuffixCombining form医学词汇构词法i11V8Electr/o/cardi/o/gramrootrootroot心电图医学词汇构词法i11V9Combining formsprefixessuffixescyt/o :cellderm/o :skinbi/o :lifeaden/o :glandarthr/o:jointnephr/o :kidneyhepat/o:liverleuk/o :whiteoste/o:boneepi-:abovemulti-
9、:manypoly-:manyex-:outendo-:insidetrans-:acrosshyper-:excessivehypo-:deficient-emia :blood condition-ectomy:excision-gram:record-cyte:cell-scope:instrument fro visually exam-itis:inflammation-ist:person specialized in-logy:process of study-oma:tumor-osis:abnormal condition-tomy:cutting医学词汇构词法i11V102
10、.To correlate an understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy,physiology,and disease processes of the human body.Such as hemat/o/logy means the study of the blood.3.To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems.Hepatoma:tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤Hematoma:blood tumor 血肿医学词汇构词法i
11、11V11OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy:process of cutting upgastrectomy:removal of the stomacharthrotomy:incision of a jointleukemia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白细胞增多Necrosis 坏死Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多The Roles of Pronunciation医学词汇
12、构词法i11V12Medical Terminology Systems Organs Tissues CellsEndocrine syst.Reproductive syst.Mastery of Medical Words医学词汇构词法i11V13OrgansTissuesCells医学词汇构词法i11V14Distribution of vocabulary in medical literatureEssential voc.Popular science voc.Medical terms医学词汇构词法i11V15The 2nd category(15%):hepatitis,ap
13、pendicitis,encephalopathy,immunodeficiency syndromeThe 3rd category(15%):distill,dilute,dissolve,filtration,magnetization,dynamics,meteorology,pigmentation The 1st category 70%:comment,investigate,studyDistribution of vocabulary医学词汇构词法i11V16Medical Terminology I.Conversion II.derivativeIII.Compoundi
14、ngopportunist 条件致病菌physiology/-ist/-gic asymptoma atic antivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis 放射免疫电泳医学词汇构词法i11V17 I.Conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇；opportunist;sympathetic block 交感神经阻滞术,sympathetic nerve,sympathomimetic 拟交感神经药；capsule 胶囊药,被膜 Reservoir 贮主(zhu)To protect trachea from collapsing the uncompro
15、mised host 不易受感染的宿主 space occupying lesion 占位性病变医学词汇构词法i11V18Derivatives Prefix:ir-il-im-mis-irregularity,irresistable illegal,illiterate immature immobile immodest immorality misbehavior mislead misfortune misstate mismanage医学词汇构词法i11V19 Prefix Dis/dys-dishonest dysphonia disorder dyspnea disease i
16、n-inexperienced insufficiency inadequate inactivated医学词汇构词法i11V20un-unconditioned reflex 非条件反射undifferentiated cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸unstable angina 不稳定型心绞痛 医学词汇构词法i11V21 none-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstress testnonulcer dyspepsianonspecific i
17、mmunitynonsense mutationnonself 非抽烟者 非电解质 无应激实验 非溃疡性消化不良 非特异性免疫 无义突变 非自我的医学词汇构词法i11V22 ex-exclusion excretion exhale ex-president ex-wife exclude 排斥 排泄 呼气 前总统 前妻 排除在外医学词汇构词法i11V23 Suffix:n.reliance resistance existence coldness consciousness decision collision inclusion treatment encouragement Adj.g
18、enerous continuous miscellaneous congenital conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially 医学词汇构词法i11V24 V.-en.(a.+en)whiten widen fasten(tie)lengthen shorten worsen weaken brighten lighten -al n.survival refusal arrival proposal withdrawal removal(but not:compose,compromise)医学词汇构词法i
19、11V25Compounds Roots Organs and their rootsliver hepato/a-lung pulmono-kidney reno-/nephro-heart cardio-nerve neuro-spleen splen(o)brain cerebro-head cephal(o)eye ophthalm/skin dermo-ear oto-(otology)chest thorac/o-arteri/o artery vaso vessel医学词汇构词法i11V26 nose naso-/nasoantritis 鼻上颌窦炎 throat laryngo
20、-Laryngitis 喉炎 Pharynx 咽 Pharyng(o)-Pharyngectomy 咽切除 描述人体器官方位：Anterior anterior band of colon 结肠前带 posterior posterior teeth 后牙 superior superior vena cava 上腔静脉 inferior inferior thyroid artery 甲状腺下动脉医学词汇构词法i11V27 inter-(between)interatrial 房间的 intra-(inside)intracellular endo-(intra-)endocarditis
21、poly-(many,much)polyarthritis multi-(many,much)-multicuspid 多尖的 hyper-(high,extra)hypertension hypo-(low,less)hypotension homo-(same)homolateral同侧的 homograft hetero-(different)heteroantigen 异种抗原 dys-(not)dysplasia发育不良医学词汇构词法i11V28 dyspnea 呼吸困难 dysphonia 发声困难 counter-对抗，抑制 countercurrent 逆流 counterba
22、lance 等衡 psycho-精神/心理 psychology psychiatry psychobiology thrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎Thromboendocarditis血栓性心内膜炎 meningo-脑膜，脑脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis 脑脊膜脑脊髓炎医学词汇构词法i11V29 lympho-lymphocytopenia 淋巴细胞减少 radio-radionuclide-angiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影术 immuno-immunosuppression electro-electro
23、synthesis 电合成 staphylo-葡萄，悬雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素 staphyloplasty 悬雍垂成形术医学词汇构词法i11V30 Strepto-Streptococcus Streptomycin Osteo bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤 Lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lumbocostal 腰肋的 Suffix:-itis(inflammation)hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis endocarditis
24、 panarthritis 多发性关节炎 医学词汇构词法i11V31-ectomy(removal)splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy-graphy（照像术）cephalography 测颅术 cardiography 心动描记法-gram 照片 cardiogram 心动图-scope(glass)ophthalmoscope stethoscope microscope telescope microscope telescope医学词汇构词法i11V32-cyte(cell)leukocyte myocyte-coccus 球菌球菌 staphy
25、lococci 葡萄球菌 meningococci pneumococci streptococci-logy(science)Psychology Sociology Pathology Pharmacology -ist (scientist)Physiologist-cian physician,pediatrician technician医学词汇构词法i11V33 clinician-oma(neoplasm)瘤 hepatoarcinoma adenoma 腺瘤-emia-imia血症 leukemia lipidemia 脂血症 erythroblastemia 成红细胞血症 -
26、pathy(disease)pathophysiology myopathy 肌病-osis 异常，增多 leukocytosis erythroblastosis 成红细胞增多 -ia (condition)otitis media otoneuralgia 耳神经痛医学词汇构词法i11V34 hypogammaglobulinemia cytomegalovirus mononuclear leukocytosis osteomyelitis encephalitis meningitis 低丙种球蛋白血症 细胞巨化病毒 单核细胞增多 白细胞增多,骨髓炎 脑炎 脑膜炎Test Yourselves医学词汇构词法i11V35PoliomyelitisImmunocytochemistryImmunosuppressionLymphoproliferative syndromesLymphoangiologyLymphangiotomylymphangiosarcoma 脊髓灰质炎 免疫细胞化学 免疫抑制 淋巴细胞增生性 综合症 淋巴管学 淋巴管切开术 淋巴管肉瘤医学词汇构词法i11V36Thank you for your attention !医学词汇构词法i11V37
