1、Unit 1 grammarNon-defining attributive clauses01CREATIVE PORTFOLIO02Q1.What do“where”,“which”and“when”refer to in each sentence?CREATIVE PORTFOLIO03Q1.What do“where”,“which”and“when”refer to in each sentence?CREATIVE PORTFOLIO03Q2.Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which
2、 with extra information?If you take away the clauses,do the sentences still make sense?The two sentences still make sense.The meaning of it will be incomplete.CREATIVE PORTFOLIO03Q3.Which clauses are separated by a comma,the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information?05CREATI
3、VE PORTFOLIOPeople sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs,looking through old magazines,all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.I speak with the on-duty nurse,who tells me that Laras parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.We have to be very sensitive and work
4、 closely with the doctors and nurses,who keep us updated on each patient.04限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：1.1.功能和形式不同功能和形式不同限制性定语从句的主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，从句对先行词的意义进行修饰、限定和识别，如果把从句去掉，句意就会发生变化，甚至不能成立；My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.（限制性定语从句）（限制性定语从句）除了在上海工作的姐姐，还有其他姐
5、姐，需要限定。从句删去后，会表意不明。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。CREATIVE PORTFOLIO06My sister,who works in Shanghai,sends me an email almost every day.我姐姐在上海工作，几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。（非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）我只有一个姐姐，我只有一个姐姐，不需要限定不需要限定。删去删去从句后从句后，句意依然明确句意依然明确。CREATIVE PORTFOLIO2.翻译不同翻译不同限制性定语从句翻译时，要译在它所修饰的先行词之前。非限制性定语从句通常与主句分开翻译。He is th
6、e man whose car was stolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。Ive invited Mary,who lives in the next flat.我邀请了Mary，她就住在隔壁。Translate the following sentences and compare.(1)Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.Charles Smith 去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。(2)They rely on themselves,which is much better.他们
7、依靠自己，这样好的多。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。(3)My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。(4)He is the man whose car was stolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。Translate the following sentences and compare.(1)Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired las
8、t year.Charles Smith 去年退休了，去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。他曾经是我的老师。(2)They rely on themselves,which is much better.他们依靠自己，这样好的多。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。(3)My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。天都给我发电子邮件。(4)He is the man whose car was stolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。他就是汽车被窃的那个人
9、。翻译对比小结翻译对比小结1)1)非限制性定语从句通非限制性定语从句通常译成常译成主句的并列句主句的并列句；2)2)限制性定语从句译成限制性定语从句译成先行词的定语：先行词的定语：“的的 ”。CREATIVE PORTFOLIO3.先行词不同先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词常常是名词或代词；Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。He who laughs last,laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。先行词是代词先行词是名词CREATIVE PORTFOLIO12非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是
10、名词或代词，也可以是短语或整个句子。Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.Charles Smith去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。They rely on themselves,which is much better.他们依靠自己，这样好得多。先行词是名词先行词是名词CREATIVE PORTFOLIO12同限制性定语从句一样，同限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句也可非限制性定语从句也可由由关系代词/关系副词引导，但从句中的引导，但从句中的关系词不可省略关系词不可省略，关系代词，关系代词that和关系副词和关系副
11、词why不可用于非限制性定语从句不可用于非限制性定语从句。(1)St Petersburg,which is a very beautiful city,was once called Leningrad.(2)Yesterday I met Li Ping,who seemed to be very busy.(3)He came to the United States in 1914,when World Warbroke out.(4)Singapore,where I have lived for ten years,is a nice place.(5)The Queen will
12、 visit the town in May,when she will open the new hospital.CREATIVE PORTFOLIO12as 可以像可以像which 一样引导一个定语从句一样引导一个定语从句修饰整个先行主句修饰整个先行主句，而不是某一个单词，常常可以译为而不是某一个单词，常常可以译为“正如，正像；这正如，正像；这”，而，而which 一般译为一般译为“这这”；as是关系词中是关系词中唯一可以置于句首唯一可以置于句首的关系词。的关系词。(1)Taiwan belongs to China,as is known.众所周知众所周知，台湾是属于中国的。，台湾是属
13、于中国的。(2)Things will turn out contrary to ones wishes,as/which is often the case.事与愿违，事与愿违，这这是常有的事。是常有的事。(3)As the saying goes,“A years work begins with Spring.”正如正如俗语所说，一年之计在于春。俗语所说，一年之计在于春。CREATIVE PORTFOLIO12介词+关系代词也可引导也可引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句但在这种定语从句中，但在这种定语从句中，介词通常前置，关系代词也不可省介词通常前置，关系代词也不可省略略。(1)The
14、 car,for which I paid a lot of money,is now out of date.(2)I suggest you go to a specialist,from whom you can get answers to most of your questions.(3)In this chapter,one of our problems is to discover the principles on which these tests are based.CREATIVE PORTFOLIO123.名词/代词/数词+of+whom/which引导的非限制性定
15、语从句。引导的非限制性定语从句。注：注：whose+n.(人人/物物)=the+n.+of whom/which=of whom/which+the+n.(1)Many young people,most of whom were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏，江苏，23)(2)This is the house,the window of which broke last night.(3)The people,all of whose homes had been damaged
16、by the flood,were given help by the Red Cross.(1)This is the photo_ I took.(2)This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.(3)She is the woman _ I know.(4)This is the book _ you asked for.(5)Thats the reason _ he is leaving so early.(6)The shed in our garden,_ my father built many years ago,has lasted for
17、a long time.(7)She married Joe,_ surprised everyone.(8)The river,_ is now clean enough to swim in,was polluted several years ago.(9)The author of the book,_ I met at a party last week,proved to be a well-known journalist.Fill in the blanks and compare.(which/that)(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/whi
18、ch)why whichwhichwhichwhom(1)This is the photo_ I took.(2)This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.(3)She is the woman _ I know.(4)This is the book _ you asked for.(5)Thats the reason _ he is leaving so early.(which/that)(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)why(6)The shed in our garden,_ my father bu
19、ilt many years ago,has lasted for a long time.(7)She married Joe,_ surprised everyone.(8)The river,_ is now clean enough to swim in,was polluted several years ago.(9)The author of the book,_ I met at a party last week,proved to be a well-known journalist.whichwhichwhichwhom引导词对比小结引导词对比小结1)1)关系代词关系代词
20、thatthat不能引不能引导非限制性定语从句；导非限制性定语从句；2)2)非限制性定语从句的非限制性定语从句的关系代词关系代词在任何情况下在任何情况下都都不可省略不可省略；3)3)关系副词关系副词whywhy不引导非不引导非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句。Fill in the blanks and compare.05CREATIVE PORTFOLIO 05CREATIVE PORTFOLIOGo for a walk in the countryside,where you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.
21、05CREATIVE PORTFOLIOSpend time with your family and friends,which will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.05CREATIVE PORTFOLIOClose your eyes and picture the future,where youve made your dreams come true.0909One day,Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson go camping.They put up their te
22、nt under the stars and go to sleep.Suddenly,in the middle of the night,Watson is woken up by Holmes1_.“Watson,”Holmes says,“look up at the stars,and tell me what they tell you.Not quite sure what he means,Watson thinks Holmes is joking 2_,who is lying next to him,which he finds annoying09at this tim
23、e of night.Even so,he replies,“I see millions of stars and its quite likely there are some planets like Earth.And if so,this means that there might also be life on other planets.”Watson is pleased with his answer 3_.But Holmes,which he thinks will impress Holmes4_ shouts,“Watson,look around you!Use your eyes!Somebodys stolen our tent!”,who has lost his patience by now
