1、1.a dog that is defeated by other dogs 被其他狗打败的一只狗被其他狗打败的一只狗 defeat vt.to win a victory over someone in a war,competition,game etc(在在比赛、战争比赛、战争中中)战胜战胜，打败打败 e.g.I think Jack can defeat all the other runners.defeat n.C,U failure to win or succeed失败失败；战胜，击败；战胜，击败e.g.a big/bad defeat 大败大败 a narrow defeat
2、 惜败惜败 suffer a defeat 遭遇失败遭遇失败 admit defeat 认输认输win,beat&defeatdefeat/beat宾语为对手时，两者可通用宾语为对手时，两者可通用 beat多用于竞争、比赛、辩论等多用于竞争、比赛、辩论等defat的宾语通常是敌人的宾语通常是敌人win表示在竞争中取得胜利表示在竞争中取得胜利 不能接人，但可说不能接人，但可说win sb.over(把某人争取过来把某人争取过来)宾语多是宾语多是game,match,race,election,prize等等【语境应用语境应用】用用win或或defeat的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1)Clas
3、s One _ Class Five at the football match on Friday.2)Who _ yesterday,Jenny or Alice?defeatedwon2.During all those hours of doing jump shots on his own,he used Bogues as his inspiration.在他自己练跳投的那段时间里，他把博格斯作为自己的激励在他自己练跳投的那段时间里，他把博格斯作为自己的激励者。者。inspiration n.a good idea about what you should do,write,sa
4、y etc,especially one which you get suddenly 激励激励，鼓舞；灵感，鼓舞；灵感 a person,experience,place etc that gives you new ideas for something you do 给给人以灵感的人人以灵感的人/物物inspire v.鼓舞；赋予灵感；使产生鼓舞；赋予灵感；使产生(情感情感)inspire sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事inspired adj.受受影响的影响的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的鼓舞人心的,激励人的激励人的【语境应用语境应用】翻译下面句子。翻译
5、下面句子。1)他他说过的话激励着我更加努力地工作说过的话激励着我更加努力地工作。2)这位老师正在和他的学生谈话，希望能这位老师正在和他的学生谈话，希望能使他们使他们有自信有自信。3)他的妻子给予了他第一部小说的灵感他的妻子给予了他第一部小说的灵感。What he said inspired me to work harder.The teacher is talking with his students,hoping to inspire them with self-confidence/self-confidence in them.His wife inspired his first
6、 novel.3.Paul had to try out many times just for making the team.保罗为了入选球队，不得不多次争取。保罗为了入选球队，不得不多次争取。try out for sth.:to try to be chosen as a member of a team,for a part in a play etc 争取成为；参加选拔争取成为；参加选拔 【拓展拓展】与与try相关的短语相关的短语 try out 试用，试验，测试试用，试验，测试 try for 立志要，争取，谋求立志要，争取，谋求 try on 试穿试穿(衣物衣物)try one
7、s best 尽力尽力【语境应用语境应用】用用try的相关短语完成的相关短语完成句子。句子。1)I heard they failed again.Yeah,but they are _ a new method.2)Several pairs of shoes were _,but none of them were satisfactory.3)He _ the Olympic 100 meters squad.他参加了奥运会百米赛跑的选拔。他参加了奥运会百米赛跑的选拔。trying outtried ontried out for4.Everyone knew Paul had real
8、 skills,and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team.大家都知道保罗有真本事，他真的非常卖力，而且有着为球大家都知道保罗有真本事，他真的非常卖力，而且有着为球队效力的强烈愿望。队效力的强烈愿望。【句式分析句式分析】Paul had real skills,and was someone who worked really hard是省略了是省略了that的宾语从句，作的宾语从句，作knew的宾的宾语；语；and连接并列成分连接并列成分had real skills和
9、和was someone。宾语。宾语从句中，从句中，who worked really hard是是who引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，修饰修饰someone。desire n.a strong hope or wish 渴望渴望;欲望欲望 vt.to want something very much 渴望渴望，期望期望e.g.Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires?His boss desires him to finish the report within three days.
10、【归纳归纳】n.have a desire to do/for sth.有做某事的欲望有做某事的欲望 have no desire to do sth.不想做某事不想做某事 v.desire to do sth.渴望做某事渴望做某事注意注意：desire后接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用后接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形动词原形”，should可以省略。可以省略。e.g.The manager desired that you(should)complete the work in one week.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)Sam is
11、a young man who has _ _ _ _ _(强烈的强烈的权力欲权力欲).2)I have long _ _ _ _(渴望渴望见到他们见到他们).3)I desire that you _ _ _(努力工作努力工作).a strong desire for powerdesired to meet themshould work hard5.Suddenly,a player and I crashed into each other.突然，我和一个球员撞到了一起。突然，我和一个球员撞到了一起。crash vi.&vt.to hit something or someone ex
12、tremely hard while moving,in a way that causes a lot of damage or makes a lot of noise 猛撞猛撞 to have an accident in a car,plane etc by violently hitting something else（汽车、飞机）碰撞，撞击，汽车、飞机）碰撞，撞击，撞毁撞毁 if a computer crashes,or if you crash the computer,it suddenly stops working 计算机计算机出故障，出故障，崩溃崩溃e.g.Amazi
13、ngly,he survived when the plane crashed into the sea.A ball came crashing through the window.Yesterday I was surfing the Internet when the computer crashed.crash n.an accident in which a vehicle violently hits something else 汽车汽车、飞机）碰撞，、飞机）碰撞，坠毁坠毁a sudden loud noise made by something falling,breakin
14、g etc 哗哗啦啦声，碰撞声，碰撞声声an occasion when a computer or computer system suddenly stops working 计算机计算机出故障，出故障，崩溃崩溃when the value of a countrys businesses suddenly falls by a large amount（商业）失败，商业）失败，凋敝凋敝e.g.It is the worst train crash in twenty years.There was a loud crash from the kitchen five minutes ag
15、o.Many important files were lost because of frequent crashes of the computer system.With the crash of the company,most of the workers lost their jobs.【语境应用语境应用】写出下面句子中画线单词的词性及中文释义。写出下面句子中画线单词的词性及中文释义。1)The man was seriously injured in a car crash._ _2)The thunder crashed._ _3)The data can be lost if
16、 the system suddenly crashes._ _4)The great financial crash in 1929 ruined international trade._ _名词名词 （汽车，飞机）碰撞，坠毁（汽车，飞机）碰撞，坠毁动词动词 发出发出巨响巨响动词动词 计算机出故障，崩溃计算机出故障，崩溃名词名词（商业）失败，凋敝商业）失败，凋敝6.The team gathered around,looking worried.队员们围拢过来，看上去都很担心。队员们围拢过来，看上去都很担心。gather vi.&vt.to come together and form a
17、 group,or to make people do this 聚集聚集，集合集合 to get things from different places and put them together in one place 收集收集 【归纳归纳】gather round/around 聚集，集合聚集，集合 gather together 聚集起来，合拢聚集起来，合拢 gather in 收割，收获收割，收获 gather speed/force加快速度加快速度/加大力量加大力量e.g.We gathered the children around us and sang songs.Foo
18、tball fans gathered around the TV in the corner of the bar.【拓展拓展】gathering n.聚会；搜集聚会；搜集 gather与与collectgather集合、聚会，指从各处聚集而来。集合、聚会，指从各处聚集而来。collect有目的、有选择并系统性地收集，侧重于有目的、有选择并系统性地收集，侧重于“精精心地、有选择性地收集心地、有选择性地收集”。【语境应用语境应用】根据汉语意思完成句子。根据汉语意思完成句子。1)我收拾行李的我收拾行李的时候时候Tony就就在一旁等待。在一旁等待。Tony waited when _.2)孩子们聚
19、集在一间屋子里，等待着他们孩子们聚集在一间屋子里，等待着他们的礼物的礼物。The kids _waiting for their gifts.3.你应该积蓄力量，为这个艰难形势做好准备。你应该积蓄力量，为这个艰难形势做好准备。You should _ to prepare yourself for this difficult situation.gather your strengthI gathered up my luggagegathered together in a room7.“I dont think I can play anymore,coach.”“我觉得我不能再打了，教
20、练。我觉得我不能再打了，教练。”not anymore:not any longer 不再不再 e.g.Then the government built a new railway line,so they didnt need the camels any more.【拓展拓展】no more=notanymoreno longer=not any longer表示数量和程度，一般常修饰短暂性动词，指某动作不再重表示数量和程度，一般常修饰短暂性动词，指某动作不再重复发生，它所表达的是复发生，它所表达的是never again或或“没有更多没有更多”的含义。的含义。【语境应用语境应用】翻译句
21、子翻译句子/一句多译。一句多译。1)我做了错事，但我确信以后再也不会了。我做了错事，但我确信以后再也不会了。I made a mistake,but Im sure I wont do it anymore.2)他不再是学生了。他不再是学生了。He is no more a student.=He is not a student any more.8.I said quietly as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee.我平静地说，这时医生在我的膝盖上放了一个冰袋。我平静地说，这时医生在我的膝盖上放了一个冰袋。pack n.something wra
22、pped in paper or packed in a box and then sent by post or taken somewhere 包包，包裹包裹 e.g.The climber carried some food in a pack on his back.pack vi.&vt.to put things into cases,bags etc ready for a trip somewhere 把把包起来包起来e.g.You go and pack your things.My things are all packed.pack up 将（东西）装箱打包，收拾行李将（
23、东西）装箱打包，收拾行李e.g.It was only 5 a.m.,but my mother had already packed up.【语境应用语境应用】汉译英。汉译英。1)所有所有这些书都要被装进箱子里这些书都要被装进箱子里。2)妈妈通常在鞋外面包层纸来保护它们妈妈通常在鞋外面包层纸来保护它们。All these books need to be packed into boxes.Mother usually packs paper round the shoes to protect them.3)士兵们不得不背着沉重的包裹穿过好几士兵们不得不背着沉重的包裹穿过好几英里英里高低不
24、平的高低不平的路面。路面。4)Mark已经已经辞掉工作周游世界去了。辞掉工作周游世界去了。Soldiers had to carry their heavy packs for miles across rough ground.Mark has packed his job in,and gone off round the world.9.“I wont let you down!”Paul said.“我不会让你失望的！我不会让你失望的！”保罗说。保罗说。let sb.down:to fail to give help or support to(someone who needs or
25、 expects it)使失望，使失望，辜负（别人的信任或期望）辜负（别人的信任或期望）e.g.If you dont bring a birthday present to Lucy,you may let her down.Thank you for reminding me.Surely Ill buy her one this evening.let in 让让进来进来let out 允许允许离开；发出（叫声）；结束离开；发出（叫声）；结束，下课，下课let go 放手，松开放手，松开let sb.go 释放某人，放走某人释放某人，放走某人let alone 更不用说，更谈不让（多用于
26、更不用说，更谈不让（多用于否定句否定句之后）之后）let alone 不要管（惹、碰等）；不打扰不要管（惹、碰等）；不打扰，不，不惊动惊动【语境应用语境应用】完成完成句子。句子。1)The whole team count on Messi,and he seldom _.整个队都指望着梅西整个队都指望着梅西,他很少让他们失望。他很少让他们失望。2)He refused to admit his mistake,_ apologize to us for it.他拒绝承认错误他拒绝承认错误,更不用说为此而向我们道歉了。更不用说为此而向我们道歉了。3)Open the window and _
27、some fresh air.打开窗户，让新鲜的空气进来。打开窗户，让新鲜的空气进来。let them downlet alonelet in10.And clearly,all the extra hours that hed spent practising alone paid off.很明显，他所付出的额外的单独训练都得到了回报。很明显，他所付出的额外的单独训练都得到了回报。【句式分析句式分析】that hed spent practising alone 为定语从句，为定语从句，修饰先行词修饰先行词extra hours。spend time(in)doing sth.花时间做某事花
28、时间做某事e.g.The expert spent a lot of time(in)doing researches.pay off:(of a risky policy,course of action,etc)bring good results;be successful;work 取得成功取得成功;奏效奏效e.g.My hard work finally paid off when they called me for an interview(面试面试).pay off:pay in full(money owed for sth.)偿清偿清，付清，付清e.g.Though wor
29、king very hard,he couldnt make enough money to pay off his debts.pay off:pay the wages of sb.and dismiss him from a job 付清付清工工资后解雇（某人）资后解雇（某人）e.g.The affair indicates that more employees will be paid off before long.注意：注意：pay off“取得成功；奏效取得成功；奏效”，物作主语，物作主语 “偿清，付清偿清，付清”，人作主语，人作主语【拓展拓展】pay短语短语 pay for
30、sth.为某事吃苦头或受惩罚为某事吃苦头或受惩罚;花钱买花钱买某物某物 pay back 偿还偿还;报复报复 pay attention to 注意注意 pay a visit to 访问访问 pay out (为某事为某事)付出大笔款项付出大笔款项 pay down（分期或部分）支付；偿还（分期或部分）支付；偿还 pay up 付清全部欠款付清全部欠款【语境应用语境应用】用用pay的短语动词完成句子。的短语动词完成句子。1)All her hard work _ in the end she passed the exam!2)I will _ the book whatever the p
31、rice.3)How can I _ you _ for all your kindness?4)I _ Mr.and Mrs.Smith yesterday afternoon.pay for paid offpay backpaid a visit to11.The other team just couldnt keep up with his energy and speed.另一支队简直无法跟上他的力量和速度。另一支队简直无法跟上他的力量和速度。keep up with:to manage to do as much or as well as other people 跟上，保持跟
32、上，保持同步同步 e.g.They could not keep up with us when we climbed the mountain.【拓展拓展】keep短语短语 keep down 限制；控制限制；控制keep off 挡住；（使）避开挡住；（使）避开 keep on 继续（干）；坚持（干继续（干）；坚持（干）keep up 继续下去，保持继续下去，保持keep away from(doing)sth.阻止某人（做）某事阻止某人（做）某事keep out 留在外面，不进入留在外面，不进入keep back 阻止；抑制；隐瞒阻止；抑制；隐瞒“v.+up with”结构的短语结构的短
33、语come up with 提出，想出（无被动语态提出，想出（无被动语态和进行和进行时态）时态）catch up with 赶上，追上（前面的人）；赶上，追上（前面的人）；赶上（其他人的水平）赶上（其他人的水平）end up with 以以结束结束 put up with 容忍容忍，忍受，忍受make up with 与与和解和解/和好和好break up with 与与分手分手【语境应用语境应用】用用keep短语完成句子。短语完成句子。1)In some parks,visitors are requested to _ the grass.2)Julie is one of those w
34、omen who always _ the latest fashions.3)The children could not _ their voices _ during class breaks.4.He _ smoking after the doctor told him to stop.keep offkeep up withkeepkept on down12.“youve just earned your place on the team,big guy!”“你刚才已经赢得了你在球队的一席之地，大个子！你刚才已经赢得了你在球队的一席之地，大个子！”earn vt.to rece
35、ive money as payment for work that you do;to get something that you deserve 赢得赢得；博得博得 e.g.He soon earned the respect of the players.Albert Einstein got a job in an office to earn his living.earn a reputation 赢得声誉赢得声誉earn ones respect=earn the respect of sb.赢得某人的尊敬赢得某人的尊敬earn ones/a living 谋生（谋生（=make a living）earn a fortune 挣大钱挣大钱earn money 挣钱（挣钱（=make money）【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)你当护士挣钱并不多。你当护士挣钱并不多。You dont _ being a nurse.2)我认为那一点为他赢得了极高的赞誉。我认为那一点为他赢得了极高的赞誉。I think thats _ admiration.3)他为谋生什么活都干。他为谋生什么活都干。He did all sorts of jobs to _.earn much moneyearned him very highearn a living
