1、Period 5Focus on Language语法精练Unit 1Life Choices1.Learn about to do不定式and-ed/-ing形容词.2.Do some exercises to strengthen the grammar.语法一：动词不定式动词不定式是_的一种，它没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作_。其基本构成是_，（有时to可以省略）。其否定形式：_。不定式有形式和语态变化，一般式的被动式为：_非谓语动词to动词原形谓语not to动词原形to be done1.作主语观察例句，归纳用法(1)A
2、s the saying goes,“To see is to believe”.正如谚语所说：“眼见为实”。To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can seek.爱与被爱是一个人所能寻求的最大幸福。归纳：动词不定式作主语时，表示_。谓语动词用_。具体的行为或将来的行为单数(2)It took me half an hour to work out the difficult math problem.我花了半个小时才解出这道数学难题。归纳：为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作_放在句首，将不定式置于句末。形式主语(3)It is
3、 friendly of Mr Smith to make me feel at home in his house.史密斯先生很友好，在他家里他让我有宾至如归的感觉。Its challenging for him to complete the task ahead of schedule.对他来说提前完成这项任务很有挑战性。归纳：在以上It is adj.+for/of sb.to do句式中。如说明不定式表示的动作的发出者的话,用_；若形容词是说明逻辑主语的性质、品质时，要用_如：It is adj.+for sb.to do sth.It is adj.+of sb.to do sth
4、.2.作表语根据汉语提示补全句子The aim of the activity is _ peoples awareness of environmental protection.活动的目的是为了提高人们的环保意识。My wish is _ in October in 2023 to experience its rich culture.我的愿望是在2023年的10月份去中国，去体验一番它丰富多彩的文化。to promote to go to China 归纳：不定式用在_后作表语，其主语的中心词通常是aim，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，wish等，不定
5、式往往说明主语的具体内容，且含有_。系动词将来意义3.作宾语观察例句，归纳用法(1)We tend to do what we are good at and enjoy.我们倾向于去做我们擅长和喜欢的事情。I expect to update my knowledge and get ahead this term.在这一学期，我期盼着更新知识，取得进步。归纳：不定式可以直接作及物动词的_，常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：_宾语 agree，choose，decide，demand，expect，fail，hope，learn，plan，prepare，promise，refuse，tend.
6、(2)Actually,I think it necessary for all the countries in the world to work together to build a peaceful world.实际上，我认为世界各国很有必要团结起来，共同建造一个和平的世界。归纳：不定式用在句式“主语v.itadj./n.to do sth.”中，其中it为_，to do sth.为_。能用于这一句型的动词有：_。形式宾语真正的宾语believe，consider，feel，find，make，suppose，think.(3)We could do nothing but/othe
7、r than wait.除了等待我们别无他法。They had no choice but to take up the challenging task and try to meet their expectations.他们别无选择只能接受这项具有挑战性的任务，尽量去满足他们的期望。归纳：动词不定式用在介词_后时，如果介词前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式_，反之就要带to,常见结构如：have nothing to do but _/have no choice but _but，other than不带to do to do4.作定语(1)Attention，please
8、.I have something important to say.请注意，我有重要的事情要说。Give me a piece of paper to write on.给我一张写字的纸。归纳：动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词_;如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的_。后面介词(2)根据汉语提示补全句子She is hard-working and is always _.她很勤奋，每天总是第一个来。After staying in China for 3 years，Mr Green _.在中国待了3年后，格林先生能够说汉语了。Your way _ is differen
9、t from mine.你解决这个问题的方法与我的不同。the first one to come every dayhas the ability tospeak Chineseto solve the problem归纳：常用不定式做定语的几种情况：当中心词为_、最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定式作定语；当被修饰的词是ability，effort，chance，promise，way等是_时；序数词抽象名词5.作状语根据汉语提示完成句子_，he has been working very hard.为了赶上别人，他一直在非常努力地工作。_ the
10、 task in time，we work late into the night every day.为了能及时完成任务，我们每天工作到深夜。To keep up with othersTo/In order to finishThe Californian ship arrived too late _.加利福尼亚邮轮到达得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。_ that a four-year-old boy could sing so well.看到一个4岁的孩子能唱这么好，我感到很惊讶。归纳：不定式作状语多表示_等。表示原因、结果时一般不放于_。不定式作_，常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词
11、后，如glad，pleased，sad，worried，excited等。to save more peopleI was surprised to see目的、原因、结果句首原因状语不定式短语表示结果时，常与_连用，暗示一种_。如：He hurried to the station，_ the train had left.他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。Mary hurried to school，_ it was Sunday.玛丽匆忙地赶到学校，结果被告知是星期天。only意外的结果only to findonly to be told6.作宾补(1)We should enco
12、urage students to take part in some voluntary activities.我们应该鼓励学生参加一些志愿者活动。归纳：不定式常跟在动词之后作宾补，构成如encourage sb to do结构，常用该结构的动词有_等。ask，advise，encourage，expect，invite，notice，orde，warn.(2)It will make plants grow quicker.它会使植物长得更快。Dont let a child do whatever he/she wishes to.千万不要让孩子想干什么就干什么。归纳：不定式在使役动词和
13、感官动词后作宾补时，常_。但是以上动词变为被动语态时不定式符号to_。如：Jack was often seen _ with friends on the Internet.经常看见杰克在网上和朋友聊天。省略toto chat不能省掉7.不定式可以和疑问词连用，构成“who/which/what/how/when/.to do”结构，在句中相当于名词，常作主语、宾语、表语等。(1)_ for Beijing hasnt been decided.什么时候动身去北京还没有决定。(作主语)(2)He told us _ our lessons effectively.他告诉我们如何有效地复习功课
14、。(作宾语)(3)The question is _ the young generation correctly.问题是如何正确地教育年轻一代。(作表语)When to set off how to reviewhow to educate语法二：-ed/-ing形容词1.-ed形容词通常直接用于说明_，不用于形容事物，常见的-ed结尾的形容词有：_等。Not all of us were _ at the news he told us.并不是所有的人都对他告诉我们的那条消息而感到害怕。satisfied，ashamed，bored，tired，delighted，excited，frig
15、htened，interested，moved，pleased，surprised，worried，puzzled，amused，inspiredfrightened人的感受Though he was a gentleman，this time she was quite _ at his rudeness.尽管他是一个绅士，但是这次他的粗鲁令她相当吃惊。The boy is _ with his new knife because he has been wanting one for a long time.男孩对他的新小刀很高兴。因为他一直想要一把。After applying for
16、a job，he often feels _.申请完一份工作后，他经常感到很紧张。astonished delightedstressed温馨提示如果用来修饰smile，voice，look，expression，face等能表现出人的感情的名词，_。Hearing the words，there was _ on the experts face.听到这些话，那位专家的脸上露出了满意的微笑。She told me the news in _.她用非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。Seeing a snake，the woman has _ on her face.看到一条蛇，这个女人的脸上露出
17、了惊恐的神色。a very excited voice a satisfied smile a frightened look 用-ed结尾的形容词2.-ing结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物，表示_，若用来说明人，则表示此人_。常见的-ing结尾的形容词有_等。事物的性质或特征具有此性质或特征exciting，boring，tiring，frightening，interesting，moving，surprising，worrying，puzzling，inspiringMany of us usually think it _ to revise the knowledge we have learnt.我们中很多人通常认为复习我们学过的知识是很枯燥的。Unfortunately,the injury on his back is becoming more and more serious,which is _.不幸的是，他背部的伤变得越来越严重，这令人担心。boring worrying
