1、UNIT 3 CELEBRATIONS素养导航晨读晚诵素养导航晨读晚诵 One story about the origin of Spring Festival windmills begins with a Beijing barber named Mr Cao.One cold,dark winter,Mr Caos parents and children fell ill.Mr Cao went to the local temple fair to earn some extra cash but people were superstitious about getting a
2、haircut in the run-up to Spring Festival(to this day it is seen as bad luck),so barely anyone was paying any attention to the barbers stall.Suddenly a drunken man appeared,picked up his barbers stall,sat down and fallen asleep.Night was falling and it was getting colder,so Mr Cao put the stove he us
3、ed to boil hot water for his clients next to the man to keep him warm.Suddenly,the man woke up.“Could you clean my ears for me?Theres too much wax inside them.”素养导航晨读晚诵 “Thank you,”said the man.“Since Ive taken up so much of your time,I will give you something in return.”Picking up some mud and stal
4、ks of dry grass and some colorful paper,the man fashioned them into little pinwheels.When wind blew,the pinwheels started to whirl,sounding like a string of popping firecrackers.As Mr Cao started to gather his supplies,he was astonished to see that the earwax on his tools had changed into pieces of
5、gold!In the following days,his family miraculously recovered from their illness.Word started to spread that windmills,whose loud sound could scare away demons and bring good luck.From then on,local people started making and buying pinwheels,hoping to get some of their own Spring Festival good fortun
6、e.素养导航晨读晚诵 A red pinwheel generally goes at the top of the stick,signifying blessings from heaven,while pink and green wheels,representing the onset of spring,go lower down.A yellow pinwheel at the bottom of the stick relates to the earth and good harvests.Likewise,the number of pinwheels on a stick
7、 also tells a story about the desired blessing:four shows that the bearer is hoping for good luck throughout the four seasons,six relates to things going smoothly,while Chinas lucky number eight relates to getting rich.素养导航晨读晚诵词海拾贝origin n.起源;起因;由来superstitious adj.迷信的;迷信引起的stall n.货摊,摊位miraculously
8、 adv.神秘地signify v.表示,意味;要紧,有重要性典句欣赏 As Mr Cao started to gather his supplies,he was astonished to see that the earwax on his tools had changed into pieces of gold!译文:当高先生开始收拾他的东西时,他吃惊地发现他工具上的耳垢已经变成了很多金块。分析:As引导时间状语从句。that引导宾语从句,作see的宾语。素养导航晨读晚诵探究思辨1.What did people think of Mr Caos lucky windmills?2
9、.What kind of pinwheels represents the arrival of spring?答案:1.They could bring good luck to people.2.The pink and green wheels.Section ATOPIC TALK&LESSON 1.知识体系图解 重点词汇1.n.重要的社交活动;时刻,时候 2.n.毕业 3.n.成人,成年人 4.vi.&vt.装饰,布置,美化 5.n.传统 6.sweep vt.7.character n.8.surround vt.9.joy n.10.custom n.occasiongradu
10、ationadultdecoratetradition 扫;打扫 字,字体;人物,角色 环绕,围绕 欢欣,愉快,喜悦 风俗,习惯;传统重点短语e to an end 2.at war 3.put up 4.let off 5.sweep away 6.倒置地,颠倒地 7.照亮;(使)变得喜悦 8.从事,忙于;多大;能胜任 9.把吓跑 10.与一起 结束;终止在交战状态中张贴使某物爆炸扫除;清除upside downlight upup toscare sb/sth away along with重点句式1.It is believed that when Fu is put upside do
11、wn,happiness arrives.人们相信当“福”字倒着贴,福就会到来。2.I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival,as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.通常春节前数周我就开始计划回山西的旅程,因为要尽早订火车票或机票。3.Every year,the moment I get on the train,I am surrounded by Shanxi accentsI kno
12、w that I am heading home to my family.每年,我一坐上火车,就会被山西方言包围,我意识到我踏上了回家的路。4.Whats important is who we eat it with.重要的是我们和谁一起吃。.阅读导学速读pp.52-53教材课文,选择最佳答案。1.Where did Tom Jenkins live?A.Heilongjiang.B.Shanghai.C.Beijing.D.Nanjing.2.Why was the character Fu attached upside down?A.Because it looks cool.B.B
13、ecause people believe happiness arrives.C.Because it means sweeping the dirt of the past year.D.Because it means getting ready for the new year.答案:D答案:B3.What is the most important thing for Xu Gang?A.Setting off firecrackers.B.Eating hotpot.C.Eating with families and friends.D.Decorating the houses
14、.4.What does having dumplings mean for Li Yan?A.It means they enjoy the family gathering.B.It means playing with their grandchildren happily.C.It means wishes for the coming year.D.It means our life is becoming better.答案:C答案:C重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习1.Choose a festival or a special occasion that you like.选择
15、你喜欢的节日或特殊场合。【词汇精讲】本句中的occasion是名词,表示“重要的社交活动”。occasion指特殊时机或良机,也指时节。当occasion要表达“在情况,场合下”的意思时,前面应与介词on搭配。He has few occasions to speak English.他很少有机会讲英语。This will be an occasion for us all to make a new start.这是我们大家重新开始的好机会。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】(1)on one occasion有一次on that occasion那时;在那种情况下on occas
16、ion偶尔(2)occasional adj.偶尔的;不经常的;特殊场合的occasionally adv.偶然地;偶尔;有时Some of the players may,on occasion,break the rules and be published.这些球员中有些偶尔可能会违规而受罚。I like playing football best,but occasionally I play table tennis,too.我最喜欢踢足球,偶尔也打打乒乓球。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【温馨提示】当occasion后接定语从句时,其引导词要依据occasion的含义及在从句中所
17、作的成分来确定。当occasion作先行词,其含义为“场合;庆典”时,应将它看作充当从句中的地点状语,用where来引导;当表示“机会;时刻”时,应将它看作充当从句中的时间状语,用when来引导。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习2.offering congratulations表示祝贺【词汇精讲】本句中的congratulation是名词,经常用作复数,表示“恭喜;祝贺”。它的动词形式是congratulate,作“祝贺,道喜”解时,须以被祝贺的人作直接宾语,以介词on或upon引出祝贺的原因。I sent her a gift
18、 as a sign of my congratulation.我给她寄去一件礼物表示祝贺。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】(1)congratulation n.祝贺,恭贺(常用复数形式)congratulations(to sb)on sth祝贺(某人)某事congratulate v.庆祝;祝贺(2)congratulate sb on sth祝贺某人某事congratulate oneself on(doing)sth庆幸自己(做)某事Let me congratulate you on your winning first place in the 100 metre d
19、ash.祝贺你获得百米赛跑第一名。Please give him my congratulations when you see him.请见到他时转达我的祝贺。I must congratulate you on the excellent design of the new bridge.我必须祝贺你为新桥梁做的优秀设计。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习3.Amid the boom of firecrackers a year has come to an end,and the spring wind has wafted warm breath to
20、the wine.爆竹声中一岁除,春风送暖入屠苏。【词汇精讲】本句中come to an end表示结束,用作不及物动词。Our vacation was great,but all good things come to an end.我们的假期棒极了,但是美好的事情总会结束。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】bring an end to sth=bring sth to an end使结束put an end to sth结束,消除come to an end结束in the end最终,终于end in以告终,最后的结果是end up with以结束All good thin
21、gs must come to an end,however beautiful an experience is.再好的事情也有曲终人散的时候,无论经历有多美好。It is an important step to decrease and put an end to cheating in examination in universities.杜绝考试作弊行为是高校教育的重要举措。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习4.Fireworks were being let off across the city.烟花在城市上空燃放。
22、【词汇精讲】本句中let off用作及物动词,表示“爆炸”。其他词义还有“放过,宽恕”。A boy of his neighbourhood had let off fireworks to celebrate the festival.他邻居的一个男孩放烟火庆祝这个节日。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】let out发出;泄露;放置,放大(衣服等)let sb down使某人失望let in让进来,放进let alone更不用说,更谈不上let.alone不打扰,不惊动The teacher told us that he would let us off our homewor
23、k.老师告诉我们不要做作业了。In order not to let myself down,I must make every effort.为了不使自己失望,我必须尽一切努力。Hes getting so fat that his trousers have to be let out round the waist.他越来越胖,裤腰都得放宽了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习5.to put up decorations 搭建装饰品【词汇精讲】本句中put up表示“搭建”,另外还可以表示“举起;提供膳宿;张贴”,用作及物动词。I want to put
24、up a fence between our home and our neighbours.我要在我们和邻居的房子之间修道篱笆。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】put up with容忍,忍受put off推迟,延期put down写下,记下;放下put away把收拾起来;把钱、物等储存起来put on穿上;打开;增加(体重等);假装;采纳I have to put up with my cats fur all over the house.我必须要忍受我的猫在我的房子里掉了满地的毛。Just because of the rain,the sports meet was p
25、ut off.都是因为下雨,运动会才延期的。I only put away the things that might prove to be a danger to a child.我只是把可能对孩子造成危险的东西收了起来。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习6.Read the three readers accounts.读三位读者的描述。【词汇精讲】此处account是名词,表示“描述”,还可以表示“报道”。account作“解释”“说明”解时,是不及物动词,接介词for指根据逻辑、标准、模式等对已存在的事物作出解释或说明(原
26、因);接介词to表示“向某人解释”。I believe you gave a very good account of what had happened.我相信你对事情发生的经过作了很好的描述。【词汇拓展】(1)account for说明(原因等);做出解释;占(比例)(2)on account of由于,因为on any account无论如何on no account绝不重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习take account of/take.into account=take.into consideration 考虑A doctor should never,on any accou
27、nt,break his confidence.医生无论如何都不能失去信心。The meeting was put off on account of the chairmans illness.由于主持人生病,会议延期了。His exam results were not very good,but we must take into account his long illness.他的考试成绩不是很好,但我们必须考虑到他曾经长期生病。The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.天气不好可能是来的人少的原因。【温馨提示】o
28、n no account置于句首时,句子要部分倒装。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习7.My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.我的房东妈妈陈太太说,这是为了扫除过去一年的污垢,为新的一年做准备。【词汇精讲】本句中sweep away是动词短语,表示“扫除,清除”。We clean the house and sweep away bad luck.我们打
29、扫房间并清除掉坏运气。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】sweep over涌上心头,使难以抑制sweep up清扫The students stirred up much dust when they swept up the fallen leaves.学生们扫落叶时扬起了许多尘土。Uncontrollable anger swept over Jim when he learned how Mary had been treated.当吉姆知道了玛丽被如何对待时,一股抑制不住的愤怒涌上心头。We would like to be able to sweep away those
30、 harmful information.我们要清除那些有害信息。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习8.Next,the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.接着,汉字“福”被倒着贴在前门上。【词汇精讲】本句中attach是及物动词,表示“贴”。attach的基本意思是指将某一较小的(事)物附在或连到另一较大的(事)物上,所增加的对象或内容与原来的事物构成一个整体,由于这两个事物有着本质上的区别(宾语为反身代词时除外),所以所增加的对象或内容
31、与原来的事物可分开。The picture is attached to the wall by a nail.这张图画被钉子钉在墙上。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】(1)attach sth to.把某物连接到/固定在/附在上attach importance/significance to.重视;认为重要/有意义/有价值attach oneself to sb/sth 依附某人/参加某事(2)attached adj.附属于;为工作;依恋;爱慕be attached to.被连接到;爱慕an attached school附属学校重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习After h
32、e arrived at the village,he attached his horse to a tree.他到了村子后,把马拴在树上。We should attach importance to the usage of the verbs when we learn a foreign language.当我们学习一门外语时,应该把重点放在动词的用法上。He attached himself to the university where he worked nearly thirty years.他对那所大学依依不舍,因为他在那里工作了差不多30年。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习
33、重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习9.Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian.陈女士说这是为了吓走“年”兽。【词汇精讲】本句中scare away是及物动词,表示“把吓跑”。scare在非正式文体中可与frighten换用,但语气较重,侧重人受惊吓后立即停下正在干的事或跑掉。Some people worry that the earthquake will scare away people.还有些人担心这次的地震会把人吓跑。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】(1)scared adj.惊恐的,担惊受怕的be
34、scared to death吓得要命重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(2)scare vt.使某人受惊;惊吓n.恐慌;惊恐scare sb away/off把某人吓跑/吓退scare sb into doing sth恐吓某人做某事He flung a stone at the sparrows,but he missed,scaring all the sparrows away.他投石子打麻雀,没有击中,把麻雀都吓跑了。The high price is scaring away possible buyers.价格昂贵,把想买东西的顾客吓跑了。I was scared to death
35、 when I saw someone walking slowly towards me in the dark.当我看到一个人在黑暗中慢慢朝我走来时,我怕得要死。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习10.Every year,the moment I get on the train,I am surrounded by Shanxi accentsI know that I am heading home to my family.每年,一坐上火车,就会被山西方言包围,我意识到我踏上了回家的路。【词汇精讲】本句中的surround是及物动词,表示“环绕,围绕”
36、。surround的基本意思是“包围”“环绕”,指很多人或物将某人或某物围在中间,使之无法逃脱,或形成某种环境或边界。surround后加介词with表示“被围住”。The listeners surrounded them,pumping their hands enthusiastically,congratulating them.听众们围住了他们,热情地握住他们的手,向他们祝贺。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】(1)surround sb/sth with.使包围某人/某物be surrounded by/with.被包围/环绕surround+反身代词+with.喜欢结交
37、(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西)(2)surrounding adj.周围的,附近的surroundings n.周围的事物;环境;气氛Our area is a hilly area surrounded on three sides by mountains.我们这儿是一个山区,三面都是大山。The towns water comes from the surrounding hills.这个城镇的水是从周围的小山上流来的。The famous scientist was immediately surrounded by a crowd of young people.那位著名的科学
38、家立即被一群年轻人围住了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习1.I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival,as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.通常春节前数周我就开始计划回山西的旅程,因为要尽早订火车票或飞机票。【句式剖析】句中的第一个as作连词,表示原因,意为“因为”。As he was not ready in time,w
39、e went without him.因为他没有及时准备好,我们没有等他就去了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【句式拓展】(1)as作为从属连词,可以引导下列从句a.时间状语从句,意为“正当的时候”“一面一面”“随着”,从句可放在主句之前或主句之后。b.引导方式状语从句,意为“如同”“按照的方式、样子、办法”。as从句总跟在主句之后。c.as引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”,多在主句之前,且须倒装。(应将从句主要成分的形容词、副词、动词原形、不加冠词的单数名词置于as前面)。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习d.as引导比较状语从句,意为“和一样/不一样”。表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as
40、为副词(意为“那么”“如此”),第二个as为连词(引导的比较状语从句常用省略)。其基本结构为:as+adj./adv.+as。Try as he might,he didnt pass the exam.虽然他尝试过了,但还是没有通过考试。When in Roman,do as Romans do.入乡随俗。As he was ill,I decided to go without him.因为他身体不好,我决定独自去了。He became less active as he grew older.随着年龄的增长,他变得越来越不活跃了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随
41、堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习2.Every year,the moment I get on the train,I am surrounded by Shanxi accentsI know that I am heading home to my family.每年我一坐上火车,就会被山西方言包围,我意识到我踏上了回家的路。【句式剖析】句中the moment I get on the train是the moment引导的时间状语从句,the moment表示“一就”。The moment I turned round,she had left and disappeared
42、in the crowd.当我转过身来时,她已经离开并消失在人群中了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【句式拓展】表示“一就”的形式还有:(1)the minute/second/instant(2)immediately/directly/instantly(3)hardly.when.;no sooner.than.(4)as soon as.(5)on+n./doing.重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习The minute he spoke we recognized his voice.他一说话,我们听出了他的声音。The instant I saw him I knew that t
43、here was no hope.我一看到他,就知道没有希望了。On seeing the painting by Van Gogh,I fell in love with it at once.一看到凡高的画,我就立刻爱上了它。Hardly had the football game begun when it started raining.足球比赛才刚刚开始就下起雨来。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习被动语态被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态;需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时也常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。被
44、动语态与时态结合,形成各种时态下的被动语态:时态现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般式am/is/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/shouldbe done进行式am/is/arebeing donewas/werebeing done 完成式have/hasbeen donehadbeen donewill/shallhave beendonewould/should havebeen done重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习1.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。My friend gave me an in
45、teresting book on my birthday.我的朋友在我生日那天给了我一本有趣的书。An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.一本有趣的书在我生日时送给我。I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday.我生日时朋友给了我一本有趣的书。(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。The boss made him work all day long.老板让他整天工作。He was made
46、to work all day long(by the boss).老板让他整天工作。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(3)短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of(by her).孩子们被她照顾得很好。Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.你的发音和拼写应该注意。(4)情态动词,be going to,be to,be sure to,have to等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。We can repai
47、r this watch in two days.我们可以在两天内把这块表修好。This watch can be repaired in two days.这只表两天就能修好。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(5)当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。People say he is a smart boy.人们说他是个聪明的男孩。He is said to be a smart boy.据说他
48、是个聪明的男孩。It is said that he is a smart boy.据说他是个聪明的男孩。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习People know paper was made in China first.人们知道纸首先是在中国制造的。Paper was known to be made in China first.众所周知,纸首先是在中国制造的。It is known that paper was made in China first.众所周知,纸首先是在中国制造的。【温馨提示】类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped
49、/thought that.重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习2.不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)表示状态的谓语动词,如:last,hold,contain,fit,cost等。(2)表示归属的动词或短语,如have,own,belong to等。(3)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词,如:wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。(4)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。(5)宾语是同源宾语、动词不定式、动词的-ing形式等,谓语动词不用被动语态。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习3.主动形式表示被动意义(1)当连系动词feel,look,smell,t
50、aste,sound等后面接形容词时;当cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时;当动词表示“开始,结束,关,停,转,启动”等时。The flowers smell sweet.花儿散发着芳香。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料容易洗。(2)当break out,take place,shut off,turn off,work out等动词表示“发生,关闭,制定”等时。The lamps on the wall turned off.墙上的灯熄灭了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词
