1、U UNITNIT 5 5HUMANS HUMANS AND NATUREAND NATURE1.drought n.旱灾，干旱旱灾，干旱2.hurricane n.飓风飓风3.landslide n.滑坡；塌方滑坡；塌方4.volcanic adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的火山的；由火山作用引起的5.landscape n.风景，景色风景，景色6.weed n.野草；海藻野草；海藻7.deer n.鹿鹿8.insect n.昆虫昆虫.认认阅读单词阅读单词词汇句型 单元单元词汇词汇要记牢要记牢 9.whale n.鲸鲸10.dolphin n.海豚海豚11.shark n.鲨鲨(鱼鱼)12.k
2、angaroo n.袋鼠袋鼠13.eagle n.鹰鹰14.fox n.狐狸狐狸15.jungle n.(热带热带)丛林丛林16.whirlpool n.漩涡漩涡17.descent n.下降，下降，下落下落18.tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的潮汐的，潮水的19.mystery n.神秘事物，难以理解的事物神秘事物，难以理解的事物20.barrel n.桶桶21.lamp n.灯灯22.extent n.面积；长度；范围；程度面积；长度；范围；程度23.tube n.圆管，管子；圆管，管子；(伦敦伦敦)地铁地铁24.sledge n.雪橇雪橇25.ski n.滑雪板滑雪板vi.滑雪滑雪 2
3、6.tent n.帐篷帐篷27.brochure n.小册子小册子28.aftershock n.(地震的地震的)余震余震29.skiing n.滑雪运动滑雪运动30.originality n.独创性；创造力独创性；创造力.记重点单词记重点单词1.disaster n.灾难；灾祸灾难；灾祸2.flood n.洪水，水灾洪水，水灾3.wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物野生动植物，野生生物ment n.评论；意见评论；意见5.living adj.活的，活着的活的，活着的6.soil n.土壤土壤7.climate n.气候气候8.lecture n.讲座，讲课；讲座，讲课；演讲演讲9.
4、overuse vt.过度使用；滥用过度使用；滥用10.million n.百万百万11.greenhouse n.温室，暖房温室，暖房12.title n.题目，标题题目，标题13.wave n.海浪；波涛海浪；波涛14.escape vi.&vt.逃离；逃避逃离；逃避15.file n.档案，卷宗档案，卷宗16.soul n.灵魂灵魂 17.edge n.边缘边缘18.rescue n.&vt.营救；救援营救；救援19.vehicle n.交通工具，车辆交通工具，车辆20.trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中困住；使陷于危险中21.attempt n.&vt.努力，尝试，企图努力，尝试，企图
5、22.loss n.丧失；死亡丧失；死亡23.damage n.伤害，损伤，损害伤害，损伤，损害24.measure vt.估量，衡量；测量估量，衡量；测量25.overseas adv.在海外，在外国在海外，在外国26.site n.场所，场所，地点地点27.process n.过程，进程过程，进程28.battle n.较量，竞争；斗争；战斗较量，竞争；斗争；战斗29.duty n.职责，义务；责任职责，义务；责任30.nearby adv.附近附近31.captain n.队长；组长队长；组长32.continent n.洲，大洲；大陆洲，大洲；大陆33.shelter n.避难所避难所
6、.知拓展单词知拓展单词1.eruption n.爆发爆发erupt v.爆发；喷出爆发；喷出2.ecology n.生态；生态；生态学生态学ecological adj.生态学的；生态的生态学的；生态的3.shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信使震惊；使难以置信 n.震惊；休克；震惊；休克；冲击冲击shocking adj.令人震惊令人震惊的的shocked adj.震惊震惊的的4.survive vi.&vt.幸存；存活幸存；存活survival n.幸存幸存survivor n.幸存者幸存者5.poetry n.诗歌；作诗的艺术诗歌；作诗的艺术poem n.诗；诗歌诗；诗歌poet n.诗人
7、诗人6.frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的受惊的，害怕的frightening adj.令人害怕的令人害怕的frighten v.使受惊；使使受惊；使惊恐惊恐7.horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的可怕的，吓人的horror n.恐惧；令人惊恐的事，害怕恐惧；令人惊恐的事，害怕horribly adv.害怕地；可怕地害怕地；可怕地8.curious adj.好奇的好奇的curiously adv.好奇地好奇地curiosity n.好奇心好奇心9.observation n.观察；观察结果观察；观察结果observe v.观察；庆祝；注意到；观察；庆祝；注意到；遵守遵守10.eq
8、ual adj.相等的；相同的相等的；相同的equally adv.同样地；同等地同样地；同等地equality n.平等平等11.interrupt vt.打断讲话打断讲话interruption n.插嘴，打扰；中断时间插嘴，打扰；中断时间12.death n.死亡死亡die v.死亡死亡dying adj.垂死的垂死的dead adj.死了死了的的13.operation n.行动，活动；手术；操作行动，活动；手术；操作operate v.操作操作operator n.接线员；操作者接线员；操作者14.conduct v.实施；执行；指挥实施；执行；指挥conductor n.指挥；售票
9、员指挥；售票员15.protection n.保护；防护保护；防护protect v.保护保护protective adj.保护的，防护保护的，防护的的16.breathe vi.&vt.呼吸呼吸breath n.呼吸呼吸breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的17.explorer n.探险者；勘察者探险者；勘察者explore v.探索；探究探索；探究exploration n.探索；探险；探究探索；探险；探究18.preparation n.预备，准备预备，准备prepare v.准备；预备准备；预备19.polar adj.极地的；地极的极地的；地
10、极的pole n.极，地极；极，地极；柱子柱子20.anxiously adv.焦急地；不安地；担忧地焦急地；不安地；担忧地anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的焦虑的，担心的anxiety n.忧虑，焦虑忧虑，焦虑21.ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿ambitious adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的有雄心的；野心勃勃的22.cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的高兴的，兴高采烈的cheer v.使高兴；欢呼使高兴；欢呼23.prove vt.证明；证实证明；证实proof n.证据证据24.honesty n.坦诚；诚实，正直坦诚；诚实，正直hones
11、t adj.诚实的诚实的dishonest adj.不诚实的不诚实的25.sincerity n.真诚，真挚，诚实真诚，真挚，诚实sincere adj.真诚的真诚的sincerely adv.诚挚地诚挚地26.bravery n.勇气；勇敢的行为勇气；勇敢的行为brave adj.勇敢勇敢的的27.disappearance n.消失；消亡消失；消亡disappear v.消失消失appear v.出现出现.背核心短语背核心短语1.turn ones back(on sb./sth.)对对置之不理，对置之不理，对撒撒手不管手不管2.in the direction of朝朝方向方向3.on
12、the edge of在在边缘；某事快要边缘；某事快要发生发生(尤指不好的事尤指不好的事)4.at great speed高速高速地地5.be/become curious about对对感到感到好奇好奇6.in the end最后最后7.pick up去接去接(某人某人)；拿起；拾起；捡起；拿起；拾起；捡起8.breathe in吸气吸气9.run out用完；耗尽用完；耗尽10.on the way to.在去往在去往的路上的路上11.have difficulty with sth.在某事方面有困难在某事方面有困难12.break down停止运转，出故障停止运转，出故障 增加增加词汇词
13、汇来助力来助力 1.biography n.传记传记2.bless vt.祝福；保佑祝福；保佑3.border n.边缘；边境，国界边缘；边境，国界4.boundary n.边界；范围；分界线边界；范围；分界线5.breakthrough n.突破；取得重大进展突破；取得重大进展6.brilliant adj.光亮的；极好的光亮的；极好的7.broaden vt.拓宽拓宽词汇句型8.budget n.预算预算9.casual adj.随意的；不定期的随意的；不定期的10.cautious adj.谨慎的；小心的谨慎的；小心的1.It took less than a single day to
14、 change my hair from black to white.(It takes/took sb.some time to do.)不到一天的时间，我的头发就由黑变白了。不到一天的时间，我的头发就由黑变白了。2.I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(as if 引引导方式状语从句导方式状语从句)我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。3.The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they
15、 fell.(the比较级比较级.，the比较级比较级.)第一，物体越大，下落越快第一，物体越大，下落越快。词汇句型4.As you can see，the reason why Im here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.(The reason why.is/was that.)如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。5.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(全部倒装全部倒装)极地的冬
16、季来临，四处一片黑暗。极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。6.The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.have difficulty(in)doing.下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。背诵该短文。In fact，it was out of 1.that I attended the lecture given by a
17、 famous explorer，who had just returned from a distant continent.Expecting to hear many horrible experiences and mysteries，I went to the site cheerfully.He indeed shared some stories of 2.against nature with 3.，词汇串记curiositybattle，bravery，death，disappearance，million，trap，curiositybattlingbraveryin on
18、e of which his vehicle broke down in the polar area because the gas had run out.4.in the snowstorm，he attempted to call for rescue through the phone，but it proved useless.Cold and hungry，he was faced with 5.several times.Luckily，he found shelter in a nearby base.Besides，he referred to the suffering
19、of wildlife.According to his observation,6.of animals are on the edge of 7.Trappeddeathmillionsdisappearancebattle，bravery，death，disappearance，million，trap，curiosityApart from natural disasters such as flood，drought and hurricane，too much greenhouse gas in the atmosphere also contributed to their ex
20、tinction.It is high time that we should take measures to conduct wildlife protection.Having heard his lecture，I find it everyones duty to keep the balance of ecology.battle，bravery，death，disappearance，million，trap，curiosity返 回v.(使使)震惊；震惊；(使使)难以置信难以置信n.休克；打击；震惊休克；打击；震惊(shocking adj.令人震惊的令人震惊的shocked
21、adj.感到震惊的感到震惊的)1 in shock震惊地；休克震惊地；休克 be numb with shock震惊得目瞪口呆震惊得目瞪口呆 be shocked by/at.对对感到震惊感到震惊 be shocked to do.因做因做而震惊而震惊shock(1)Tom was shocked (hear)the (shock)news that there would be a volcanic eruption.(2)I am shocked the news that the number of baleen whales has reduced by 99%in the last
22、century.to hearshockingat/by(3)(读后续写之神态描写读后续写之神态描写)看见窗子里喷出的浓烟，他惊呆了。看见窗子里喷出的浓烟，他惊呆了。Seeing heavy smoke shooting out of the window，.(4)(读后续写之动作描写读后续写之动作描写)他一句话也说不出来，只是震惊地指着远方。他一句话也说不出来，只是震惊地指着远方。He couldnt say a word，but .he was numb with shockpointed to the distance in shock escape from从从逃脱；逃避逃脱；逃避 e
23、scape doing/being done逃避逃避(被被)做某事做某事 have a narrow escape死里逃生；侥幸躲过死里逃生；侥幸躲过v.逃脱；逃避；被遗忘；逃脱；逃避；被遗忘；(气体、液体等气体、液体等)泄漏泄漏n.逃脱；逃避；逃脱；逃避；漏出漏出2(1)The frightened deer tried to escape (catch)by the tiger，but in vain.(2)To our relief，these trapped miners escaped the collapsed mine.being caughtescapefrom(3)(读后续写
24、之逃生读后续写之逃生)我离开帐篷，死里逃生。我离开帐篷，死里逃生。我刚从里面逃出来它就烧我刚从里面逃出来它就烧毁了。毁了。by leaving the tent.Hardly _ when it burned down.I had a narrow escapehad I escaped from itsurvive sth.幸免于；从幸免于；从中活过来中活过来survive on靠靠存活下来存活下来A survive B(by时间时间)A比比B活得长活得长()vi.&vt.活下来；幸存；比活下来；幸存；比活得长活得长(survivor n.幸存幸存者者 survival n.幸存；生还幸存；
25、生还)3survive(1)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving entirely _ discarded(丢弃丢弃)food.(2019浙江浙江)(2)If the explorer couldnt find his way out of the jungle，there would be little chance of (survive).onsurvival(3)All the (survive)have been rescued from the horrible landslide and sent to a ne
26、arby shelter.(4)(读后续写之情感升华读后续写之情感升华)生活不是如何从暴风雨中幸存，而是要学会在生活不是如何从暴风雨中幸存，而是要学会在雨中跳舞。雨中跳舞。Life isnt about ；its about learning to dance in the rain.survivorshow to survive the storm be curious about对对感到好奇感到好奇 be curious to do sth.极想做某事极想做某事 out of curiosity出于好奇出于好奇 meet/satisfy ones curiosity满足某人的好奇心满足某人
27、的好奇心adj.好奇的好奇的(curiosity n.好奇；好奇心好奇；好奇心 curiously adv.好奇地好奇地)4(1)Curious the process of making a lamp，the boy went to the factory to make a careful observation.(2)I am really curious (know)what comments others have made on my poetry.curious aboutto know(3)(读后续写之动作描写读后续写之动作描写)出于好奇，我偷偷地透过窗户向办公室内窥视。出于好
28、奇，我偷偷地透过窗户向办公室内窥视。，I secretly peeped through the window into the office.(4)(应用文之人物描写应用文之人物描写)我的弟弟总是爱问为什么，似乎没有人能满足他我的弟弟总是爱问为什么，似乎没有人能满足他的好奇心。的好奇心。My brother always loves to ask why，and no one _ .Out of curiosityseems to be able tosatisfy his curiosity be equal to(doing)sth.等于等于/胜任胜任(做做)某事某事 equal sb.
29、/sth.in(doing)sth.在在(做做)某事上比得过某人某事上比得过某人/物物 without equal无与伦比无与伦比adj.相等的；相同的相等的；相同的n.同等的人；相等物同等的人；相等物v.与与相等，等于；相等，等于；比得上比得上(equality n.平等；相等平等；相等equally adv.相等地；公平地相等地；公平地)5equal(1)I respect my mother so much as she never treats me as a child，but as equal.(2021全国乙全国乙)(2)(equal)important is that you
30、should pay attention to the balance of ecology.anEqually(3)No one can equal him sports；that is to say，he is equal in sports in my class.(4)(应用文之申请信应用文之申请信)我相信我可以胜任这个职务，因为我曾经当过导游。我相信我可以胜任这个职务，因为我曾经当过导游。I am sure because I have ever worked as a tour guide.(5)我们尊敬他，因为他不仅教得很好，而且平等地对待每个学生我们尊敬他，因为他不仅教得很好，
31、而且平等地对待每个学生。(2020全国全国，书面表达，书面表达)We respect him because he not only teaches well，_ .inwithoutI am equal to the positionbut also treats everystudent equally attempt to do sth.尝试尝试(试图试图)做某事做某事 make an attempt/attempts(to do sth.)尝试尝试(做某事做某事)at the first attempt第一次尝试第一次尝试n.&v.企图；试图；尝试；努力企图；试图；尝试；努力(atte
32、mpted adj.未遂的未遂的)6(1)One afternoon，while attempting (get)into bed she collapsed(倒倒下下)from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack.(2021全国乙全国乙)(2)After making several attempts (repair)the damage，he finally gave up.attempt to getto repair(3)Although he survived the (attempt)murder，it took
33、him quite a long time to return to normal.(4)(应用文之安慰信应用文之安慰信)不要因为这次失败而感到沮丧，因为很少有人能在不要因为这次失败而感到沮丧，因为很少有人能在第一次尝试中成功。第一次尝试中成功。Dont be upset because of this failure，because _ .attemptedfew can succeed at thefirst attempt measure.by.用用来衡量来衡量 be measured by/in用用来衡量来衡量/计算计算 take measures/steps/action to do
34、 sth.采取措施做某事采取措施做某事 make sth.to ones measure照某人的尺寸做某物照某人的尺寸做某物vt.测量；估量；衡量测量；估量；衡量n.措施措施(measurement n.尺寸；大小；尺寸；大小；测量测量)7(1)According to the lecture，you cant measure someone their appearance and the clothes they wear.measureby(2)In that distant continent，trees are extremely tall，some _(measure)over 9
35、0 meters in height.(3)The tailor insisted that he should make clothes my own measure.(4)(应用文之倡议信应用文之倡议信)该是我们采取措施阻止空气污染的时候了。该是我们采取措施阻止空气污染的时候了。It is(high)time that we _.measuringto took/should take measures to keep air from being polluted under protection 处在保护下处在保护下 protect.against.保护保护以免以免 protect.f
36、rom doing/being done保护保护不被不被n.保护，防护保护，防护(protect v.保护保护 protective adj.保护的，防护的保护的，防护的)8(1)Earth Day，marked on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental (protect).(2019北京北京)(2)Nature reserves are used as a protection illegal hunting.(3)We had better take (protec
37、t)measures to prevent polar bears from dying out.protectionprotection againstprotective(4)(应用文之倡议信应用文之倡议信)必须采取有效措施保护环境免受污染。必须采取有效措施保护环境免受污染。Effective measures must be taken _.(protect.against)Effective measures must be taken _.(protect.from being done)to protect the environment against pollution to
38、protect the environment from being polluted breathe in/out 吸气吸气/呼气呼气 breathe a sigh of relief松了一口气松了一口气 hold ones breath屏息；屏气屏息；屏气 take/draw a deep breath深呼吸深呼吸 out of breath喘不过气喘不过气v.呼吸，呼气呼吸，呼气(breath n.呼吸呼吸breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，喘气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的不过气来的)9breathe(1)Believe it or not，the first time I happen
39、ed to read the newspaper Youth a couple of months ago，I felt an urge to finish reading it in one _(breathe).(2021新高考全国新高考全国)(2)It has been proved that in the daytime，plants will breathe carbon dioxide and breathe oxygen.(3)We all became (breathe)when we arrived at the crowded lecture hall in a hurry
40、.breathinoutbreathless(4)(记叙文之活动介绍记叙文之活动介绍)大约两小时后，我们都到了山顶。尽管大约两小时后，我们都到了山顶。尽管(累得累得)上气上气不接下气，但我们看到了美丽的风景。不接下气，但我们看到了美丽的风景。About 2 hours later，we all reached the top._.(5)(应用文之建议信应用文之建议信)如果你仍然感到紧张，你可以在演讲前深呼吸。如果你仍然感到紧张，你可以在演讲前深呼吸。If you still feel nervous，you _.Though out of breath，we were rewarded wit
41、h beautiful scenery might take/draw a deep breath before giving your speech be anxious about/for为为担忧担忧 be anxious to do/that.渴望渴望(做做)with anxietyanxiously adv.焦急地焦急地adv.焦虑地；不安地焦虑地；不安地(anxious adj.焦急的；不安的焦急的；不安的anxiety n.忧虑，担心；渴望忧虑，担心；渴望)10(1)We are really concerned and anxious (learn)about your upda
42、tes.(2020浙江，应用文写作浙江，应用文写作)(2)The mother was anxious her little son when knowing that he was frightened by a horrible accident.anxiouslyto learnabout/for(3)(应用文之求助信应用文之求助信)I am so anxious about the exam that I cant sleep well.about the exam that I cant sleep well.(用部分倒装改写用部分倒装改写)(4)(读后续写之心理描写读后续写之心理描
43、写)他焦虑地等待着结果，如坐针毡。他焦虑地等待着结果，如坐针毡。as if he had been sitting on pins and needles.So anxious am IHe was waiting for the results anxiously/with anxietybreak up 结束；结束；(使使)破碎；分裂；破碎；分裂；(使使)散开散开break in破门而入；打断破门而入；打断(谈话等谈话等)break into强行闯入；突然强行闯入；突然起来起来break out(战争、火灾等战争、火灾等)爆发；发生爆发；发生(无被动语态无被动语态)break away f
44、rom脱离；挣脱脱离；挣脱停止停止运转，出故障运转，出故障11break down用用break短语的适当形式填空短语的适当形式填空(1)He drew a conclusion that a war would soon.(2)The room is in a mess.It must have been while we were away.(3)A neighbor asked for the music to be turned down，after which the party .(4)Worse still，my vehicle halfway to the base，leavi
45、ng me in total desperation.(5)She is trying to the bad habit，which thrills her parents.break outbroken intobroke upbroke downbreak away fromrun out 用完；耗尽用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态主语为物，无被动语态)run across偶然遇见偶然遇见run after追捕；跟踪；追求追捕；跟踪；追求run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等困难等)run for竞选；匆匆去取竞选；匆匆去取用完用完；耗尽；耗尽(主语为人主语为人)
46、12run out of用用run短语的适当形式填空短语的适当形式填空(1)If they certain daily necessities，Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase whats needed.(2019北京北京)(2)I was almost scared to death when I a car which suddenly appeared.(3)The explorer much unexpected trouble despite the preparations he had made.(4)With
47、 a fierce dog it，the fox escaped into the jungle as fast as it could.(5)About 20 candidates are the position of chairman of the Student Union.run out ofran intoran acrossrunning afterrunning for “the比较级比较级(主语谓语主语谓语)，the比较级比较级(主语谓语主语谓语)”意意为为 “越越，就越，就越”。“比较级比较级and比较级比较级”意为意为“越来越越来越”，表示本身程度，表示本身程度的的 变化
48、变化。“the more.，the less.”意为意为“越越，越不，越不”。The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell.第一第一，物体越大，下落越快。，物体越大，下落越快。13the+比较级比较级.，the+比较级比较级.(1)The longer he waited outside the operating room，the _(anxious)he became.more anxious(2)The more roads and parking lots we pave，the (little)wate
49、r can flow into the ground to become groundwater.(3)我越读这份报纸，我越是喜欢它。我越读这份报纸，我越是喜欢它。(2021新高考全国新高考全国，应用文写作，应用文写作)I read the newspaper，I like it.(4)我衷心地希望你们的报纸越来越好我衷心地希望你们的报纸越来越好。(2021新高考全国新高考全国，应用文写作，应用文写作)_用法点拨用法点拨“the比较级比较级(.)，the比较级比较级(.)”结构中，第一个结构中，第一个“the比较级比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，用相当于表示条件的状语
50、从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，用一般现在时表示将来。一般现在时表示将来。lessThe morethe moreI sincerely hope that your newspaper will be better and better.have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难做某事有困难(麻烦麻烦)；做某事费劲；做某事费劲have difficulty/trouble with sth.在某事方面有困难在某事方面有困难(麻烦麻烦)do sth.with/without difficulty/trouble做某事有做某事有/没有困难没有困难(麻烦麻
