1、药物(他莫昔芬、乙胺碘呋酮、丙戊酸钠、甲氨蝶呤、糖皮质激素等)、全胃肠外营养、甲状腺功能减退症、炎症性肠病、库欣综合征等可导致肝脂肪变的特殊疾病;排除肝炎病毒感染、自身免疫性肝病、原发性血色病、1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症和肝豆状核变性等引起的肝脂肪变。NAFLD形成的病理生理改变,目前提出“两次打击”学说:第一次打击主要是胰岛素抵抗(IR),引起良性的肝细胞内脂质沉积。IR由脂肪组织分泌的多种脂肪细胞因子引起。脂肪组织可分泌瘦素、TNF、脂联素、抵抗素及IL-6等多种细胞因子,在IR的发生机制及多个病理过程中发挥作用。IR不仅可以加强周围组织脂肪的分解,也可形成高胰岛素血症。异常的肝细胞表面胰岛素受
2、体减少且受体缺陷,使肝细胞对胰岛素的敏感性降低,加重IR。形成了IR与NAFLD之间的不良循环。肠道菌群可能参与NAFLD发病已知肠道含有人体最大的贮菌库及内毒素池,其微生物总量达到10-100万亿。现有研究发现,肠道菌群结构和功能改变可以通过影响能量吸收、产生肥胖、促进IR、导致胆碱缺乏、干扰胆汁排泄、产生内源性乙醇等机制影响物质代谢,通过小肠细菌过度生长改变小肠动力及促进炎症因子生成,这些均与NAFLD发生或从单纯脂肪性肝病进展NASH有关。沈峰,范建高,非酒精性脂肪性肝病新进展.中华肝脏病杂志 2014年3月第22卷第3期.Metformin improves insulin sensi
3、tivity and serum ALT and AST levels in the majority of subjects;however,it has no significant effect on liver histology.The precise dose and duration of treatment is unknown and the beneficial effects on serum ALT only continued during treatment.Metformin has no apparent increase in the risk of lact
4、ic acidosis and unlike the TZDs,it is not encumbered by weight gain or potential hepatotoxicity.According to current data,it cannot be suggested for the specific treatment of NAFLD or NASH but can be given in patients with both NAFLD/NASH and type 2 DM.p 经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量p Study Constantly,And You Will Know Everything.The More You Know,The More Powerful You Will Be写在最后感谢聆听不足之处请大家批评指导Please Criticize And Guide The Shortcomings结束语讲师:XXXXXX XX年XX月XX日