1、词性及句子成分词性及句子成分(上上)Grammar focus主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 表语表语1 名词名词 noun n.2 代词代词 pronoun pron.3 形容词形容词 adjective adj.4 副词副词 adverb adv.5 动词动词 verb v.6 数词数词 numeral num.7 冠词冠词 article art.8 介词介词 preposition prep.9 连词连词 conjunction conj.and so when10 感叹词感叹词 interjection int.oh ah wow句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，句子是由词按照一定的
2、语法结构组成的，组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。一一二二三三常见的句子成分包括主语、谓语、常见的句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语、同位语。同位语。主语主语英语句子的主体成分为主语和谓语，英语句子的主体成分为主语和谓语，其他为次要成分。其他为次要成分。主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语补语补语状语状语同位语同位语谓语谓语主语的定义主语的定义动作的动作的发出者发出者，执行动作的，执行动作的主体主体。subject主语一般位于主语一般位于_。句首句首主语名词名词代词代词动名动名词词不定不定式式数词数词从句从句It
3、 形式形式主语主语充当主语的成分充当主语的成分充当主语的成分充当主语的成分I have a dream.我有一个梦想。Walls have ears.隔墙有耳。Seven is my lucky number.七是我的幸运数字。充当主语的成分充当主语的成分Swimming can make you healthy.游泳有益于健康。Talking is easier than doing.说起来容易做起来难。充当主语的成分充当主语的成分To clean the window is your duty.擦窗户是你的任务。To stay up too late is bad for you.熬夜对你
4、身体不好。It is your duty to clean the window.It is bad for you to stay up too late.1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is believing.（）5.To see is to believe.（）6.It is important to learn a foreign language.（）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式It作形式主语，作形式主语，to do 不定式是真正
5、的主语不定式是真正的主语用“=”划出以下句子的主语，分析什么做了主语并写在括号内。1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is believing.（）5.To see is to believe.（）6.It is important to learn a foreign language.（）练习练习1 1分钟分钟谓语的定义谓语的定义谓语一般位于主语谓语一般位于主语_。之后之后表达主语的动作、状态。表达主语的动作、状态。I have a best friend.He
6、r name is Jenny.We always look after each other.But she doesnt like talking too much.She can keep quiet for a whole day.谓语有人称和数的变化，也可以表达时态和语态。谓语有人称和数的变化，也可以表达时态和语态。常见情态动词：常见情态动词：can,could,may,might,shall,should,can,could,may,might,shall,should,will,wouldwill,would，must must 单个实义动词系动词动词短语助动词+动词原型情态动词
7、+动词原型常见助动词：常见助动词：be，have/has，do/does，did，will例句 Action speaks louder than words.(第三人称单数第三人称单数)百说不如一干。She went shopping yesterday afternoon.（过去式）（过去式）她昨天下午去购物了。Rice is grown in south China.（被动语态）（被动语态）华南种植水稻。谓语谓语用“_”划出以下句子的谓语动词，分析什么做了谓语并写在括号内。a.She loves English.()b.He can speak Chinese.()c.They are
8、tired.()d.He looks happy.()e.We didnt finish homework yesterday.a.()a.She loves English.()b.He can speak Chinese.()c.They are tired.()d.He looks happy.()e.We didnt finish homework yesterday.()实义动词实义动词情态动词情态动词+动词原型动词原型系动词系动词系动词系动词助动词助动词+动词原型动词原型练习练习1 1分钟分钟你能找出错误的谓语并且改正吗？a.He go to school by bike ever
9、y day.()b.I am listen to music now.()c.They take classes online yesterday.()d.The cake taste good.()e.She will comes back soon.()f.We should to help each other.()goeslisteningtooktastescome火眼金睛火眼金睛should helpa.He go to school by bike every day.()b.I am listen to music now.()c.They take classes onlin
10、e yesterday.()d.The cake taste good.()e.She will comes back soon.()f.We should to help each other.()We should help each other.We should help each other.主主谓谓？each other1 1分钟分钟宾语的定义宾语的定义宾语是动作的承受者。宾语是动作的承受者。一般位于谓语动词（尤指及物动词）一般位于谓语动词（尤指及物动词）_。之后之后直接宾语：被动作直接作用，He gave me a hug.间接宾语：被动词间接影响，He gave me a hu
11、g.介词宾语：被介词引导的宾语，I am waiting for you.宾语名词名词代词代词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句名词性名词性短语短语充当宾语的成分充当宾语的成分充当宾语的成分充当宾语的成分I like Beijing roast duck.我喜欢北京烤鸭。Love me,love my dog.爱屋及乌。I want to leave.我想离开。I dont know what to do next.我不知道接下来做什么。1234.代词/名词名词性短语不定式疑问词+不定式充当宾语的成分充当宾语的成分We believe that success come
12、s from hard work.我们相信成功来自勤奋。I like teaching English.我喜欢教英语。I find it difficult to get along with her.我发现她这个人不好相处。567.动名词从句it 作形式宾语1.She wrote five letters.()2.We often help him.()3.We enjoy listening to the music.()4.He began to learn English a year ago.()5.Did you write down what she said?()6.The n
13、ew teacher makes it possible to learn English easily for students.()1.She wrote five letters.()2.We often help him.()3.We enjoy listening to the music.()4.He began to learn English a year ago.()5.Did you write down what she said?()6.The new teacher makes it possible to learn English easily for stude
14、nts.()名词性短语名词性短语代词代词动名词动名词不定式不定式从句从句it作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语用用划出句子的划出句子的宾语宾语，分析什么做了，分析什么做了宾语宾语并写在括号内并写在括号内。练习练习I want to make it possible for you to learn English easily.Because I am an English teacher,too!主主 系系an English teacher？表表1 1分钟分钟表语的定义表语的定义表述表述主语的情况。主语的情况。predicative表语一般位于表语一般位于系动词系
15、动词_。之后之后系动词有哪些呢？系动词有哪些呢？1）be动词：动词：_2）感官类感官类:_3）变化类变化类:_4）延续延续类类:_系动词的分类系动词的分类I am a teacher.He is a student.We are excited.am is are系动词的分类系动词的分类The wool feels soft.这种羊毛摸上去很柔软。这种羊毛摸上去很柔软。“Stink Tofu”smells awful,but tastes good.臭豆腐闻上去臭，但是吃起来香。臭豆腐闻上去臭，但是吃起来香。feel smell tastesound look系动词的分类系动词的分类If it
16、 turns cold,cover the pot plants.如果天气变凉，就把盆栽盖起来。如果天气变凉，就把盆栽盖起来。Food goes bad quickly when it is hot.天气一热，食物就很快变质。天气一热，食物就很快变质。get grow becometurn go系动词的分类系动词的分类keep/stay healthy保持健康保持健康remain silent保持沉默保持沉默 keep stay remain表语形容形容词词副词副词名词名词不定不定式式介词介词短语短语代词代词从句从句充当表语的成分充当表语的成分充当表语的成分充当表语的成分The creakin
17、g of the door sounds loud at night.晚上，门的嘎吱声听起来很响。He became a doctor after he left high school.高中毕业他当上了医生。The rubber tires are over there.橡胶轮胎在那边。.名词形容词.副词充当表语的成分充当表语的成分All I could do is to wait.我们能做的只有等待。.代词不定式.Open the door.Its me.开门，是我。1.My father is a professor.（）2.Whos that?Its me.（）3.Everything
18、 here is wonderful.()4.The story of my life may be of help to others.()5.His plan is to seek work in the city.()6.My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.7.()1.My father is a professor.2.Whos that?Its me.3.Everything here is wonderful.4.The story of my life may be of help to others.5.Hi
19、s plan is to seek work in the city.6.My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.名词名词 代词代词形容词形容词 不定式不定式从句从句用用“”划出句子的表语，分析什么做了表语并写在括号内划出句子的表语，分析什么做了表语并写在括号内。练习练习介词短语介词短语1 1分钟分钟小结小结主语：一句话的中心，整句话都在谈论它的情况。谓语：对主语的情况加以说明，可表示动作或者状态。宾语：动作的接受者，或动作的结果。表语：说明主语是什么人或物，或说明主语的状态。当堂检测当堂检测写出划线部分的句子成分。写出划线部分的句子成分。1.Oversleeping will never make your dreams come true.2.The plane will take off soon.3.Action speaks louder than words.4.Difficult times show us who our true friends are.5.The way to be happy is to make others happy.主语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语表语表语谓语谓语1 1分钟分钟 作作 业业
