1、被动语态复习h一、被动语态的定义：一、被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。动语态。被动语态由助动词被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构成，时态通过构成，时态通过be表现出来。表现出来。h1.They make shoes in that factory.三、主动语态变被动语态三、主动语态变被动语态Shoes are made (by them)in that
2、 factory.一般现在时的被动语态构成一般现在时的被动语态构成：S(主语）主语）+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词h2.They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them)last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词h3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词h4.Som
3、e workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词h5I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词h6We have made twenty more keysTwenty more k
4、eys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词h7.By the end of next week,we will have finished the work.By the end of next week,the work will have been finished by us.将来完成时态的被动语态：将来完成时态的被动语态：S+will have been doneh8Ling Feng can take good care of Polly Polly can be taken good care of b
5、y Ling Feng .情态动词：情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词hPracticeh先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句句变为一般疑问句与否定句 1People grow wheat in North China 2They bought ten computers last term3.Next week we will hold a sports meeting.h4Some workers are painting the classrooms now 5We have made twenty
6、 more beds 6Ling Feng can take good care of Polly.7I was doing my homework at 8：00 last night h何时使用被动语态呢？何时使用被动语态呢？1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：说出动作的执行者时。例如：Football is played all over the world h2、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如：例如：Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao魏华是被林涛叫来的。魏华是被
7、林涛叫来的。h 3.固定短语不要忘介词固定短语不要忘介词Eg.She takes good care of the child.-The child is taken good care of by her.h4、如主动句含、如主动句含间宾和直宾间宾和直宾双宾语双宾语,变变被动时有何变化呢？被动时有何变化呢？Eg.We gave him a warm welcome.-He was given a warm welcome.-A warm welcome was given to him.h间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，切依旧；而直宾（物）
8、作主语，则须在间宾前添加则须在间宾前添加to或或for。加。加to的动词多为的动词多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加等；加for的动词有的动词有make，draw，buy等。等。h5.feel，hear，listen to，let，make，have，see，notice，look at，watch,observe（即常言道（即常言道“一感二听一感二听三让四看见三让四看见”）被动要还原）被动要还原to。1.I saw a stranger enter the room.2.-A stranger was seen to go
9、upstairs.Pay attention:I heard my neighbor singing a song.-My neighbour was heard singing a song.h6.vi.,vt.,如用被动强调人为如用被动强调人为Eg.Johns English has improved.Johns English has been improved.h7、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有人说有人说”、“大大家说家说”等时。例如：等时。例如：People say that the book has been translated into English
10、.-It is said that the book has been translated into English.It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that h8.被动与系表结构的区别被动与系表结构的区别Eg.The glass was broken by my son.(动作）动作）The glass was broken（状态）（状态）Eg.He was much excited by the news.He was v
11、ery excited.hExercisesh1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）h3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I tol
12、d her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was toldh5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was made to have can be usedh7.Did you plant
13、many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finishedh9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given were given to u
14、sh10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.was asked is doneh12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a
15、day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.can be mended must be takenh14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?is studiedIs talked by themh16.Someone must help me move away the he
16、avy bag.I must _ _ to move away this heavy bag.17.Was the window broken by Tom?（变为主动语态）（变为主动语态）_ Tom_ the window?be helpedDid breakh18.The tractor wasnt driven out of the road.He_ _ the tractor out of the road.19.Doesnt Bob clean the street every day?_ the street _ by Bob every day?didnt driveIsnt c
17、leanedh20.What can they do to finish the work on time?_ _ _ _ by them to finish the work?What can be doneh21.None of the children were made to try the new medicine by the doctor.The doctor _ _ _ _ the _ _ the new medicine.didnt make any of children tryh将下列句子改为被动语态将下列句子改为被动语态1We sweep the floor every
18、 day 2He does morning exercises every morning 3He gave me a book yesterday h4The nurses take care of the sick old man 5You can take the book out of the reading room 6What do the workers use the machine for？7I made him work two hours every day h8Class One will help the farmers tomorrow 9We have learn
19、ed two thousand English words10We found many students playing football on the playground.h将下列句子改为主动语态将下列句子改为主动语态1Was the work finished by him yesterday？2He was given a pen by me yesterday 3Children should be taken good care of h4The trees must be put in the hole by them 5The car is not being repaire
20、d by her now 6.Were the books taken away by the girl?h 五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own,belong to,happen,break out,consist of,have on,take place等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：Great changes have taken place in Jinan since last year.h再 见h 二、各种时态的被动语态构成二、各种时
21、态的被动语态构成 1）一般现在时：一般现在时：You are required to do this.2）一般过去时：一般过去时：The story was told by her.3）一般将来时：一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.h4）现在进行时：）现在进行时：The question is being discussed in the meeting room.5）过去进行时：）过去进行时：The new road was being made.6）现在完成时：）现在完成时：The novel has been read.7)情态动词：情态动词：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.h
