1、Grammar and usage Grammar and usage Overview of to-infinitives,verb-ing and verb-ed formsExploring the rules 1.I had enough food and water to last a whole week.2.The family chatting online look so happy.3.Treated with the new medicine,the patient soon recovered.4.What did the person cutting your hai
2、r think about the app?5.The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.an action in the futurea continuing actiona past actionan active actiona passive action*The to-infinitive often refers to an action that will happen in the future;the verb-ing form,a continuing
3、 action;and the verb-ed form,a past action.*Generally speaking,the verb-ing form expresses a(n)(1)_(active/passive)meaning,while the verb-ed form expresses a(n)(2)_(active/passive)meaning.activepassiveWorking out the rulesRules 1 and 2 The to-infinitive can be used as the(3)_ of a sentence.The verb-
4、ing form can be used as the(4)_ of a sentence.The verb-ed form can be used as the(5)_ of a sentence.a.subject b.predicative c.object plement e.attributive f.adverbiala,b,c,d,e,fa,b,c,d,e,fb,d,e,fWorking out the rulesRule 3Exploring the rules 1.To cook Chinese food is not easy.2.My first thought at m
5、ealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.3.Alice Brown,head teacher at Falmont Primary School,was teaching when the floor began to shake.4.We can always expect him to help us5.I was staying in Atlanta,and that was one of the cities to be hit.6.That morning,I turned on the TV for some local news,only to h
6、ear that a hurricane was on its way.To-infinitives subjectpredictative object attributiveadverbial complementVerb-ing forms 1.Sliding into the habit was easy,but it was difficult to quit the habit.2.It was surprising then to see so many people viewing important and precious artworks through their sm
7、artphones.3.I hear someone playing the piano in the next room.4.The people talking there are my friends.5.Walking along the street,I saw an old friend.6.He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music.subjectpredictative object attributiveadverbialcomplementExploring the rules objectV
8、erb-ed forms 1.I was amazed to see all the paintings.2.The road is covered with fallen leaves.3.Seen from the top of the mountain the river looks like a dragon.4.I have never heard this song sung in English.predicativeattributve adverbialcomplementExploring the rules Fill in the table below.Subjects
9、PredicativesObjectsComplementsAttributivesAdverbials,celebrating the beauty of nature and country life became a common theme in Romantic poetry.Romantic poets were often not pleased with they were not always interested in they refused to follow rigid rules;Instead,they advocated going back to nature
10、.people were made to work long hours.a process called industrialization.Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature,Exploring the rulesThe aim of the Romantics was to break with Applying the rulesFinish the following famous proverbs,using to-infinitives,verb-ing or verb-ed forms
11、and figure out their use.1.Not to advance is _.不进则退。不进则退。2.Never offer to teach fish _.不要班门弄斧。不要班门弄斧。3.By _ action we stand,by _ action we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。团结则存，分裂则亡。to go back to swimuniteddivided1.Romantic poets experimented with new poetic forms.They were particularly interested in it.Romantic poet
12、s were particularly _ _.2.Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poets imagination when they described natural scenes.Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poets imagination when _.3.Poems that focus on nature often stress the moment of inspiration.Poems _ of
13、ten stress the moment of inspiration.with new poetic formsdescribing natural scenesfocusing on natureB1Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives,verb-ing or verb-ed forms.interested in experimenting 4.Many Romantic poems are filled with descriptions of magic and ancient themes,and contain
14、 rich sensory details._,many Romantic poems contain rich sensory details.5.Since Romantic poets were highly colourful and independent individuals,finding concerns common to all of them is sometimes difficult.Since Romantic poets were all highly colourful and independent individuals,it is sometimes d
15、ifficult _.Filled with descriptions of magic and ancient themesto find concerns common to all of themB1Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives,verb-ing or verb-ed forms.Born in 1770,William Wordsworth was one of the(1)_(lead)poets of the Romantic movement in England.(2)_(grow)up in the
16、beautiful Lake District,Wordsworth had a childhood that was perfect for a developing poet.(3)_(educate)at Cambridge,Wordsworth received his degree in 1791.He spent a lot of time(4)_(tour)in Europe.Travelling obviously provided Wordsworth with plenty of ideas for his poems.In 1795,he met Samuel Taylo
17、r Coleridge and the two talented young men became close friends.(5)_(meet)Coleridge had a huge impact on Wordsworth.Lyrical Ballads,a collection of poems(6)_(write)together with Coleridge,was Wordsworths first great work.It was published in 1798 and marked the start of the Romantic era in poetry.Wor
18、dsworth explained that they wanted to write poetry that ordinary people could use(7)_(express)their feelings.Many of the poems in the collection were about returning to nature.Like other Romantics,Wordsworth preferred(8)_(live)in the country rather than in the city.B2Below is an article about the En
19、glish poet William Wordsworth.Complete the article with the correct to-infinitives,verb-ing or verb-ed forms of the verbs in the brackets.leadingGrowingEducatedtouringMeetingwritten to expressto live/livingB3Write about the importance of reading poems.Think of at least one reason and give supporting
20、 details,using to-infinitives,verb-ing or verb-ed forms.Use the example below to help you.Reading poems helps me understand the beauty of language.There are a lot of poetic devices employed in poems,such as rhyme and metaphor.When reading these beautifully written lines,I can enjoy the beauty of the
21、 language.ExampleReading poems helps develop deep insight into what the poet wants to express.Every poem is unique to its poet and its message might first need to be discovered before it can be understood.A poem also represents what the poet was experiencing at that time,such as passion or sorrow.Wh
22、en I read a poem,I want to discover and understand the poets message.So I often think about what the poet was going through at that time.Understanding the poets thoughts and feelings opens up a whole new world for me and keeps me from getting bored.Applying the rulesPossible answerHomework-checking exercise C on page 76 C1.to run2.Approaching3.to be discovered4.Having struggled5.Seen6.cleaning/to be cleaned7.lost8.Judging9.telling10.to have
