1、Learning objectivesBy the end of this section,you will be able to:1.identify the use of verb-ing forms as subjects and objects;2.work out the rules of verb-ing forms as subjects and objects;3.use the right forms of verb-ing to correct the mistakes and complete an article;4.apply verb-ing forms in ne
2、w situations.Unit 2 The universal language Grammar and usageLead-inFind verb-ing forms and figure out their functions.1.Sliding into the habit was easy,but it was difficult to quit the habit.2.Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.3.Asking a womans age is impolite in his country.4.Well com
3、e back more frequently and were also considering taking them to the city to live with us.5.As the largest rainforest in the world,the Amazon rainforest plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earths ecosystem.6.I was used to checking the news and my friends social media updat
4、es every few minutes.verb-ing forms as subjectsverb-ing forms as objectsExploring the rulesRead the story of part A and fill in the following table.When In Chinas _Whol Boya,_l Zhong Ziqi,Boyas audience and friendWhat happenedl Boya played the qin very well,but he believed no one could _ until he me
5、t Zhong Ziqi.l Zhong was able to recognize the image in Boyas piece of music _.l They became great friends and agreed to meet the next year.l _ because Zhong Ziqi,the only person that could understand his music had passed away.Spring and Autumn and Warring States periodsa master of the qinunderstand
6、 his musicHigh Mountains and Flowing WaterBoya destroyed his qinRead the story again.Find the sentences that use verb-ing forms as subjects or objects and fill in the table below.The first ones have been done for you.Verb-ing formsas subjectsPlaying the qin was his life.Verb-ing formsas objects.ever
7、yone enjoyed listening.Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya,.,its no use keeping the qin.Boya did not say anything before playing the qin,.When Boya continued playing,.,who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.before going their separate ways,.After he finishe
8、d playing the piece,.动词动词-ing形式作形式作主语主语1.动词-ing形式可以在句中用作主语。如：Swimming is fun.Watching them was a thrilling experience.Walking in step is not easy.2.动词-ing形式在句中作主语时，有时可以用形式主语it代替，基本句型是：it+be+形容词/名词+动词-ing形式。如：Its difficult finding your way around here.Its no use crying.It was a waste of time reading
9、that book.动词动词-ing形式作形式作主语主语3.动词-ing形式作主语时可以有被动形式。如：Being practised by the teacher makes me happy.Being lost can be a terrifying experience.4.动词-ing形式有时前面还可加物主代词或名词所有格等表示逻辑上的主语，构成复合结构。如：Your coming to visit is a great encouragement to us.Johns going off in such a hurry is very risky.His making troub
10、le in class annoyed the teacher.动词动词-ing形式作形式作宾语宾语1.动词-ing形式可以在句中用作动词的宾语。常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有：advise、avoid、enjoy、escape、finish、imagine、mind、practise、risk、suggest、admit、appreciate、consider、delay、deny、dislike、excuse、fancy、forgive、include、involve、keep(on)、mention、miss、postpone、prevent、recall、stand、underst
11、and等。如：We enjoy reading English stories.Have you finished typing the report?I have no choice but to delay putting on the show.My temporary job involves travelling around the world.只接动词-ing动词动词-ing形式作形式作宾语宾语2.后接动词-ing形式作宾语的短语有：have(no/much/some/.)difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in)、take pleasure in、sp
12、end time/money(in)、waste time(in)、be worth、be busy、feel like、be committed to、be attached to、cant help等。如：What is worth mentioning is his sincere attitude.It feels like allocating adequate time for each subject is impractical.只接动词-ing动词动词-ing形式作形式作宾语宾语既可接动词-ing形式又可接不定式（短语）作宾语的动词：begin,start,continue,
13、like,love,prefer,mean,forget,remember,hate,regret 等。(1)在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后，用动词-ing形式或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同：动词-ing形式表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。(2)在begin,start,continue之后，用动词-ing形式和不定式，意义无区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。(3)在动词forget,remember,regret之后，用动词-ing形式与不定式意义不同：动词-ing形式表示动作已经发生，不定式表示动作还没发生。Tips动词动词-ing形式作形式
14、作宾语宾语4.动词-ing形式作宾语，有被动形式（being done）和完成形式（having done）。如：Jack escaped being hit by a car.He went back to London without having achieved any success.5.有时动词-ing形式前还可加物主代词或名词所有格等充当宾语，构成复合结构。如：There is a good chance of Toms getting well again.6.动词-ing形式可以在句中用作介词的宾语。如：I kept fit by swimming.动词动词-ing形式作形式
15、作宾语宾语need,demand,want,require在表示“需要”时，用动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。need/demand/want/require+doing=need/demand/want/require+to be doneeg:The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.这辆车需要修理。TipsWorking out the rulesl When the verb-ing form is used as the subject of a sentence,we can someti
16、mes use the preparatory subject it at the beginning of the sentence.l The verb-ing form can also be used as the object of a(1)_ or a(2)_.verb/prepositionpreposition/verbApplying the rulesB1Circle the mistakes and write down the correct forms in the blanks.1.Listen to music is my favourite thing to d
17、o._2.I really enjoy to read biographies of musicians._3.Its no use try to play the violin if youre not going to give it your best shot._4.Would you mind to teach me how to play the guitar?_5.These instruments were meant for play traditional Chinese music._ListeningreadingtryingteachingplayingB2Below
18、 is an article about the music sent into space.Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.If you have to choose music from the Earth to send into space,what music do you think is capable of(1)_(represent)mankind?The sound of the Chinese qin is one answer to this questio
19、n.In 1977,two spacecraft called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were sent out(2)_(explore)the solar system.On both spacecraft,there is a selection of music from our planet.(3)_(send)music into outer space was the idea of the famous scientist Carl Sagan,who believed intelligent life existed on other planets.
20、The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space(if there is any).A group of scientists and artists got down to(4)_(choose)suitable music.Of course,they had trouble(5)_(select)representingto exploreSendingchoosingselectingB2Below is an article about the music sent in
21、to space.Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.which pieces of music to include.In the end,27 different pieces of music(6)_(last)90 minutes were put on the spacecraft.China is represented by a recording of Guan Pinghu(7)_(play)an ancient piece called Flowing Water
22、on the Chinese instrument qin.It is said that Boya wrote it.It took about 40 years for the Voyager spacecraft(8)_(enter)the space between the stars.We do not know what will happen in the end,but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet.lastingplayingto enterB3In pairs,dis
23、cuss how traditional Chinese music can be appreciated by a larger audience.Make a list of measures,using verb-ing forms as subjects or objects.Use the example below to help you.ExampleExampleHolding music festivals will give the public more chances to appreciate traditional Chinese music.B3In pairs,
24、discuss how traditional Chinese music can be appreciated by a larger audience.Make a list of measures,using verb-ing forms as subjects or objects.Use the example below to help you.Organizing traditional music tours around the country might give people more access to traditional Chinese music.Encoura
25、ging students to learn how to play traditional Chinese musical instruments can increase appreciation of the music.The media companies can contribute by making more documentary films or TV programmes to promote traditional Chinese music.People might benefit from having traditional Chinese music compe
26、titions locally or countrywide.Chinese music communities could suggest starting more websites about traditional music.WorkbookFill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.repair volunteer go be see change recognize watch protest come1._ offers us a chance to help those in
27、need.2.We all think the sofa is perfect but he is considering _ it.3.Its quite hot today.Do you feel like _ for a swim?4.Theres no use _.I wont change my mind.5._ kind and understanding is an important aspect of effective communication.VolunteeringchanginggoingprotestingBeing/To beFill in the blanks
28、 with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.repair volunteer go be see change recognize watch protest come6.What I have to do now is _ my computer.7.I know ball games are good for health,but I prefer _ football to playing it.8._ as different from other kids when I was very young had an eff
29、ect on my later life.9.We are going to have a party at the weekend to celebrate New Year and we are looking forward to your _.10.Many famous people wear sunglasses so that they can go to public places without _.(to)repairwatchingBeing seencomingbeing recognizedWords and Expressions Zhong Ziqi said h
30、e had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly.(P20)钟子期说他听到了湍急河水的声音。单词单词flow vi.流，流动；充满；涨起流，流动；充满；涨起 n.流，流动；连贯；涨潮流，流动；连贯；涨潮 cash flow 现金流 a flow chart 流程图She exploded with anger and tears began to flow.她勃然大怒，眼泪开始往下流。Man struggles upwards while water flows downwards.人往高处走，水往低处流。Too many examples ca
31、n interrupt the smooth flow of the text.例子太多会使行文不流畅。This flow chart summarizes the overall costing process.这张流程图概括了成本计算的全程。A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music.(P21)一批科学家和艺术家着手物色合适的音乐。suitable adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的 be suitable for sth/to do sth 适合/适合做Unf
32、ortunately,I dont have anything suitable to wear for the graduation ceremony.遗憾的是，我没有适合在毕业典礼上穿的衣服。The course is suitable for beginners and advanced students.该课程适合初学者和高阶学生。unsuitable adj.不合适的suit vt.适合，适宜；满足（某人）需要；相配，合身He was wearing shoes that were totally unsuitable for climbing.他穿了一双完全不适合登山的鞋子。In
33、Chinas Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods,there lived a man named Boya,who was a master of the qin.(P20)中国春秋战国时期，有一个名叫伯牙的琴师。*完全倒装完全倒装句子的主语是a man named Boya，为了实现句子的平衡，将谓语动词lived置于主语前面，其他成分位置不变，这是地点副词there位于句首的全部倒装。倒装时句子的谓语动词单复数要和主语一致。表示地点的副词there、here或表示时间的副词now、then置于句首时，后面的动词通常是be、lie、com
34、e、exist、stand、remain等，若主语是名词，用完全倒装，若主语是人称代词，则不倒装。如：Here are some registered letters for you.这是你的一些挂号信。In came a man with a white beard.进来了一个留着白胡子的人。句式句式全部倒装还有以下情况：(1)表示地点的介词短语置于句首时，谓语动词为be、lie、live、sit、hang、remain、stand、exist等时且主语是名词。如：On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple.山顶上矗立着一座古庙。At th
35、e foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.在山脚下有一片美丽的湖。In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.在英国一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。(2)主系表结构中的表语置于句首时。如：Seated on the ground are a group of newcomers.坐在地上的是一群新人。Gone are the days when we used the foreign oil.我们使用外国石油的日子一去不复返了。Write a passage on your favorite type of music.Remember to use the verb-ing forms as subjects and objects.
